fr: federal votation

rm: Resultats finals da la votaziun federala "Volksinitiative vom 4. Oktober 2013 «Für ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen» (BBl 2015 9553)", 5 da zercladur 2016, Kanton Zug, ordinà tenor vischnancas.

fr: Résultats finaux du vote fédéral "Volksinitiative vom 4. Oktober 2013 «Für ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen» (BBl 2015 9553)", 5 juin 2016, Kanton Zug, répartis par municipalités.

de: Schlussresultate der eidgenössischen Abstimmung "Volksinitiative vom 4. Oktober 2013 «Für ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen» (BBl 2015 9553)", 5. Juni 2016, Kanton Zug, aufgeschlüsselt nach Gemeinden.

it: Risultati finali della votazione federale "Volksinitiative vom 4. Oktober 2013 «Für ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen» (BBl 2015 9553)", 5 giugno 2016, Kanton Zug, suddivisi per municipalit.

abstimmung

display_name: abstimmung

federal

display_name: federal

votazione

display_name: votazione

votaziun

display_name: votaziun


maintainer: Open Data Mobilität Schweiz

label: Terms of use

label: Zugzahlen

state: active

type: dataset

fr: Quantità di treni sui tratti delle reti ferroviarie

de: Anzahl Züge auf den Abschnitten der Eisenbahnstreckennetze

en: Nombre de trains sur les tronçons des réseaux ferroviaires

fr:
L'ensemble de données comprend les sections des réseaux ferroviaires des gestionnaires d'infrastructure suivants:
-	BLS Netz AG (BLS)
-	DB Netz AG (DB)
-	Hafenbahnen Schweiz AG (HBS, HBL)
-	SBB AG (SBB)
-	Schweizerische Südostbahn AG (SOB)
-	Sensetalbahn (STB)
-	Thurbo
De la part de la DB, seules les informations relatives aux tronçons de ligne dans la zone de la gare de Bâle-Badischer Bahnhof sont incluses, et ces informations peuvent être incomplètes.
Le fichier n’inclut pas les tronçons de ligne exploités par d’autres gestionnaires d’infrastructure, comme Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn MGB, Regionalverkehr Bern-Solothurn RBS, Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn SZU ou Viafier retica RhB.
Les données portant sur le nombre de trains incluent les trains voyageurs et les trains de marchandises de toutes les entreprises de transport ferroviaire ayant circulé sur les tronçons concernés.

de:
Der Datensatz umfasst die Abschnitte der Eisenbahnstreckennetze folgender Infrastrukturbetreiberinnen:
-	BLS Netz AG (BLS)
-	DB Netz AG (DB)
-	Hafenbahnen Schweiz AG (HBS, HBL)
-	SBB AG (SBB)
-	Schweizerische Südostbahn AG (SOB)
-	Sensetalbahn (STB)
-	Thurbo
Seitens DB sind nur Angaben für die Streckenabschnitte im Bereich Basel Badischer Bahnhof enthalten, zudem können diese Angaben unvollständig sein.
Streckenabschnitte, die von anderen Infrastrukturbetreibern bewirtschaftet werden, beispielsweise der Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn MGB, des Regionalverkehrs Bern-Solothurn RBS, der Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn SZU oder der Rhätischen Bahn RhB sind nicht enthalten.
Die Angaben zur Anzahl Züge umfassen die Personenverkehrs- und Güterverkehrszüge aller Eisenbahnverkehrsunternehmen, die den jeweiligen Streckenabschnitt befahren haben.

en:
This data set includes the line sections that belong to the networks of the following infrastructure managers:
-	BLS Netz AG (BLS)
-	DB Netz AG (DB)
-	Hafenbahnen Schweiz AG (HBS, HBL)
-	SBB AG (SBB)
-	Schweizerische Südostbahn AG (SOB)
-	Sensetalbahn (STB)
-	Thurbo
On the part of DB, only information for the line sections in the area of Basel Badischer Bahnhof is included, and this information may be incomplete.
Not included are line sections managed by other infrastructure operators, for example Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn MGB, Regionalverkehr Bern-Solothurn RBS, Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn SZU or Rhaetian Railway RhB.

Data on the number of trains includes passenger and freight trains operated by all railway undertakings that run on the line section in question.

it:
I dati comprendono i tratti di linea che appartengono alle reti dei seguenti gestori dell'infrastruttura:
-	BLS Netz AG (BLS)
-	DB Netz AG (DB)
-	Hafenbahnen Schweiz AG (HBS, HBL)
-	SBB AG (SBB)
-	Schweizerische Südostbahn AG (SOB)
-	Sensetalbahn (STB)
-	Thurbo
Da parte di DB sono incluse solo le informazioni relative ai tratti di linea nell'area della Badischer Bahnhof di Basilea. Inoltre, queste informazioni potrebbero essere incomplete.
I tratti di linea gestiti da altri gestori dell’infrastruttura, ad esempio Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn MGB, Regionalverkehr Bern-Solothurn RBS, Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn SZU o Ferrovia retica RhB non sono compresi.
I dati relativi alla quantità di treni comprendono i treni viaggiatori

format: XLS

identifier: zugzahlen

mobility

fr: Mobilité et transports

de: Mobilität und Verkehr

en: Mobility and Transport

it: Mobilità e trasporti

oevch

fr: Secrétariat des tâches du système d’information à la clientèle (CFF SA)

de: Geschäftsstelle Systemaufgaben Kundeninformation (SBB AG)

en: Business office of Customer Information System Tasks (SBB CFF FFS)

it: Servizio commerciale Attività di sistema Informazione alla clientela (FFS SA)

fr: Le Secrétariat des tâches du système d’information à la clientèle (SKI) publie pour le compte de l’OFT les données de l’ensemble des transports publics de Suisse.

de: Die Geschäftsstelle Systemaufgaben Kundeninformation (SKI) veröffentlicht im Auftrag des BAV die Daten des gesamten öffentlichen Verkehrs der Schweiz

en: Working on behalf of the Swiss Federal Office of Transport (FOT), the Customer Information System Tasks (SKI) business office publishes data on all public transport in Switzerland

it: Il servizio commerciale Attività di sistema Informazione alla clientela (SKI) pubblica, per conto dell’UFT, i dati di tutto il trasporto pubblico in Svizzera.

political_level: other

schweizerische-bundesbahnen-sbb

capacity: public

type: organization

approval_status: approved

key: guid

key: uri

value: Opendatatransport - DCAT Harvester

en: Number of trains on the sections of the railway network


maintainer: Staatskanzlei Zug

de: abstimmung national

it: votazione nazionale

label: Descrizione del formato

label: Formatbeschreibung

label: Descripziun dal format

label: Description du format

media_type: text/csv

format: CSV

mimetype: text/csv

identifier: csv

media_type: application/json

format: JSON

mimetype: application/json

identifier: json

rm: Resultats finals da la votaziun federala "Volksinitiative vom 05. Januar 2012 «Ja zur Aufhebung der Wehrpflicht»", 22 da settember 2013, Kanton Zug, ordinà tenor vischnancas.

fr: Résultats finaux du vote fédéral "Volksinitiative vom 05. Januar 2012 «Ja zur Aufhebung der Wehrpflicht»", 22 septembre 2013, Kanton Zug, répartis par municipalités.

de: Schlussresultate der eidgenössischen Abstimmung "Volksinitiative vom 05. Januar 2012 «Ja zur Aufhebung der Wehrpflicht»", 22. September 2013, Kanton Zug, aufgeschlüsselt nach Gemeinden.

it: Risultati finali della votazione federale "Volksinitiative vom 05. Januar 2012 «Ja zur Aufhebung der Wehrpflicht»", 22 settembre 2013, Kanton Zug, suddivisi per municipalit.

national

display_name: national

nazionale

display_name: nazionale

plaun-naziunal

display_name: plaun-naziunal

votation

display_name: votation

politics

fr: Politique

de: Politik

en: Politics

it: Politica

staatskanzlei-zug

de: Staatskanzlei Zug

de: Der Kanton Zug veröffentlicht hier schrittweise OGD-Datensätze der kantonalen Verwaltung.

political_level: canton

value: ZG-Kt - Staatskanzlei - DCAT Harvester


fr: election municipal

de: wahl kommunal

it: comunale elezione

rm: Resultats finals da l'elecziun federala "Kantonsratswahl 2022 Stadt Zug", 2 d’october 2022, Kanton Zug, resultats da tut las candidatas e da tut ils candidats tenor vischnancas.

fr: Résultats finaux de l'élection fédérale "Kantonsratswahl 2022 Stadt Zug", 2 octobre 2022, Kanton Zug, répartis par municipalités et par candidats.

de: Schlussresultate der eidgenössischen Wahl "Kantonsratswahl 2022 Stadt Zug", 2. Oktober 2022, Kanton Zug, aufgeschlüsselt nach Kandidaten und Gemeinden.

it: Risultati finali della elezione federale "Kantonsratswahl 2022 Stadt Zug", 2 ottobre 2022, Kanton Zug, suddivisi per municipalit e candidati.

comunale

display_name: comunale

election

display_name: election

elecziun

display_name: elecziun

elezione

display_name: elezione

kommunal

display_name: kommunal

municipal

display_name: municipal

plaun-communal

display_name: plaun-communal

wahl

display_name: wahl

rm: Kantonsratswahl 2022 Stadt Zug

fr: Kantonsratswahl 2022 Stadt Zug

de: Kantonsratswahl 2022 Stadt Zug

it: Kantonsratswahl 2022 Stadt Zug


ga-hta-liste

maintainer: Fachstelle Open-Data-Plattfrm Mobilität Schweiz

title_for_slug: ga-hta-liste

label: GA-HTA-Liste

fr: Abonnement général et demi-tarif

en: General season ticket and Half-Fare travelcard list

de: Generalabonnement und Halbtax Liste

it: Abbonamento generale e abbonamento metà prezzo

fr: Un nouvel ensemble de données est désormais disponible sur la plateforme de données ouvertes pour les transports publics en Suisse, qui contient le nombre d'abonnements général et demi-tarif par code postal. La publication de ces données permet, entre autres, d'améliorer les modèles de transports cantonaux et locaux, car leurs développeurs peuvent accéder à des données standardisées et fiables dans toute la Suisse. Pour assurer la protection des données, s'il y a moins de 20 abonnements par code postal, l'enregistrement de données ne contient pas le nombre exact, mais la valeur moyenne du nombre d'abonnements à travers les codes postaux avec moins de 20 abonnements.

de: Ab sofort ist auf der Open-Data-Plattform öV Schweiz ein neuer Datensatz verfügbar, der die Anzahl der General- und Halbtax-Abonnemente pro Postleitzahl enthält. Die Veröffentlichung dieser Daten trägt unter anderem dazu bei, die kantonalen und lokalen Verkehrsmodelle zu verbessern, weil deren Entwicklerinnen und Entwickler auf schweizweit einheitliche und verlässliche Daten zurückgreifen können. Um den Datenschutz zu gewährleisten, enthält der Datensatz bei weniger als 20 Abonnementen pro Postleitzahl nicht die genaue Anzahl, sondern den Mittelwert der Anzahl Abonnemente über die Postleitzahlen mit weniger als 20 Abonnementen.

en: A new data set is now available on the open data platform for public transport in Switzerland, which contains the number of general and half-fare subscriptions per postcode. The publication of this data helps, among other things, to improve the cantonal and local transport models, because their developers can access data that is standardized and reliable across Switzerland. To ensure data protection, if there are fewer than 20 subscriptions per zip code, the data record does not contain the exact number, but the mean value of the number of subscriptions across the zip codes with fewer than 20 subscriptions.

it: Un nuovo set di dati è ora disponibile sulla piattaforma open data per il trasporto pubblico in Svizzera, che contiene il numero di abbonamenti generali e metà prezzo per codice postale. La pubblicazione di questi dati aiuta, tra le altre cose, a migliorare i modelli di trasporto cantonale e locale, perché i loro sviluppatori possono accedere a dati standardizzati e affidabili in tutta la Svizzera. Per garantire la protezione dei dati, se ci sono meno di 20 abbonamenti per codice postale, il record di dati non contiene il numero esatto, ma il valore medio del numero di abbonamenti nei codici postali con meno di 20 abbonamenti.

identifier: Generalabonnement und Halbtax Liste


maintainer: Fachstelle für OGD Basel-Stadt

de: csv

de: Wahl eines Mitglieds des Gerichts für fürsorgerische Unterbringungen (csv)

license: CC BY 3.0 CH

de: json

de: Wahl eines Mitglieds des Gerichts für fürsorgerische Unterbringungen (json)

de: Dieser Datensatz zeigt die Resultate des 1. Wahlgangs der Wahl eines Mitglieds des Gerichts für fürsorgerische Unterbringung vom 9. Mai 2021.

legislation

fr: Législation

de: Gesetzgebung

en: Legislation

it: Legislazione

kanton-basel-stadt

fr: Canton de Bâle-Ville

de: Kanton Basel-Stadt

en: Canton of Basel-City

it: Cantone di Basilea-Città

de: Der Kanton Basel-Stadt veröffentlicht nach und nach Open Government-Datensätze von kantonalen Ämtern und Dienststellen. Die kantonale Fachstelle für Open Government Data ist als Koordinationsorgan zuständig für die Unterstützung der datenpublizierenden Verwaltungsstellen.

value: BS Kanton Stadt - DCAT Harvester


de: scheidungen demographie

de: Scheidungen nach Scheidungsdatum, Ehedauer sowie Alter und Staatsangehörigkeit der ehemaligen Ehepartner (json)

license: CC BY

de: Scheidungen nach Scheidungsdatum, Ehedauer sowie Alter und Staatsangehörigkeit der ehemaligen Ehepartner (csv)

de: Dieser Datensatz zeigt die Scheidungen in Basel-Stadt nach Scheidungsdatum, Ehedauer sowie nach Alter und Staatsangehörigkeit der Frau bzw. des Mannes. Die Daten werden jährlich aktualisiert. Vor dem Jahr 1984 ist nur das Total der Scheidungen verfügbar. Im Jahr 2000 trat ein neues Scheidungsrecht in Kraft. Im Jahr 2010 wurde dieses angepasst. Bis zum Jahr 2006 wurde eine Scheidung in Basel-Stadt gezählt, wenn die klagende Partei in Basel-Stadt Wohnsitz hatte. Seit dem Jahr 2007 wird eine Scheidung in Basel-Stadt gezählt, wenn der Mann Wohnsitz in Basel-Stadt hat, oder wenn er im Ausland und die Frau in Basel-Stadt lebt. Die hier veröffentlichten Werte können aus methodischen Gründen von denjenigen in der öffentlichen Statistik abweichen: In Letzterer werden nachträglich gemeldete Scheidungen im letzten noch nicht abgeschlossenen Jahr gezählt. In diesem Datensatz werden sie im Jahr des Scheidungsdatums gezählt..Quelle: Statistik der natürlichen Bevölkerungsbewegung (BEVNAT) des Bundesamtes für Statistik (BFS).

demographie

display_name: demographie

scheidungen

display_name: scheidungen

population

fr: Population

de: Bevölkerung

en: Population

it: Popolazione


maintainer: OGD-Koordinationsstelle Kanton Thurgau

de: wohnsitz pflegefamilie platzierung pflegekinder

de: Pflegekinder im Kanton Thurgau (json)

license: CC BY 4.0

de: Pflegekinder im Kanton Thurgau (csv)

de: Der Datensatz enthält die Anzahl der im Kanton Thurgau platzierten Pflegekinder nach Alterskategorie, Geschlecht, kantonalem oder ausserkantonalem gesetzlichen Wohnsitz und Art der Platzierung.Datenstand: 31.12.2020

pflegefamilie

display_name: pflegefamilie

pflegekinder

display_name: pflegekinder

platzierung

display_name: platzierung

wohnsitz

display_name: wohnsitz

social-security

fr: Protection sociale

de: Soziale Sicherheit

en: Social security

it: Sicurezza sociale

name: Pflegekinder- und Heimaufsicht Kanton Thurgau

kanton-thurgau

fr: Canton de Thurgovie

de: Kanton Thurgau

en: Canton of Thurgau

it: Cantone di Turgovia

de: Der Kanton Thurgau veröffentlicht hier schrittweise OGD-Datensätze der kantonalen Verwaltung.

value: TG-Kt DCAT Harvester

de: Pflegekinder im Kanton Thurgau


maintainer: EnviDat Support

en: wetlands environmental---history historical-carthography switzerland environmental--policy ecology

en: Wetlands 1850 - 2010 (shapefiles)

media_type: application/zip

en:
 History of wetlands - GIS-Layers
 Location of wetlands based on signatures in topographic maps
* Basis 1850: original measuring table sheets Dufour created between the years 1834 and 1863.
* Basis 1900/ Basis 1950: The Siegfried maps were updated and published at regular intervals between 1870 and 1949. This long period of time made it possible to reconstruct wetlands for two periods based on the Siegfried Maps: the first edition (hereinafter referred to as "1900") and the last edition ("1950").
* Basis 2010: Map sheets from the National Map from 2006 to 2011 were used for the most recent time period of the reconstruction.
 Location of wetlands due to reconstructions
The reconstruction **must not** be interpreted in the sense of a surface-accurate separation, but shows without claim to location accuracy the approximate extent of the areas that would have corresponded to the mapping criteria for wetlands used in today's topographic maps around 1850, 1900 and 1950. The basics can be found in Stuber & Bürgi 2019, chapter 5.4.

format: ZIP

mimetype: application/zip

en:
Naturally, large parts of the Swiss Plateau are characterised by wetlands
and meandering rivers. That this is no longer the case today is the result
of centuries of efforts to obtain dry land. But how did this process take
place? What were the relevant actors and what were their motivations? And
what can be said about the ecological consequences of this development?

In a research project on the history of wetlands in Switzerland since 1700,
we conducted (a) a historical analysis of the development of land use in
wetlands and the actors involved, (b) a historical-cartographic
reconstruction of wetland extent since 1850 and (c) an evaluation of
ecological effects of changes in wetlands on various organisms groups.

The series of GIS layers on wetland history stem from the second part of
the project. The area reconstruction is based on digitized and homogenized
signatures from national map series, as they have been available since
about 1850. Details about the digitalization process and the homogenization
procedures applied ("Rekonstruktionen") are included in Stuber & Bürgi
2019.

Book Citation:
 > Stuber M, Bürgi M (2019) Vom «eroberten Land» zum Renaturierungsprojekt. Geschichte der Feuchtgebiete in der Schweiz seit 1700. "Bristol Schriftenreihe", Band 59. Haupt Verlag, Bern, Stuttgart, Wien. 262 Seiten.

ecology

display_name: ecology

environmental---history

display_name: environmental---history

environmental--policy

display_name: environmental--policy

historical-carthography

display_name: historical-carthography

switzerland

display_name: switzerland

wetlands

display_name: wetlands

education

fr: Education, science

de: Bildung, Wissenschaft

en: Education and science

it: Formazione e scienza

envidat

fr: EnviDat: le portail de données environnementales

de: EnviDat: das Umwelt-Datenportal

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

it: EnviDat: il portale dei dati ambientali

fr: EnviDat est le portail de données du WSL; il offre un accès uniformisé et réglementé aux données de surveillance et de recherche en matière d’environnement. Ce portail est capable d’héberger et de publier des ensembles de données précieuses et uniques, qui sont partagées aux quatre coins de la planète. Ce faisant, EnviDat favorise la recherche et contribue à l’avancement des sciences environnementales.

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

de: EnviDat ist das Datenportal der WSL für einen einheitlichen und verwalteten Zugang zu Umweltdaten aus Monitoring- und Forschungsprojekten. Auf dem Portal können Datensätze gehostet und veröffentlicht werden. Durch die weltweite Bereitstellung einzigartiger und wertvoller Datensätze leistet EnviDat einen Beitrag zur Forschung im Bereich der Umweltwissenschaften.

it: EnviDat è il portale dati del WSL che fornisce un accesso unificato e gestito ai dati di monitoraggio ambientale e di ricerca. Il portale ha la capacità di ospitare e pubblicare serie di dati preziosi e unici che vengono condivisi in tutto il mondo. Così facendo, EnviDat promuove la ricerca e contribuisce al progresso della scienza ambientale.

value: Envidat Harvester

en: History of wetlands in Switzerland since 1850


maintainer: Ionut Iosifescu Enescu

en: jupyter-notebooks open-science hpc research-data-management open-data reproducibility open-source

en: Open Science Support @ WSL (Poster)

media_type: application/pdf

format: PDF

mimetype: application/pdf

en:
This poster was originally created for the swissuniversities Open Science Action Plan: Kick-Off Forum, and showed to the audience on 17.10.2019. It illustrates how the environmental data portal EnviDat provides the tools for fostering Open Science and Reproducibility of scientific research at WSL.

Supporting open science is a highly relevant user requirement for EnviDat and for implementing FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability) principles at dataset level.
EnviDat encourages WSL scientists to complement data publication with a complete description of research methods and the inclusion of the open source software, code or scripts used for processing the dataset or for obtaining the published results. By openly publishing open software (e.g. as Jupyter notebooks) alongside research data sets, researchers can contribute to mitigate reproducibility issues.

EnviDat also promotes and supports, where possible and practical, the publication of software as Jupyter notebooks. Jupyter notebooks provide a solution for improved documentation and interactive execution of open code in a wide range of programming languages (Python, R, Octave/Matlab, Java or Scala). These programming languages are widely used in environmental research at WSL and well supported by the Jupyter-compatible kernels. We have sucessfully interfaced EnviDat-hosted notebooks with the WSL High-Performance Computing (HPC) Linux Cluster through a JupyterHub/JuypterLab beta installation on the HPC cluster implemented in close collaboration with the WSL IT-Services.
For existing software that cannot be easily migrated to Jupyter Notebooks, the Open Science and Reproducibility is assisted by containerisation. We have proven that several Singularity containers can successfully run on WSL's HPC cluster.

Finally, the researchers can upload the data/results complemented by code (e.g. as Jupyter Notebooks, or Singularity containers) and any additional documentation in EnviDat. Consequently, they will receive a DOI for the entire dataset, which they can reference in their science paper in order to publish a more reproducible research.

_License_: This poster is released by WSL and the EnviDat team to the public domain under a Creative Commons 4.0 CC0 "No Rights Reserved" international license. You can reuse this poster in any way you want, for any purposes and without restrictions.

hpc

display_name: hpc

jupyter-notebooks

display_name: jupyter-notebooks

open-data

display_name: open-data

open-science

display_name: open-science

open-source

display_name: open-source

reproducibility

display_name: reproducibility

research-data-management

display_name: research-data-management

en: Open Science Support at the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL. The EnviDat Concept


maintainer: Yves Bühler

en: release snow avalanche hazard-mapping ramms hazard-indication-mapping

en: RAMMS simulations NHESS

en: Simulated maximum pressures for the scenarios frequent and extreme taking the forest layer into account

en: Potential Release  Area  NHESS

en: This folder contains the output of the different investigated algorithms plus the reference dataset, used for training and validation.

en:
This dataset contains the output and reference data published in the paper "Automated snow avalanche release area delineation - validation of existing algorithms and proposition of a new object-based approach for large scale hazard indication mapping" Yves Bühler, Daniel von Rickenbach, Andreas Stoffel, Stefan Margreth, Lukas Stoffel, Marc Christen (2018) Natural Hazards And Earth System Sciences.

Abstract:
Snow avalanche hazard is threatening people and infrastructure in all alpine regions with seasonal or permanent snow cover around the globe. Coping with this hazard is a big challenge and during the past centuries, different strategies were developed. Today, in Switzerland, experienced avalanche engineers produce hazard maps with a very high reliability based on avalanche cadastre information, terrain analysis, climatological datasets and numerical modelling of the flow dynamics for selected avalanche tracks that might affect settlements. However, for regions outside the considered settlement areas such area-wide hazard maps are not available mainly because of the too high cost, in Switzerland and in most mountain regions around the world. Therefore, hazard indication maps, even though they are less reliable and less detailed, are often the only spatial planning tool available. To produce meaningful and cost-effective avalanche hazard indication maps over large regions (regional to national scale), automated release area delineation has to be combined with volume estimations and state-of-the-art numerical avalanche simulations.

In this paper we validate existing potential release area (PRA) delineation algorithms, published in peer-reviewed journals, that are based on digital terrain models and their derivatives such as slope angle, aspect, roughness and curvature. For validation, we apply avalanche cadastre data from three different ski resorts in the vicinity of Davos, Switzerland, where experienced ski-patrol staff mapped most avalanches in detail since many years. After calculating the best fit input parameters for every tested algorithm, we compare their performance based on the reference datasets. Because all tested algorithms do not provide meaningful delineation between individual potential release areas (PRA), we propose a new algorithm based on object-based image analysis (OBIA). In combination with an automatic procedure to estimate the average release depth (d0), defining the avalanche release volume, this algorithm enables the numerical simulation of thousands of avalanches over large regions applying the well-established avalanche dynamics model RAMMS. We demonstrate this for the region of Davos for two hazard scenarios, frequent (10 – 30 years return period) and extreme (100 – 300 years return period). This approach opens the door for large scale avalanche hazard indication mapping in all regions where high quality and resolution digital terrain models and snow data are available.

avalanche

display_name: avalanche

hazard-indication-mapping

display_name: hazard-indication-mapping

hazard-mapping

display_name: hazard-mapping

ramms

display_name: ramms

release

display_name: release

snow

display_name: snow

en: Automated Avalanche Release Area (PRA) Delineation Davos


en: snow hill atmosphere dust deposition turbulence particles

en: preferential deposition patterns of all simulations performed

en: The data consist of matlab files. Each files contains a 2D array with the values of deposition at the surface nodes. Each array has Nx x Ny values. Please refer to the original paper for additional information on the spatial resolution and grid size.

en:
Preferential deposition of snow and dust over complex terrain is responsible for a wide range of environmental processes, and accounts for a significant source of uncertainty in surface mass balances of cold and arid regions. Despite the growing body of literature on the subject, previous studies reported contradictory results on the location and magnitude of deposition maxima and minima. This study aims at unraveling the governing processes of preferential deposition in neutrally stable atmosphere and to reconcile seemingly inconsistent results of previous works. For this purpose, a comprehensive modeling approach is developed, based on large eddy simulations of the turbulent airflow, Lagrangian stochastic model of particle trajectories, and immersed-boundary method to represent the underlying topography. The model performance is tested against wind tunnel measurements of dust deposition around isolated and sequential hills. A scale analysis is then performed to investigate the dependence of snowfall deposition on the particle Froude and Stokes numbers, which fully account for the governing processes of inertia, flow advection, and gravity. Additional simulations are performed, to test whether the often used assumption of inertialess particles yields accurate deposition patterns. We finally show that our scale analysis provides qualitatively similar results for hills with different aspect ratios.

This dataset contains the results of the LES-LSM model. Each Matlab file contains a 2D array of deposition values (in kg/m2) in each surface node (ix, iy) of the Cartesian grid. The file names are consistent with the simulation numbers listed in the original paper. For additional information, please refer to "Preferential deposition of snow and dust over hills: governing processes and relevant scales" by F. Comola, M. G. Giometto, S. T. Salesky, M. B. Parlange, and M. Lehning, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2019.

atmosphere

display_name: atmosphere

deposition

display_name: deposition

dust

display_name: dust

hill

display_name: hill

particles

display_name: particles

turbulence

display_name: turbulence


automatic-detection-of-avalanches

maintainer: Matthias Heck

title_for_slug: automatic-detection-of-avalanches

en: seismic monitoring hidden-markov-model snow avalanche-activity

en: Results and Scripts

en: This zip package contains the classification results, coherence results, reference data set, python scripts used for the classification and the start and end times for the pre-processed continuous seismic data. A further readme file is also include for more detailed information.

en: This dataset contains the results obtained by an automatic classification using hidden Markov models of a continuous seismic dataset. To avoid long computational times, we reduced the seismic data using pre-processing step. The start and end times of the windows used for the classification are also included in this dataset. Furthermore, an avalanche reference data set is included and the python scripts used to perform the processing steps and the classification.

avalanche-activity

display_name: avalanche-activity

hidden-markov-model

display_name: hidden-markov-model

monitoring

display_name: monitoring

seismic

display_name: seismic

education

en: Education and science

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Automatic detection of avalanches


en: pest-invasion biological-control population-evolution southern-switzerland castanea-sativa dryocosmus-kuriphilus torymus-sinensis

en:
Data has been collected from summer 2011 to 2016.

Main reasons for NA values:

-	D. kuriphilus still not arrived in the site.
-	No galls were found during the field sampling.
-	Site has not been sampled in the correspondent year because of time, weather or money constrains.
-    T. sinensis not found in the galls

Variable description:

Year = sampling year.

Coordinate, elevation, slope, aspect = average site characteristics.

ts_arrival = T. sinensis arrival year.

dk_arrival = D. kuriphilus arrival year.

dk_parasitism_by_ts = D. kuriphilus parasitism rate by T. sinensis. Formula: (no. of T. sinensis/ no. of D. kuriphilus chambers) * 100 at gall level.

dk_infestation = Percentage of attacked buds. Formula: no. of attacked buds / no. of total developed buds*100 (as presented in Kotobuki et al. 1985) at shoot level.

ts_per_bud = number of alive T. sinensis individual calculated at bud level.

dk_per_bud = number of alive D. kuriphilus individual calculated at bud level.

dk_pot_per_bud = overall number (dead and alive) D. kuriphilus individual calculated at bud level.

total_gall_nr_per_bud = average gall number per bud.

chamber_per_galls = average D. kuriphilus chamber number per gall.

For details see the submitted publication with the same name

References
Kotobuki, K., Mori, K. and Sato, Y. (1985) ‘2 methods to estimate the tree damage by chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus-kuriphilus’, Bulletin of the fruit tree research station A (Yatabe), 2(12), pp. 29–36.

en:
This dataset contains the population evolution of a pest and its biocontrol agent in terms of presence proportion at gall level and absolute number of insects.

The study area extends from the Cuneo region (Piedmont, Italy) to southern Switzerland. In order to provide a complete range of data covering the entire process from the pest arrival to complete biological control by its natural enemy T. sinensis, a space-for-time substitution approach has been adopted so as to create a temporal gradient of the epidemic stages over the whole study area.

The southernmost Swiss sites roughly represent the arrival and establishment of the pest without the presence of the natural enemy, the central ones the early epidemic stage and the epidemic peak, whereas the northern ones the end of the epidemic with the beginning of the biocontrol. The Italian ones represent the beginning of the equilibrium between the two population as well as the situation with stable T. sinensis populations on the long term.

These data are used in the paper entitled: Torymus sinensis local and regional early population dynamics in the Insubrian and Piedmont regions

biological-control

display_name: biological-control

castanea-sativa

display_name: castanea-sativa

dryocosmus-kuriphilus

display_name: dryocosmus-kuriphilus

pest-invasion

display_name: pest-invasion

population-evolution

display_name: population-evolution

southern-switzerland

display_name: southern-switzerland

torymus-sinensis

display_name: torymus-sinensis


en: nitrogen picea-abies face forest soil co2

en: Collection of soil solution

en: Soil solution collected by suction cups

en: Resin bags

en: Ammonium, nitrate and their 15N in resin bags

en: Gross N mineralisation and nitrification

en: Gross rates of N mineralisation and nitrification (15N dilution)

en: Water analyses

en: Analyses of water, especially soil solution

en: Soil C and N

en: Analyses of C, N and their stable isotopes in the soil, and soil pH

en: Collection points

en: Collection points under the trees

en: Data obtained in the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment at Hofstetten, NW Switzerland, between 2009 and 2016. This dataset contains analyses of the soil solution throughout the experiment, especially for nitrate, as well as different analyses done at the end of the experiment: ammonium and nitrate captured by ion-exchange resin bags and extracted from soil cores, gross N mineralisation and nitrification measured by isotope dilution.

face

display_name: face

forest

display_name: forest

nitrogen

display_name: nitrogen

picea-abies

display_name: picea-abies

soil

display_name: soil

en: Nitrogen availability under trees exposed to CO2 enrichment (FACE)


en: orographic-precipitation snow-precipitation precipitation-variability cosmo-wrf complex-terrain

en: StationData

en: Snow depth maps over Dischma valley for 26 January 2016 and 9 March 2016 and snow depth differences between the two dates.

en:
The data presented here corresponds to the publication "Spatial variability in snow precipitation and accumulation in COSMO-WRF simulations and radar estimations over complex terrain" (Gerber et al., 2018a), which investigates the precipitation variability of snow precipitation in the central northern part of the Grisons (CH) and the publication "The importance of near-surface winter precipitation processes in complex alpine terrain" (Gerber et al., 2018b). The dataset contains:

* WRFsimulations: WRF simulation output for simulations with 4x (14x) terrain smoothing with an output timestep of 30 min/5 min and horizontal grid spacings of 1350 m, 450 m, 150 m and 50 m (currently: data available upon request).
* StationData: Meteorological station data of 18 meteorological stations in the central northern part of the Grisons with 30 minute resolution for the period 1 January 2016 till 1 May 2016.
* ADS80data: Photogrammetrically determined snow depth distribution data over the Dischma valley for the 26 January 2016 and 9 March 2016. Snow heights are corrected for buildings, vegetation (> 1m), outliers, and pixles, which are obivously snow-free on the pictures (Bühler et al., 2015). In addition the snow depth differences (snow depth on 9 March 2016 minus snow depth on 26 January 2016) are provided.

For more details about the simulation and observation data, see Gerber et al., 2018 and Gerber and Sharma (2018).

Publications:

Bühler, Y., Marty, M., Egli, L., Veitinger, J., Jonas, T., Thee, P., and Ginzler, C.: Snow depth mapping in high-alpine catchments using digital photogrammetry. Cryosphere, 9, 229–243, doi:10.5194/tc-9-229-2015, 2015.

Gerber, F., Besic, N., Sharma, V., Mott, R., Daniels, M., Gabella, M., Berne, A., Germann, U., and Lehning, M.: Spatial variability in snow precipitation and accumulation in COSMO-WRF simulations and radar estimations over complex terrain, The Cryosphere, 12, 3137–3160, doi:10.5194/tc-12-3137-2018, 2018.

Gerber, F., Mott, R. and Lehning, M.: The importance of near-surface winter precipitation processes in complex alpine terrain, Journal of Hydrometeorology, accepted, 2018.

Gerber, F., and Sharma, V.: Running COSMO-WRF on very-high resolution over complex terrain. Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences CRYOS, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland. doi:10.16904/envidat.35, 2018.

complex-terrain

display_name: complex-terrain

cosmo-wrf

display_name: cosmo-wrf

orographic-precipitation

display_name: orographic-precipitation

precipitation-variability

display_name: precipitation-variability

snow-precipitation

display_name: snow-precipitation

education

en: Education and science

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: DISCHMEX - High-resolution WRF simulations in complex alpine terrain and station measurements


maintainer: James W. Kirchner

en: sap-flow evapotranspiration ecohydrology snowmelt groundwater streamflow diel-cycle diurnal-cycle

en: Metadata

en: Column descriptions for both data files, and map coordinates for all measurement locations.

en: MODIS EVI2 script

media_type: text/plain

en: Google Earth Engine script for computing MODIS two-band enhanced vegetation index (EVI2) values and averaging them over subcatchments.

format: TXT

mimetype: text/plain

en: MODIS NDSI script

en: Google Earth Engine script for computing MODIS normalized difference snow index (NDSI) values and averaging them over subcatchment areas.

en: 30-minute time series

en: 30-minute hydrometeorological and ecohydrological time series.

en: Subcatchment polygons

en: Subcatchment polygons for use in the Google Earth Engine scripts.

en: Daily time series

en: Daily hydrometeorological and ecohydrological time series

en:
Hydrometerological and ecohydrological time series from Sagehen Creek and Independence Creek, Sierra Nevada, USA, illustrating hydrological responses to daily cycles in snowmelt and evapotranspiration forcing.

Data include 30-minute time series of

- weather variables,

- sap flow fluxes,

- groundwater levels (in two riparian transects of shallow groundwater wells),

- and stream stages (at 12 sites spanning a 500-meter elevation gradient),

and daily time series of

- temperature, precipitation, and snow water equivalent at three nearby snow telemetry stations

- diel cycle index values for groundwater levels and stream stages,

- and MODIS normalized difference snow index (NDSI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI2) values averaged over selected subcatchments.

Google Earth Engine scripts for extracting the MODIS data are also provided.

diel-cycle

display_name: diel-cycle

diurnal-cycle

display_name: diurnal-cycle

ecohydrology

display_name: ecohydrology

evapotranspiration

display_name: evapotranspiration

groundwater

display_name: groundwater

sap-flow

display_name: sap-flow

snowmelt

display_name: snowmelt

streamflow

display_name: streamflow

en: Daily cycles in solar flux, snowmelt, transpiration, groundwater, and streamflow at Sagehen and Independence Creeks, Sierra Nevada, USA


en: hydropower gis ecosystem-protection integral-water-management decision-making

media_type: SHP

format: SHP

en: Indicators

media_type: text/markdown

en: The indicators capture supporting ecosystem functions.

format: SERVICE

en:
 A spatial dataset and tool to simultaneously assess hydropower potential and ecological potential of the Swiss river network (Version 2016)

 Introduction
The steadily growing demand for energy and the simultaneous pursuit of decarbonisation are increasing interest in the expansion of renewable energies worldwide. In Switzerland, various funding projects have been launched to promote technologies in the field of renewable energies and their application as quickly as possible. With the introduction of a funding instrument in 2009, the number of projects submitted to produce renewable energies increased rapidly. The applications for small hydropower plants (≤ 10 MW) were correspondingly numerous. However, the assessment of the environmental impact and its comparison with hydropower importance is still not standardized.
To provide a basis for decision-making, a methodology was developed to determine the overall hydropower potential of a region. A detailed assessment of each river reach, and the systematic and holistic assessment of small hydropower projects at a regional scale are combined here. The assessment of a river reach is conducted at the river space (i.e., the river and adjacent areas) and at the surrounding landscape level. The HYDROpot_integral methodology was developed as part of Carol Hemund's dissertation (2012) at the University of Bern. It allows the evaluation of river reaches holistically, regarding ecological, social, economic and cultural criteria. As a second part of the overall project, the theoretical hydropower (or hydraulic) potential was calculated for the entire river network, which complemnets the spatial assessment. In particular, it is possible to classify river reaches into those that are more suitable for hydropower production (=”use”) and those that are more suitable for protection.

 Material and method
The HYDROpot_Integral method was developed and tested on the basis of cantonal and national data (Hirschi et al. 2013). The method relies on 73 geodata sets. This holistic assessment is the key element of the entire assessment procedure. Its aim is to quantify the importance of the ecosystem functions in terms of services. The river network (GWN07) is divided into reaches of about 450m and for each reach two study units are defined. The river space (RS) records the ecosystem functions of the water body and the nearby riparian area. The length of the RS is 315 m on average in Switzerland and a maximum of 450 m, whereas the width is based on the FOEN definition (BWG 2001: 18f) and varies between 7-107 m. The surrounding landscape (SLS) is the second survey unit that records the ecosystem functions of the surrounding area over a range of 21 m to 321 m. The SLS is calculated over three times the RS width. The length of the SLS is identical to the length of the RS. The ecosystem functions are divided into three types: regulating (service A), cultural (service B) and provisioning (service C) functions. Accordingly, the assessment of the functions is divided into three parts and three values are assigned to each river reach. The more functions there are and the greater their performance, the higher these values are and the more important the corresponding functions are. Hence, these values quantify the importance of the ecosystem functions and the ecological, cultural and economic ecosystem services of each river reach. The concatenation of ecosystem services results in a value (ABC) that can occur in 125 different versions due to the chosen five-level value scale; i.e. each digit of the three-digit number sequence can be assigned a value between 1 and 5. Each of the 125 combinations, and thus each river reach, has its own characteristics determined by the assessments of the three function types. To record the suitability, the combinations are ranked according to their ecological, cultural and economic ecosystem services. These rules mean that the combination that is most suitable for hydropower production at minimum cost in terms of ecological and cultural ecosystem services and has a high economic potential is ranked first; rank 125 indicates the highest ecological and cultural ecosystem services and the lowest economic services and is therefore most suitable for protection. A river reach that is excluded from hydropower use due to legislation, a so-called priority reach, is given rank 126 from the outset and specially marked. A more detailed description of the methods can be found in Hirschi et al. 2013 [Link]. The dataset presented here presents the latest state of the HYDROpot_integral methodology applied at the national level. Only national data that is easily accessible was used in the preparation of the dataset. The cantonal data, such as renaturation and revitalization, would have to be requested by each canton individually and was excluded here. The nationwide value synthesis was made with R.
A list of data sources can be found here [link to text file]
A list of all parameters can be downloaded here [link to PDF and text files]

 Dataset description
Data is presented as a single shapefile. It contains the river network and all assessment results obtained with HYDROpot_Integral.

 Changes in the methodology compared to the original method (Hirschi et. al 2013)

 * RS_A11 Ecomorphology: recorded for the whole of Switzerland and zero values equated with NA;
individual cantons such as Zug and St. Gallen have no mapped values according to the modular
concept of the federal government, Valais and Graubünden only the main valleys, Ticino and Fribourg not
completely (BAFU 2009).
 * RS_A14 Renaturation and revitalization data: not centrally available at the time of data collection.
centrally available, therefore values in GR were equated with NA.
 * RS_A15 Dilution ratio at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for discharges: Zero values
equal to NA.
 * RS_A20 Water flow: use WASTA (2013) with hydroelectric power plants (> 300 kW) under
Federal control and dams serving hydroelectricity (Dam, as of 2013).
 * RS_C05 Synoptic hazard maps: are cantonally managed at the time of data collection,
Values in GR are marked with a 5 so that the systematics in the decision tree is not affected.
is affected.
 * Water quality (RS_A15, RS_A16, RS_A17, RS_A18, RS_A19): for the evaluation of the function type.
A Nature, it is important whether the median of the five values is less than or equal to 3 in total. This
evaluation is based on the decision tree for evaluating GR (Hirschi et al. 2013:22).
Therefore, an evaluation of the station data is made where critical and possible river segments
with poor quality (median less than 3) exist. Only two longer and one short
sections in Switzerland receive a lower median than 3 for water quality.
 * SLS_B06 Visibility: For 99 percent of the river segments (30,733 of 31,062) in the canton of
Bern (2015 reduced version), the landscape area is considered to be visible. Due to this high number
of sections, a large number of viewpoints in the layer of Swisstopo and
the computation time and computability in ArcGIS, the landscape area is classified as generally viewable
(equal to 1).
16 Method
Additional indicators were added (see Appendix B.2):
 * SLS_A21 Dissection
 * SLS_A22 Forest areas
 * SLS_B03 Hiking trails
 * SLS_B10 Residential and vacation homes
 * SLS_B11 Tourist infrastructure
 * SLS_C01 Landfill
 * SLS_C03 Infrastructure
 * SLS_C05 Industry
 * SLS_C06 Agricultural land
Not to be added, although present to some extent:
 * SLS_B06 Cultural assets of national importance: here, too, the calculability of the visibility analysis is
for the whole of Switzerland is limited
 * SLS_A15 Legally binding protection and land use planning: the individual river sections are not
clearly designated, i.e. no geodata exist
The following data are also not supplemented, as they are cantonal data:
 * SLS_A10 Cantonal nature reserves
 * SLS_A16 Forest reserves
 * SLS_A17 Cantonal inventories and contractually protected areas

decision-making

display_name: decision-making

ecosystem-protection

display_name: ecosystem-protection

gis

display_name: gis

hydropower

display_name: hydropower

integral-water-management

display_name: integral-water-management

education

en: Education and science

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.


en: cable-yarding seilaplan digital-planning digital-elevation-model swiss-geodata open-source geoinformation-system qgis-plugin swiss-geo-downloader

en: View video on youtube!

en: Herunterladen des DHM mit SwissGeoDownloader

en:
In order to use the QGIS plugin ‘Seilaplan’ for digital cable line planning, a digital terrain model (DTM) is required. The plugin ‘Swiss Geo Downloader’, which is available for the open source geoinformation software QGIS, allows freely available Swiss geodata to be downloaded and displayed directly within QGIS. It was developed in 2021 by Patricia Moll in collaboration with the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL. In this tutorial we describe how to download the high accuracy elevation model ‘swissALTI3D’ with the help of the ‘Swiss Geo Downloader’ and how to use it for digital planning of a cable line with the plugin ‘Seilaplan’. Please note that the tutorial language is German!

Link to the Swiss Geo Downloader: https://pimoll.github.io/swissgeodownloader

Link to Seilaplan website: https://seilaplan.wsl.ch

*********************

Für die Verwendung des QGIS Plugins Seilaplan zur digitalen Seillinienplanung ist ein digitales Höhenmodell (DHM) nötig. Das Plugin Swiss Geo Downloader, welches für das Open Source Geoinformationssystem QGIS zur Verfügung steht, ermöglicht frei verfügbare Schweizer Geodaten direkt innerhalb von QGIS herunterzuladen und anzuzeigen. Es wurde 2021 von Patricia Moll in Zusammenarbeit mit der eidgenössischen Forschungsanstalt Wald, Schnee und Landschaft WSL entwickelt. In diesem Tutorial beschreiben wir, wie man mit Hilfe des Swiss Geo Downloaders das hochgenaue Höhenmodell swissALTI3D herunterladen und für die Seillinienplanung mit dem Plugin Seilaplan verwenden kann.

Link zum Swiss Geo Downloader: https://pimoll.github.io/swissgeodownloader

Link zur Seilaplan-Webseite: https://seilaplan.wsl.ch

cable-yarding

display_name: cable-yarding

digital-elevation-model

display_name: digital-elevation-model

digital-planning

display_name: digital-planning

geoinformation-system

display_name: geoinformation-system

open-source

display_name: open-source

qgis-plugin

display_name: qgis-plugin

seilaplan

display_name: seilaplan

swiss-geo-downloader

display_name: swiss-geo-downloader

swiss-geodata

display_name: swiss-geodata

en: Seilaplan Tutorial: DTM download with SwissGeoDownloader


soil-respiration-exclosure-experiment

title_for_slug: soil-respiration-exclosure-experiment

en: ungulates grassland subalpine grazing soil-respiration

en: Soil respiration Switzerland

en:
ID: Fence number

Year	:Year of sampling

mean.CO2: soil respiration measured with PP-systems SRC-1 soil respriation chamber attached to a EGM-4 infrared gas analyser; units CO2 g m-2 h-1

Grassland: Grasslands where fences were errected. Note that on large grasslands (STAB, GRIM, MING) 2 pairs of fences were errected (2 in short, 2 in tall-grass vegetation), on small grasslands (DADA, MARG, BOTS) only one pair of fences was errected (1 short-grass; one-tallgrass vegetation)

Fence: Fence number; un-even numbers on short-grass vegetation (1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17), even numbers on tall-grass vegetation (2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18)

Vegetation:	1 = shortgrass vegetation, 2 = tall-grass vegetation (9 replicate fences on each vegetation type)

Treatment	: 1 = all herbivores grazing, 2 = large ungulates (red deer, chamois) excluded

en:
Location of data collection
The Swiss National Park (SNP) is located in the southeastern part of Switzerland, and covers an area of 170 km2, 50 km2 of which is forested, 33 km2 is occupied by alpine and 3 km2 by subalpine grasslands. Elevations range from 1350 to 3170 m a.s.l., and mean annual precipitation and temperature are 871 mm and 0.6°C measured at the Park’s weather station in Buffalora (1980 m a.s.l.) between 1960 and 2009 (MeteoSchweiz 2011). Founded in 1914, the SNP received minimal human disturbance for almost 100 years (no hunting, fishing, or camping, visitors are not allowed to leave the trails). Large (> 1 ha) homogeneous patches of short- and tall-grass vegetation characterize the subalpine grasslands. The average vegetation height of short-grass vegetation is 2 to 5 cm. Red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), quaking grass (Briza media L.) and common bent grass (Agrostis tenuis Sipthrob) are the predominating plant species in this vegetation type. Tussocks of evergreen sedge (Carex sempervirens Vill.) and mat grass (Nardus stricta L.) are predominant in the tall-grass vegetation, which averages 20 cm in vegetation height (Schütz and others 2006). Short-grass vegetation developed in areas where cattle and sheep rested (high nutrient input) during agricultural land-use (from 14th century until 1914); tall-grass vegetation developed in areas where cattle and sheep used to graze, but did not rest (Schütz and others 2003, 2006). Herbivores were shown to consume > 60% of the biomass in short-grass compared to < 20% in tall-grass vegetation (Schütz and others 2006). The herbivore community present in the SNP can be divided into four groups based on body size/weight: large [red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and chamois (Rupricapra rupricapra L.); 30 - 150 kg], medium [marmot (Marmota marmota L.) and snow hare (Lepus timidus L.); 3 – 6 kg], and small vertebrate herbivores (small rodents: e.g. Clethrionomys spp., Microtus spp., Apodemus spp.; 30 – 100 g) as well as invertebrates (e.g. grasshoppers, caterpillars, cicadas, < 5 g).

Experimental design
We selected 18 subalpine grassland sites (9 short-grass, 9 tall-grass vegetation). The sites were spread across the entire park on dolomite parent material at altitudes of 1975 to 2300 meters. At each site we established an exclosure network (fences) in spring 2009 (early June), immediately after snowmelt. Each exclosure network consisted of a total of five 2 × 3 m sized plots that progressively excluded the different herbivores listed above (further labeled according to the herbivore guilds that had access to the respective plots “All”, “Marmot/Mice/Invertebrates”, “Mice/Invertebrates”, “Invertebrates”, “None”). The “All” treatment was thus accessible to all herbivores, was not fenced and was located at least 5 m away from a 2.1 m tall and 7 × 9 m main fence that enclosed the other four treatments. This fence was constructed of 10 × 10 cm wooden posts and electrical equestrian tape (AGRARO ECO, Landi, Bern, Switzerland; 20 mm width) mounted at 0.7 m, 0.95 m, 1.2 m, 1.5 m and 2.1 m above the ground that were connected to a solar charged battery (AGRARO Sunpower S250, Landi, Bern, Switzerland). We also mounted non-electrically charged equestrian tape at 0.5 m to help exclude deer and chamois, yet allow marmots and hares to enter safely. Within each main fenced area we randomly established four 2 × 3 m plots: (1) The “Marmot/Mice/Invertebrates” plot remained unfenced, thus, with the exception of red deer and chamois, all herbivores were able to access the plot, (2) The “Mice/Invertebrates” plot consisted of a 90 cm high electric sheep fence (AGRARO Weidezaunnetz ECO, Landi, Bern, Switzerland; mesh size 10 × 10 cm) connected to the solar panel and excluded all medium sized mammals (marmots, hares), but provided access for small mammals and invertebrates, (3) The “Invertebrates” plot provided access for invertebrates only and was surrounded by 1 m high metal mesh (Hortima AG, Hausen, Schweiz; mesh size 2 × 2 cm), (4) The “None” plot was surrounded by a 1 m tall mosquito net (Sala Ferramenta AG, Biasca, Switzerland; mesh size 1.5 × 2 mm) to exclude all herbivores. This plot was covered with a roof constructed of a wooden frame lined with mosquito mesh that was mounted on the wooden corner posts. We also treated this plot with a biocompatible insecticide (Clean kill original, Eco Belle GmbH, Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany) when needed to remove insects that might have entered during data collection or that hatched from the soil.

!!! The here published data set only contains data for “All”, and “Marmot/Mice/Invertebrates” (= ungulates excluded) plots !!!

Data collection
In-situ soil CO2 emissions were measured with a PP-Systems SRC-1 soil respiration chamber (closed circuit) attached to a PP-Systems EGM-4 infrared gas analyzer (PP-Systems, Amesbury, MA, USA) on two randomly selected locations on one subplot within each of the 90 plots. For each measurement the soil chamber (15 cm high; 10 cm diameter) was placed on a permanently installed PVC collar (10 cm diameter) driven five centimeters into the soil at the beginning of the study (June 2009). The measurements were conducted between 0900 and 1700 hours every two weeks from early to early September 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2013. Freshly germinated plants growing within the PVC collars were removed prior to each measurement to avoid measuring plant respiration/photosynthesis. The two measurements collected per plot every two weeks were averaged.

Please acknowledge the funding of the study: funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, SNF grant-no 31003A_122009/1 to Anita C. Risch, Martin Schütz and Flurin Filli

grassland

display_name: grassland

grazing

display_name: grazing

soil-respiration

display_name: soil-respiration

subalpine

display_name: subalpine

ungulates

display_name: ungulates

en: Soil respiration - exclosure experiment


en: groundwater runoff stable-water-isotopes streamflow alptal

en: Deuterium streamwater extra event

en:
This data is collected at the Studibach catchment (Alptal, Switzerland) by Leonie Kiewiet (University of Zürich)
For any questions about the data, please contact leonie.kiewiet@geo.uzh.ch or leoniekiewiet@gmail.com

datetime: Date and time of sample collection (UTC; year-month-day, hours:minutes)
Q d.D: Deuterium composition (per mil) of streamwater sampled at the catchment outlet (697234,210472); the first sample is used as pre-event streamflow sample

en: Deuterium groundwater and baseflow August 2017

en:
This data is collected at the Studibach catchment (Alptal, Switzerland) by Leonie Kiewiet (University of Zürich)
For any questions about the data, please contact leonie.kiewiet@geo.uzh.ch or leoniekiewiet@gmail.com

Date: Date (year-month-day)
Location: Well number or outlet
X: X coordinate (CH1903 LV03)
Y: Y coordinate (CH1903 LV03)
riparian: riparian wells (i.e. from the riparian-like cluster as presented in Kiewiet et al. (2019)) are marked a one, all other wells are marked a zero
d.D (per mil): Deuterium composition (per mil)

en: Precipitation and discharge event A

en:
This data is collected at the Studibach catchment (Alptal, Switzerland) by Leonie Kiewiet (University of Zürich)
With any questions about the data, please contact leonie.kiewiet@geo.uzh.ch or leoniekiewiet@gmail.com

datetime: Date (year-month-day) and time (hours:minutes:seconds) in UTC
Q: Discharge in mm per hour at catchment outlet (697234,210472)
P: Rainfall in mm per hour averaged for two rain gauges (697494,210675) and (698004, 210680)

en: Deuterium streamwater event B

en: Deuterium groundwater and baseflow October 2017

en: Deuterium rainfall event A

en:
This data is collected at the Studibach catchment (Alptal, Switzerland) by Leonie Kiewiet (University of Zürich)
For any questions about the data, please contact leonie.kiewiet@geo.uzh.ch or leoniekiewiet@gmail.com

datetime: Date (year-month-day) and time (hours:minutes:seconds) in UTC
P d.D: Deuterium composition of the rainfall samples (per mil)
X: X coordinate (CH1903 LV03)
Y: Y coordinate (CH1903 LV03)

en: Precipitation and discharge event B

en: Deuterium streamwater event C

en: Deuterium rainfall extra event

en: Deuterium rainfall event C

en: Deuterium streamwater event A

en: Precipitation and discharge event C

en: Precipitation and discharge extra event

en: Deuterium groundwater and baseflow October 2016

en: Deuterium rainfall event B

en:
This dataset includes discharge and rainfall measurements and deuterium compositions of streamflow, rainfall and groundwater, for four rainfall events and three baseflow snapshot campaigns in the Studibach (Alptal, Switzerland). More specifically, we present the following data:

- Specific discharge at the catchment outlet at 5-minute resolution (mm per hour);
- Rainfall at 5-minute resolution (mm per hour);
- Rainfall deuterium composition (‰);
- Stormflow deuterium composition (‰);
- Groundwater and baseflow deuterium compositions (‰).

For the files containing rainfall and discharge timeseries (QP), and rainfall and streamwater deuterium compositions ("Deuterium_Rainfall" and "Deuterium_Streamwater"), we added the corresponding event identifier (A, B, C or extra) to the file names. For the files containing the groundwater and baseflow deuterium values ("Deuterium_Snapshot") we added the sample collection date to the file name. We included the X and Y coordinates for each data point (coordinate system: CH1903 LV3) as well as the date and time (UTC).

More information on the data collection and preparation can be found in Kiewiet et al. (in review). A detailed description of the baseflow snapshot campaigns can also be found in Kiewiet et al., 2019.

alptal

display_name: alptal

en: Discharge, rainfall, and deuterium compositions of streamwater, rainwater and groundwater, for four rainfall events in the Studibach, Alptal, Switzerland


maintainer: Tessa Hegetschweiler

en: forest recreational-activities adolescents teenagers childhood

en: Questionnaire school survey

en: The questionnaire used in the survey at 8 schools aimed at teenagers in German.

en: Dataset survey at schools

en: The dataset of the questionnaire survey at schools in excel format.

en: Survey at schools 2017

en: The dataset of the questionnaire survey at schools in SPSS-format.

en: Dataset comments

en: The codebook to the dataset

en: The data results from a questionnaire survey conducted at 8 schools in the cantons Zurich, Aargau and St. Gallen. Respondents aged 13-22 years. The aim of the survey was to gain insight into teenagers' relationship to the forest, reasons for visiting or not visiting the forest and activities in the forest.

adolescents

display_name: adolescents

childhood

display_name: childhood

forest

display_name: forest

recreational-activities

display_name: recreational-activities

teenagers

display_name: teenagers

education

en: Education and science

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Factors influencing teenagers' forest visit frequency


en: alpine3d lee-side-flow-field preferential-deposition lidar tls

en: Dataset

media_type: ZIP

en:
The data presented here corresponds to the publication "A Close-Ridge Small-Scale Atmospheric Flow Field and its Influence on Snow Accumulation" (Gerber et al., 2017), which investigates an eddy-like structure in the vicinity of the Sattelhorn in the Dischma valley (Davos Switzerland) and its influence on snow accumulation. The dataset contains:

* Alpine3D: Alpine3D snow depth grids (25 m resolution) for two simulations with and without snow redistribution.
* ARPS: 10 ARPS simulations (25 m horizontal resolution) with different model setups (wind direction, wind speed, stability).
* LiDAR: Processed LiDAR PPI (D2_PPI_1h) and RHI (D2_cross_1h) across the valley with a hourly resolution for the period 27 October 2015 01:00 - 29 October 2015c 21:00 (spatial resolution: 25 m).
* meteostations-dischma: Meteorological station data of two meteorological stations in the Dischma valley with 10 minute resolution for the period 28 October 2015 - 30 October 2015.
* TLS: Snow depth change data (m) between 28 October 2015 and 30 October 2015 based on terrestrial laser scans.

For more details about the simulation and observation data, see Gerber et al., 2017.

Publication: Gerber et al., 2017: A Close-Ridge Small-Scale Atmospheric Flow Field and its Influence on Snow Accumulation, submitted to JGR - Atmospheres.

lee-side-flow-field

display_name: lee-side-flow-field

lidar

display_name: lidar

preferential-deposition

display_name: preferential-deposition

tls

display_name: tls

en: DISCHMEX - Observations and simulations of the close-ridge small-scale atmospheric flow field and snow accumulation at Sattelhorn, Dischma valley, Davos, Switzerland.


en: 18o snow stable-water-isotope advection metamorphism

en: Read-me

en: A short description of the data contained in the zipped-file. Recommended for reading before downloading the dataset.

en: Data files and read-me

en: raw data and micro-CT data available from contacts

en:
Stable water isotopes (δ18O) obtained from snow and ice samples of polar regions are used to reconstruct past climate variability, but heat and mass transport processes can affect the isotopic composition. Here we present an experimental study on the effect on the snow isotopic composition by airflow through a snow pack in controlled laboratory conditions. The influence of isothermal and controlled temperature gradient conditions on the δ18O content in the snow and interstitial water vapor is elucidated. The observed disequilibrium between snow and vapor isotopes led to exchange of isotopes between snow and vapor under non-equilibrium processes, significantly changing the δ18O content of the snow. The type of metamorphism of the snow had a significant influence on this process.
Ebner, P. P., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Stenni, B., Schneebeli, M., and Steinfeld, A.: Experimental observation of transient δ18O interaction between snow and advective airflow under various temperature gradient conditions, The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2017-16, accepted, 2017.

advection

display_name: advection

metamorphism

display_name: metamorphism

snow

display_name: snow

stable-water-isotope

display_name: stable-water-isotope

en: Experiments on stable water isotopes,  snow metamorphism, and advection


en: tls polar sea-ice sea-ice-elevation terrestrial-laser-scans

en: Link to post-processed TLS’s of Antarctic sea ice

en: Post Processed TLS's

en: Compressed dat files

en: Data processing documentation

media_type: DOC

en:
This dataset comprises of a post-processed set of terrestrial laser scans (TLS’s) of Antarctic sea ice obtained during the Sea Ice Physics and Ecosystem Experiment-2 (SIPEX-2, http://seaice.acecrc.org.au/sipex2012/) in September-November 2012. The post-processing steps include the registration of the individual scans into a single 3-dimensional point cloud, the removal of unwanted noise caused by particles in the air (i.e., snow crystals), and the final generation of surface grids based on the cleaned individual point returns. The final product includes the ‘xyz’ coordinates of the individual point measurements, and gridded surfaces covering study areas of 100m x 100 m, and at resolutions of 0.01 m, 0.1 m, 0.25 m, 0.5 m and 1 m for each of the survey dates. Additionally, subgrid statistics that include the mean elevation, standard deviation, minimum and maximum elevations, range, and number of point returns in each gridcell are generated. The final product is provided in space-delimited text files, with the surface grids provided in Digital Terrain Model (DTM) format ready for visualization in any GIS software.

How to cite:
Please also cite the original publication when using this data set.: Trujillo, E., K. Leonard, T. Maksym, and M. Lehning (2016), Changes in snow distribution and surface topography following a snowstorm on Antarctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 121, doi:[10.1002/2016JF003893](https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JF003893).

polar

display_name: polar

sea-ice

display_name: sea-ice

sea-ice-elevation

display_name: sea-ice-elevation

terrestrial-laser-scans

display_name: terrestrial-laser-scans

en: High resolution sea ice surface topography from the SIPEX-2 expedition, East Antarctica, 2012


maintainer: Sven-Eric Hopf

en: monitoring iap ash-dieback fraxinus forest

en: Monitoring of ash trees as part of the Intercantonal Forest Observation Programme

media_type: .pdf

en: Packgroun information on data for the publication: Spread and Severity of Ash Dieback in Switzerland – Tree Characteristics and Landscape Features Explain Varying Mortality Probability, (Klesse et al. 2021, Front. For. Glob. Change 4:645920., doi: 10.3389/ffgc.2021.645920)

en:
In 2013, the Institute for Applied Plant Biology (IAP) started a monitoring programme to study the development and the spatial variation of the ash dieback disease with the aim to find some partially resistant European ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior).
We collaborate as co-authors for the publication: Spread and Severity of Ash Dieback in Switzerland - Tree Characteristics and Landscape Features Explain Varying Mortality Probability (Klesse et al. 2021 in frontiers)

ash-dieback

display_name: ash-dieback

fraxinus

display_name: fraxinus

iap

display_name: iap

monitoring

display_name: monitoring

education

en: Education and science

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.


en: snow natural-hazard avalanche satellite hazard-mapping

en: SPOT6 Avalanche outlines 24 January 2018

en: Shapefile of the manually mapped avalanche outlines. Please only use this data together with the example key document provided with this dataset.

en:
Outlines of 18'737 avalanches mapped from SPOT6 satellite data over the Swiss Alps on 24 January 2018. The outlines have different attributes described in the data example key (ExampleKey_AvalMapping.pdf)

The generation of the data is described in:

Bühler, Y., E. D. Hafner, B. Zweifel, M. Zesiger, and H. Heisig (2019), Where are the avalanches? Rapid SPOT6 satellite data acquisition to map an extreme avalanche period over the Swiss Alps, The Cryosphere, 13(12), 3225-3238, doi:10.5194/tc-13-3225-2019.

Abstract.
Accurate and timely information on avalanche occurrence are key for avalanche warning, crisis management and avalanche documentation. Today such information is mainly available at isolated locations provided by observers in the field. The achieved reliability considering accuracy, completeness and reliability of the reported avalanche events is limited. In this study we present the spatial continuous mapping of a large avalanche period in January 2018 covering the majority of the Swiss Alps (12’500 km2).

We tested different satellite sensors available for rapid mapping during a first avalanche period. Based on these experiences, we tasked SPOT6/7 data for data acquisition to cover the second, much larger avalanche period. We manually mapped the outlines of 18’737 individual avalanche events, applying image enhancement techniques to analyze regions in cast shadow as well as brightly illuminated ones. The resulting dataset of mapped avalanche outlines, having a unique completeness and reliability, is evaluated to produce maps of avalanche occurrence and avalanche size. We validated the mapping of the avalanche outlines using photographs acquired from helicopters just after the avalanche period.

This study demonstrates the applicability of optical, very high spatial resolution satellite data to map an exceptional avalanche period with very high completeness, accuracy and reliability over a large region. The generated avalanche data is of great value to validate avalanche bulletins, complete existing avalanche databases and for research applications by enabling meaningful statistics on important avalanche parameters.

Koordinate System: CH1903+ LV95 LN02

avalanche

display_name: avalanche

hazard-mapping

display_name: hazard-mapping

natural-hazard

display_name: natural-hazard

satellite

display_name: satellite


en: raclets wind wind-direction wind-velocity anemometer wind-speed

en: Sonic wind component w

en:
The data contains values for w direction of the wind in a sampling frequency of 20 Hz.
Erroneour spikes were filterd in two steps.

1. Define moving window uₓ = u(i-3:i+3)
2. If u(i)-mean(uₓ) > 2*std(uₓ):u(i) = NaN

Frozen detectors resulted in continuous zero values (not filtered).
The wind speed and direction were calculated as follows:

wind speed = sqrt(u² + v²)
wind direction = 180° + (180° / PI)* arctan2 (-u, -v)

en: Sonic wind component v

media_type: npy

en:
The data contains values for v direction of the wind in a sampling frequency of 20 Hz.
Erroneour spikes were filterd in two steps.

1. Define moving window uₓ = u(i-3:i+3)
2. If u(i)-mean(uₓ) > 2*std(uₓ):u(i) = NaN

Frozen detectors resulted in continuous zero values (not filtered).
The wind speed and direction were calculated as follows:

wind speed = sqrt(u² + v²)
wind direction = 180° + (180° / PI)* arctan2 (-u, -v)

en: Sonic temperature

en: The data set contains values of temperature (°C) measured with the anemometer at a sampling frequency of 20 Hz.

en: Sonic wind component u

en:
The data contains values for u direction of the wind in a sampling frequency of 20 Hz.
Erroneour spikes were filterd in two steps.

1. Define moving window uₓ = u(i-3:i+3)
2. If u(i)-mean(uₓ) > 2*std(uₓ):u(i) = NaN

Frozen detectors resulted in continuous zero values (not filtered).
The wind speed and direction were calculated as follows:

wind speed = sqrt(u² + v²)
wind direction = 180° + (180° / PI)* arctan2 (-u, -v)

en: Sonic time

en: The data set contains the time in YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS.sss for the anemometer data. The time is given in UTC+1.

en: A Young 81000 sonic anemomenter was deployed at Gotschnagrat (LON: 46.859 LAT: 9.849) to record three components of the wind velocity (u, v, w in [m s‾ ¹]) and air temperature (Ts in [°C]). The anemomenter was mounted in direction North at a height of 1.5 m above snow surface at the beginning. The time within each data set is given in UTC+1. Instrument specifications can be found [here](http://www.youngusa.com/Manuals/81000-90(I).pdf) .

anemometer

display_name: anemometer

raclets

display_name: raclets

wind

display_name: wind

wind-direction

display_name: wind-direction

wind-speed

display_name: wind-speed

wind-velocity

display_name: wind-velocity

en: Snow Drift Station - 3D Ultrasonic


en: mass-flux snowmicropen antarctica meteorological-data terrestrial-laser-scanning drifting-snow

en: Dataset

media_type: Link

en: Links to the dataset

en: README

en: Describes the dataset in detail

en:
This dataset contains the data acquired during the expedition to Princess Elisabeth Antarctica Station in December 2016 and January 2017. The dataset consits of meterorological data, drifting snow mass flux data, SnowMicroPen data and Terrestrial Laser Scanning data.

Please refer to the README for more information about the data.

This dataset is the basis of the following publication:

Sommer, C. G., Wever, N., Fierz, C., and Lehning, M.: Wind-packing of snow in Antarctica, The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-36, in review, 2018.

antarctica

display_name: antarctica

drifting-snow

display_name: drifting-snow

mass-flux

display_name: mass-flux

meteorological-data

display_name: meteorological-data

snowmicropen

display_name: snowmicropen

terrestrial-laser-scanning

display_name: terrestrial-laser-scanning

education

en: Education and science

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Expedition to Princess Elisabeth Antarctica Station, 2016/2017


maintainer: Joan Casanelles Abella

en: cavity-nesting-bees paris tartu poznan zurich trap-nest dna-metabarcoding urban-ecology hylaeus-communis osmia-cornuta chelostoma-florisomne osmia-bicornis antwerp plant-pollinator-interactions

en: Larval food composition

media_type: CSV

en: Explanation data variables

en: Urbanization poses threats and opportunities for the biodiversity of wild bees. A main gap relates to the food preferences of wild bees in urban ecosystems, which usually harbour large numbers of plant species, particularly at the larval stage. This data sets describes the larval food of four wild bee species (i.e. Chelostoma florisomne, Hylaeus communis, Osmica bicornis and Osmia cornuta) and three genera (i.e. Chelostoma sp., Hylaeus sp, and Osmia sp.) common in urban areas in five different European cities (i.e. Antwerp, Paris, Poznan, Tartu and Zurich). This data results from a European-level study aimed at understanding the effects of urbanization on biodiversity across different cities and citiscapes, and a Swiss project aimed at understanding the effects of urban ecosystems in wild bee feeding behaviour. Wild bees were sampled using standardized trap-nests in 80 sites (32 in Zurich and 12 in each of the remaining cities), selected following a double gradient of available habitat at local and landscape scales. Larval pollen was obtained from the bee nests and identified using DNA metabarconding. The data provides the plant composition at the species or genus level of the different bee nests of the studied species in the studied sites of the five European cities. For Hylaeus communis, this is the first study in reporting larval food composition.

antwerp

display_name: antwerp

cavity-nesting-bees

display_name: cavity-nesting-bees

chelostoma-florisomne

display_name: chelostoma-florisomne

dna-metabarcoding

display_name: dna-metabarcoding

hylaeus-communis

display_name: hylaeus-communis

osmia-bicornis

display_name: osmia-bicornis

osmia-cornuta

display_name: osmia-cornuta

paris

display_name: paris

plant-pollinator-interactions

display_name: plant-pollinator-interactions

poznan

display_name: poznan

tartu

display_name: tartu

trap-nest

display_name: trap-nest

urban-ecology

display_name: urban-ecology

zurich

display_name: zurich

en: Larval food composition of four wild bee species in five European cities


maintainer: Lisa Hülsmann

en: tree-growth empirical-mortality-models forest-reserves inventory-data tree-mortality

en: Calibration data

en:
A set of three consecutive inventories was used to generate records for the calibration of mortality models based on trees that were alive in the first and second inventory and either dead or alive in the third inventory.

 Meta data
Reserve: Name of the forest reserve

Plot: Permanent plot number

 Tree data
Species: Latin species name (or species group, cf. _Quercus_ spp.)

y: Status of the tree with 0 = alive and 1 = dead

dt: Length of the mortality period (years)

DBH: Diameter at breast height (mm) of the second inventory

relBAI: Annual relative basal area increment (-) calculated based on the first and the second DBH measurement as the compound annual growth rate of the trees basal area

 Stand data
_All stand variables were calculated for the second inventory._

mDBH: Mean diameter at breast height (mm)

iqrDBH: Interquartile range of diameter at breast height (mm)

BA: Basal area per hectare (m2 ha-1)

N: Number of trees per hectare (ha-1)

 Climate data
_Both climate variables were calculated for the period between the second and the third inventory._

P: Mean annual precipitation sum (mm)

mT: Mean annual air temperature (°C)

en:
The dataset comprises > 90 000 records from inventories in 54 strict forest reserves in [Switzerland](https://www.wsl.ch/de/wald/biodiversitaet-naturschutz-urwald/naturwaldreservate.html) and [Lower Saxony / Germany](http://naturwaelder.de/) along a considerable environmental gradient. It was used to develop parsimonious, species-specific mortality models for 18 European tree species based on tree size and growth as well as additional covariates on stand structure and climate.

 Inventory data
Measurements had been conducted repeatedly on up to 14 permanent plots per reserve for up to 60 years with re-measurement intervals of 4 - 27 years. The permanent plots vary in size between 0.03 and 3.47 ha. The inventories provide diameter measurements at breast height (DBH) and information on the species and status (alive or dead) of trees with DBH ≥ 4 cm for Switzerland and ≥ 7 cm for Germany.

 Data selection
We excluded three permanent plots where at least 80 % of the trees died during an interval of 10 years, and mortality could be clearly assigned to a disturbance agent. Mortality in the remaining stands was rather low, with a mean annual mortality rate of 1.5 % and strong variation between plots from 0 to 6.5 % (assessed for trees of all species with DBH ≥ 7 cm).
We only used data from permanent plots with at least 20 trees per species to obtain reliable plot-level mortality rates even for species with low mortality rates (about 5 % during 10 years), and selected tree species occurring on at least 10 plots to cover sufficient ecological gradients. This led to a dataset of 197 permanent plots and 18 tree or shrub species: _Abies alba_ Mill., _Acer campestre_ L., _Acer pseudoplatanus_ L., _Alnus incana_ Moench., _Betula pendula_ Roth, _Carpinus betulus_ L., _Cornus mas_ L., _Corylus avellana_ L., _Fagus sylvatica_ L., _Fraxinus excelsior_ L., _Picea abies_ (L.) Karst, _Pinus mugo_ Turra, _Pinus sylvestris_ L., _Quercus pubescens_ Willd., _Quercus_ spp. (_Q. petraea_ Liebl. and _Q. robur_ L.; not properly differentiated in the Swiss inventories), _Sorbus aria_ Crantz, _Tilia cordata_ Mill. and _Ulmus glabra_ Huds..

 Predictors of tree mortality
We considered tree size and growth as key indicators for mortality risk. Radial stem growth between the first and second inventory and DBH at the second inventory were used to predict tree status (alive or dead) at the third inventory. To this end, the annual relative basal area increment (relBAI) was calculated as the compound annual growth rate of the trees basal area. Additional covariates on stand structure and climate comprise mean annual precipitation sum (P), mean annual air temperature (mT), the mean and the interquartile range of DBH (mDBH, iqrDBH), basal area (BA) and the number of trees (N) per hectare.

 Further information
For further information, refer to Hülsmann _et al_. (in press) How to kill a tree – Empirical mortality models for eighteen species and their performance in a dynamic forest model. _Ecological Applications_.

empirical-mortality-models

display_name: empirical-mortality-models

forest-reserves

display_name: forest-reserves

inventory-data

display_name: inventory-data

tree-growth

display_name: tree-growth

tree-mortality

display_name: tree-mortality

en: Calibration data for empirical mortality models of 18 European tree species


maintainer: Axel Volkwein

en: field-data experiment field-test field-tests rockfall impact-testing natural-hazard experiments mass-movements rockfall-experiments

en: Raw data (high speed videos, acceleration measurements, laboratory tests)

en:
This file contains

* the high speed videos showing the concrete blocks impacting the gallery roof.
* the raw data of the acceleration measurements
* the data of Tiefbauamt Graubünden containg the tension tests of gallery reinforcment, ME-testing the cushion layer and the tests on concrete samples.

en: Acceleration measurements

en: The zip file contains five excel files, one for each test conducted. The first sheet contains the raw data and a data set that went through a low-pass filter. The sheet "Allgemein" contains calibration factors for the sensors and time details of a test. The sheets "DiaDaten" and "DiaDatenGefiltert" show the measurements over time. The block and slab kinetics are determined in the sheets "ZeitintegrationBlock" and "ZeitintegrationPlatte". The sheet "VergleichBeschleunigungen" shows the influence of the low-pass-filter and a running average filter on the block accelerations.

en: Video analysis

en: The zip contains five Excel-files that in turn contain the results of the performed video analyses. The sheet "Daten" contains the pixels of different positions on the blocks that were tracked by the software "Kinovea". The sheet "Auswertung" determines the block kinetics based on the pixel data over time.

en: Five full-scale field tests were conducted with concrete blocks weighting between 800 and 3200 kg being dropped onto the roof of a gallery structure made from reinforced concrete. The impacts were recorded using high-speed video and acceleration measurements at the falling blocks. The dataset contains the raw data as well as the analyses of the block trajectories, i.e. kinetics and dynamics. Setup of the measurements and the analyses conducted are published in Volkwein, A. "Durchführung und Auswertung von Steinschlagversuchen auf eine Stahlbetongalerie", WSL-Berichte, Heft 68, 2018.

experiment

display_name: experiment

experiments

display_name: experiments

field-data

display_name: field-data

field-test

display_name: field-test

field-tests

display_name: field-tests

impact-testing

display_name: impact-testing

mass-movements

display_name: mass-movements

natural-hazard

display_name: natural-hazard

rockfall

display_name: rockfall

rockfall-experiments

display_name: rockfall-experiments

en: Rockfall gallery testing Parde 2016


maintainer: Matthias Haeni

en: long-term swiss-forest-lab meteorology par meteo temperature relative-humidity precipitation wind-speed climate-change

en: Site photo of the field station (CLF)

media_type: image/jpeg

en: Site phote of the field station from the side.

mimetype: image/jpeg

en: Data plot of the forest station (CLB)

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

en: Site photo of the forest station (CLB)

en: Site photo of the forest station from below (viewing upwards the slope).

en: Site aerial photo (Celerina)

en: Site aerial photo from both Celerina stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Celerina stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Data plot of the field station (CLF)

en: Data file.

en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Celerina in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural coniferous forest stand (CLB) with Swiss pine (_Pinus cembra_; 210-250 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, CLF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Celerina is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

long-term

display_name: long-term

meteo

display_name: meteo

meteorology

display_name: meteorology

par

display_name: par

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

relative-humidity

display_name: relative-humidity

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

temperature

display_name: temperature

wind-speed

display_name: wind-speed

education

en: Education and science

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Celerina, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards


maintainer: Marcus Schaub

en: dbh lwf crown-condition tree-species drought tree scots-pine forest diameter-at-breast-height irrigation swiss-forest-lab

en: Site photo 2

media_type: JPEG

en: Shapefile	of measurement location

media_type: URL

en: Long-term Irrigation	Experiment Pfynwald homepage

media_type: text/html

format: HTML

mimetype: text/html

en: Swiss Forest Health Inventory

en: Dataset

media_type: XLSX

en: Site photo 1

en: Site photo 3

en: To study the performance of mature Scots pine (_Pinus sylvestris_ L.) under chronic drought conditions in comparison to their immediate physiological response to drought release, a controlled long-term and large-scale irrigation experiment has been set up in 2003. The experiment is located in a xeric mature Scots pine forest in the Pfynwald (46° 18' N, 7° 36' E, 615 m a.s.l.) in one of the driest inner-Alpine valleys of the European Alps, the Valais (mean annual temperature: 9.2°C, annual precipitation sum: 657 mm, both 1961-1990). Tree age is on average 100 years, the top height is 10.8 m and the stand density is 730 stems ha-1 with a basal area of 27.3 m2 ha-1. The forest is described as _Erico Pinetum sylvestris_ and the soil is a shallow pararendzina characterized by low water retention. The experimental site (1.2 ha; 800 trees) is split up into eight plots of 1'000 m2 each. During April-October, irrigation is applied on four randomly selected plots with sprinklers of 1 m height at night using water from an adjacent water channel. The amount of irrigation corresponds to a supplementary rainfall of 700 mm year-1. Trees in the other four plots grow under naturally dry conditions. Soil moisture has been monitored since the beginning of the project at 3 soil depths (10, 20 and 60 cm). The crown condition of each tree is being assessed each year since 2003. Tree measurement data such as diameter at breast height, tree height, and social status were assessed in 2002, 2009 and 2014. The duration of the irrigation experiment is planned for 20 years.

crown-condition

display_name: crown-condition

dbh

display_name: dbh

diameter-at-breast-height

display_name: diameter-at-breast-height

drought

display_name: drought

forest

display_name: forest

irrigation

display_name: irrigation

lwf

display_name: lwf

scots-pine

display_name: scots-pine

tree

display_name: tree

tree-species

display_name: tree-species

en: Tree measurements 2002-2016 from the long-term irrigation experiment Pfynwald, Switzerland


intratrait

maintainer: Christian Rixen

title_for_slug: intratrait

en: cold-adapted-plants elevation-gradient climate-change elevation-range plant-traits neighbour-interactions

media_type: R

en: Plant trait data along elevation gradients on mountains

en:
This data set was used to test whether species specialized to high elevations or with narrow elevational ranges show more conservative (i.e. less variable) trait responses across their elevational distribution, or in response to neighbours, than species from lower elevations or with wider elevational ranges. We did so by studying intraspecific trait variation of 66 species along 40 elevational gradients in four countries (Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, China) in both hemispheres. As an indication of potential neighbour interactions that could drive trait variation, we also analysed plant species’ height ratio, its height relative to its nearest neighbour.
The following traits and parameters were measured and are available in this data set:
As an indication of plant stature, we measured vegetative and generative height, where vegetative height was distance from soil to highest vegetative leaf and generative height was distance to the highest point on the reproductive shoot. As a measure of reproductive investment, we noted the presence of flowers on the randomly chosen individuals (see below). As a measure of individual and genet basal area, we measured individual plant and patch diameters, in two dimensions (along the largest diameter and perpendicular to it). In clonal plant species, plant diameter was equivalent to an individual rosette, whereas patch diameter referred to the whole genet and could represent the size of a tuft, tussock or cushion. For genera with more singular growth forms (e.g., some Gentiana species) plant and patch diameter were the same. The two diameter measurements were made at right angles, allowing estimates of patch and plant areas to be calculated as an ellipse (i.e., area = 0.5 a 0.5 b Π). All traits were measured on ten randomly selected individuals per site. Flower count data was considered in a binary fashion on a per individual basis (because for some species individuals only produce one flower when flowering) so that the presence or absence of flower(s) was a nominal value between 0 and 10 for each species at each site. We then collected at least three leaves (up to 30 for small and light leaves) from each of the first three individuals selected from each species for determination of leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and specific leaf area (SLA). For calculations of LDMC and SLA, fresh leaves were scanned on a flatbed scanner to determine leaf area. Leaves were then weighed on a balance to a precision of +/- 0.001g, prior to being air dried and reweighed with a balance to a precision of +/- 0.0001g. LDMC was calculated by dividing dry leaf mass by fresh leaf mass. SLA was calculated by dividing leaf area by dry leaf mass. Additionally, within an area of 10 cm diameter around the target individual, we determined the tallest neighbouring species and measured its vegetative and generative height, and estimated the percent cover of the target species, other vegetation, rock, and bare soil.
For more details see Rixen et al. 2022, Journal of Ecology.

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

cold-adapted-plants

display_name: cold-adapted-plants

elevation-gradient

display_name: elevation-gradient

elevation-range

display_name: elevation-range

neighbour-interactions

display_name: neighbour-interactions

plant-traits

display_name: plant-traits

en: intratrait


en: temperature relative-humidity wind-speed meteo meteorology swiss-forest-lab long-term climate-change par precipitation

en: Site aerial photo (Beatenberg)

en: Site aerial photo from both Beatenberg stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Beatenberg stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Field station data (BAF)

media_type: text/csv

en: Data file.

en: Forest station data (BAB)

en: Data plot of the forest station (BAB)

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

en: Site photo of the forest station (BAB)

en: Site photo of the forest station from below (viewing upwards the slope).

en: Data plot of the field station (BAF)

en: Site photo of the field station (BAF)

en: Site photo of the field station from below (viewing upwards the slope).

en:
High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Beatenberg in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural coniferous forest (BAB) with Norway spruce (_Picea abies_; 190-210 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, BAF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Beatenberg is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

long-term

display_name: long-term

meteo

display_name: meteo

meteorology

display_name: meteorology

par

display_name: par

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

relative-humidity

display_name: relative-humidity

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

temperature

display_name: temperature

wind-speed

display_name: wind-speed

education

en: Education and science

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Beatenberg, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards