greenland-shrubs-and-microclimate

maintainer: Nathalie Chardon

title_for_slug: greenland-shrubs-and-microclimate

en: sdm climate accessible-shrub-forest field-data arctic validation

en: GitLab Repository

media_type: .zip

en: Zip drive of GitLab repository contents (https://gitlab.com/nathaliechardon/gl_microclim).

en: Nuup Kangerlua

en:
 Collected July-August 2011-2013 (PI: Jacob Nabe-Nielsen)

These data collected July-August 2011-2013 (PI: Jacob Nabe-Nielsen). Please contact J. Nabe-Nielsen (jnn_at_ecos.au.dk) to request access to data on all surveyed shrub species. Available here are only data used in Chardon et al. 2022.

 COLUMN ABBREVIATIONS

 Metadata for 90 m spatial grid

year: sampling year

alt: average altitude of grid as recorded during field surveys [m]

long: WGS84 longitude

lat: WGS84 latitude

x_stere: longitude in Polar Stereographic (EPSG 4326)

y_stere: latitude in Polar Stereographic (EPSG 4326)

 Species presence [1] or absence [0] at grid level

pa_bena: _Betula nana_

pa_sagl: _Salix glauca_

 Shrub species cover (calculated from pin hits in 0.7 x 0.7 m frame, based on total of 25 hits) [%]

cov_bena: _Betula nana_ cover

cov_sagl: _Salix glauca_ cover

 Downscaled climate (time series 1984 – 2013)

tempjja: average maximum June-August temperature [ºC]

tempmax: yearly maximum temperature [ºC]

tempmin: yearly minimum temperature [ºC]

tempcont: yearly maximum – minimum temperature [ºC]

precipmam: cumulative March-May precipitation [mm]

precipjja: cumulative June-August precipitation [mm]

insoljja: average June-August insolation [MJ cm-2 yr-1]

 Topography and terrain wetness (calculated from)

twi: SAGA wetness index (MEaSUREs Greenland Ice Mapping Project Digital Elevation Model v. 1; Howat et al., 2014, 2015)

slope: slope angle (MEaSUREs Greenland Ice Mapping Project Digital Elevation Model v. 1; Howat et al., 2014, 2015) [º]

asp: aspect (MEaSUREs Greenland Ice Mapping Project Digital Elevation Model v. 1; Howat et al., 2014, 2015) [º]

tcws: Tasseled Cap Wetness component (Sentinal images)

 Community characteristics

rich: shrub species richness averaged across pin-point frames per grid

shan: Shannon diversity (‘vegan’ package; Oksanen et al. 2019)

comp_bena: shrub competition on Betula nana (i.e. summed cover of non-_B. nana_ species) [% cover]

comp_sagl: shrub competition on Salix glauca (i.e. summed cover of non-_S. glauca_ species) [% cover]

en: Kangerluarsunnguaq

en:
 Collected August 2020 (PI: Nathalie Isabelle Chardon)

These data collected August 2020 (PI: Nathalie Isabelle Chardon). Please contact N. I. Chardon (nathalie.chardon_at_gmail.com) for individual quadrat (i.e. 1 m x 1 m) data, which are averaged at the 90 m spatial grid here.

 COLUMN ABBREVIATIONS

 Metadata for 90 m spatial grid

id: sampling zone and unique 90 m grid identifier

long: WGS84 longitude

lat: WGS84 latitude

x_stere: longitude in Polar Stereographic (EPSG 4326)

y_stere: latitude in Polar Stereographic (EPSG 4326)

date: sampling day.month.year

 Species presence [1] or absence [0] at grid level

alcr: _Alnus crispa_

bena: _Betula nana_

dila: _Diapensia lapponica_

emni: _Empetrum nigrum_

hahy: _Harimanella hypoides_

lopr: _Loiseleuria procumbens_

oxpa: _Oxycoccus palustre_

phca: _Phyllodoce caerulea_

rhod: _Rhododendron_ sp.

saar: _Salix arctica_

sagl: _Salix glauca_

sahe: _Salix herbacea_

vaul: _Vaccinium uliginosum_

drin: _Dryas integrifolia_

thpr: _Thymus praecox_

 Habitat characteristics [% cover]

shrub: all shrub species

gram: graminoids

forb: forbs

bryo: bryophytes

lich: lichens

litt: litter

bare: bare ground

stone: stones (> 2 cm)

org: organic crust

 Shrub species height (maximum vegetative height) [mm] and cover (estimated in 1x1 m quadrat) [%]

alcr_c: _Alnus crispa_ cover

alcr_h: _Alnus crispa_ height

bena_c: _Betula nana_ cover

bena_h: _Betula nana_ height

dila_c: _Diapensia lapponica_ cover

dila_h: _Diapensia lapponica_ height

emni_c: _Empetrum nigrum_ cover

emni_h: _Empetrum nigrum_ height

hahy_c: _Harimanella hypoides_ cover

hahy_h: _Harimanella hypoides_ height

lopr_c: _Loiseleuria procumbens_ cover

lopr_h: _Loiseleuria procumbens_ height

oxpa_c: _Oxycoccus palustre_ cover

oxpa_h: _Oxycoccus palustre_ height

phca_c: _Phyllodoce caerulea_ cover

phca_height: _Phyllodoce caerulea_ height

rhod_c: _Rhododendron_ sp. cover

rhod_h: _Rhododendron_ sp. height

saar_c: _Salix arctica_ cover

saar_h: _Salix arctica_ height

sagl_c: _Salix glauca_ cover

sagl_h: _Salix glauca_ height

sahe_c: _Salix herbacea_ cover

sahe_h: _Salix herbacea_ height

vaul_c: _Vaccinium uliginosum_ cover

vaul_h: _Vaccinium uliginosum_ height

drin_c: _Dryas integrifolia_ cover

drin_h: _Dryas integrifolia_ height

 Community characteristics

rich_pa: shrub species richness at grid level

rich: shrub species richness averaged across 3 1x1 m sampling quadrats per grid

shan: Shannon diversity (‘vegan’ package; Oksanen et al. 2019)

comp_bena: shrub competition on _Betula nana_ (i.e. summed cover of non-_B. nana_ species) [% cover]

comp_sagl: shrub competition on _Salix glauca_ (i.e. summed cover of non-_S. glauca_ species) [% cover]

ht_cwm: maximum shrub canopy height (i.e. community weighted mean by abundance of maximum shrub height) [mm]

 Topography and terrain wetness (calculated from)

tcws: Tasseled Cap Wetness component (Sentinal images)

slope: slope angle (MEaSUREs Greenland Ice Mapping Project Digital Elevation Model v. 1; Howat et al., 2014, 2015) [º]

twi: SAGA wetness index (MEaSUREs Greenland Ice Mapping Project Digital Elevation Model v. 1; Howat et al., 2014, 2015)

asp: aspect (MEaSUREs Greenland Ice Mapping Project Digital Elevation Model v. 1; Howat et al., 2014, 2015) [º]

 Downscaled climate (time series 1984 – 2013)

insoljja: average June-August insolation [MJ cm-2 yr-1]

precipmam: cumulative March-May precipitation [mm]

tempcont: yearly maximum – minimum temperature [ºC]

tempmin: yearly minimum temperature [ºC]

precipjja: cumulative June-August precipitation [mm]

tempjja: average maximum June-August temperature [ºC]

tempmax: yearly maximum temperature [ºC]

en:
 Study Aim

We collected these data to alternatively train and validate high resolution (~ 90 m) Species Distribution Models (SDMs) and Species Abundance Models (SAMs) for _Betula nana_ L. (dwarf birch, Betulaceae) and _Salix glauca_ L. (grey willow, Salicaceae) in Southwest Greenland to assess how well such models can predict local-scale patterns.

 Data Description

Individual (presence-absence, abundance, maximum vegetative height) and community (species composition, maximum canopy height) shrub data for two fjords near Nuuk, Southwest Greenland. Also provided are corresponding downscaled climate data as well as calculated topographic and terrain wetness indicator variables.

 Nuup Kangerlua (Godthåbsfjord)

_Betula nana_ and _Salix glauca_ presence-absence, abundance, community species richness

 Kangerluarsunnguaq (Kobbefjord)

Shrub presence-absence, abundance, maximum vegetative height, community composition, maximum shrub canopy height

 Methods

 Field survey in Nuup Kangerlua

We conducted a stratified systematic plant survey along the length of Nuup Kangerlua (NK) fjord in Soutwesth Greenland (Fig. 1 in Chardon et al. 2022; following Nabe-Nielsen et al., 2017). At five distinct sites, we sampled along elevational gradients to collect data on presences, absences, abundance, and species composition of all woody species using a 0.7 x 0.7 m pin-point frame (Fig. 1e in Chardon et al. 2022). For model training, we converted these pin-point data to percent cover estimates based on the number of pins dropped (n = 25 per plot) and averaged them across the 119 spatio-climatic grids (see next section) corresponding to the plot locations (for details see Appendix S2 in Chardon et al. 2022).

 Field survey in Kangerluarsunnguaq

We conducted a random stratified plant survey in Kangerluarsunnguaq (K) fjord in Southwest Greenland. We used a preliminary Species Abundance Model trained with summed pin counts of _Betula nana_ in NK fjord (see Fig. S1.3 in Chardon et al. 2022) to stratify the ~ 27 x 17 km fjord landscape into low, medium, and high abundances classes. We randomly selected 90 x 90 m spatio-climatic grids to survey in each class for a total of 200 grids, ensuring that they were accessible by foot or boat (for details see Appendix S2 in Chardon et al. 2022). Within each grid, we sampled within three 1 m2 quadrats arranged in a randomly rotated equilateral triangle centered on the mid-point of the cell. We used a gridded sampling quadrat with 1% delineations (Fig. 1h in Chardon et al. 2022) to record woody species presences, absences, and composition, estimated percent cover, and measured maximum shrub species vegetatitve height. At every plot, we also visually scanned the area in a 20 m radius from the plot and recorded the presence of any additional shrub species to estimate grid-level species richness. As in NK fjord, we averaged these data at the grid level (for details see Appendix S2 in Chardon et al. 2022).

 Biotic variables

We calculated biotic microscale variables from the plant survey data collected in NK and K fjords. We calculated shrub species richness, diversity, and competition (i.e. sum of non-B. nana or non-S. glauca pin hits or percent cover). In K fjord, we also calculated canopy height as the community weighted mean (by abundance) of maximum vegetative shrub height.

 Climate variables

We computed high resolution temperature, precipitation, and insolation for local scale data for the study area by statistically downscaling climate time series (1982 - 2013) from the monthly CHELSA data (Karger et al. 2017). We downscaled these data from 30 arc sec (~ 400 m at the latitude of our study) to our target grid size of ~ 90 m with geographic weighted regression and using the MEaSUREs Greenland Ice Mapping Project (GIMP) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) v. 1 (Howat et al., 2014, 2015). We then calculated 30-year averages of the climate parameters: average summer (June – August) maximum temperature, yearly maximum temperature, yearly minimum temperature, temperature continentality (yearly max. - min. temperatures), cumulative Spring (March – May) precipitation, cumulative summer precipitation, and average summer incident solar radiation (henceforth, insolation) (for calculation details see Appendices S2, S3 in Chardon et al. 2022 and Appendix S2 in von Oppen et al. 2021).

 Topography and terrain wetness indicator variables

We calculated several topographic and terrain wetness indices at a local scale. We derived slope, aspect, and the SAGA wetness index (hereafter TWI; Boehner et al., 2002; Boehner and Selige, 2006) from the GIMP DEM. TWI is a measure of how ‘wet’ an area is, based on water drainage from the surrounding landscape. We also calculated the tasseled cap wetness component (hereafter TCW, Crist and Cicone 1984) from satellite images (for details see Appendices S2, S3 in Chardon et al. 2022) as an alternative measure of wetness.

 Computer code

Attached as zip file and available on GitLab (https://gitlab.com/nathaliechardon/gl_microclim)

 Third-party data

Data used to calculate climate, topography, and terrain wetness indicator variables are publicly available (see Appendix S2 in Chardon et al. 2022 for all data references).

accessible-shrub-forest

display_name: accessible-shrub-forest

arctic

display_name: arctic

climate

display_name: climate

field-data

display_name: field-data

sdm

display_name: sdm

validation

display_name: validation

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Greenland shrubs and microclimate


en: raster-processing geoinformation-system open-source qgis-plugin digital-planning digital-elevation-model seilaplan swiss-geodata geodata-processing cable-yarding

state: active

type: dataset

en: DHM-Kacheln zusammenfügen

format: SERVICE

en: View video on youtube!

en:
In order to use the QGIS plugin ‘Seilaplan’ for digital cable line planning, a digital terrain model (DTM) is required. In this tutorial video, we show how to merge multiple DTM raster tiles into one file, using the QGIS tool ‘Virtual Raster’. This simplifies the digital planning of a cable line using the QGIS plugin ‘Seilaplan’. Please note that the tutorial language is German!

Link to Seilaplan website: https://seilaplan.wsl.ch

***************************

Für die Verwendung des QGIS Plugins Seilaplan zur digitalen Seillinienplanung ist ein digitales Höhenmodell (DHM) nötig. In diesem Tutorialvideo zeigen wir, wie man mit dem QGIS-Plugin Virtuelles Raster mehrere DHM-Kacheln zu einem einzigen Rasterfile zusammenfügen und abspeichern kann. Für die Seillinienplanung mit Seilaplan muss nun nur noch eine Datei, mein neues virtuelles Raster, ausgewählt werden.

Link zur Seilaplan-Website: https://seilaplan.wsl.ch

cable-yarding

display_name: cable-yarding

digital-elevation-model

display_name: digital-elevation-model

digital-planning

display_name: digital-planning

geodata-processing

display_name: geodata-processing

geoinformation-system

display_name: geoinformation-system

open-source

display_name: open-source

qgis-plugin

display_name: qgis-plugin

raster-processing

display_name: raster-processing

seilaplan

display_name: seilaplan

swiss-geodata

display_name: swiss-geodata

education

fr: Education, science

de: Bildung, Wissenschaft

en: Education and science

it: Formazione e scienza

envidat

fr: EnviDat: le portail de données environnementales

de: EnviDat: das Umwelt-Datenportal

it: EnviDat: il portale dei dati ambientali

fr: EnviDat est le portail de données du WSL; il offre un accès uniformisé et réglementé aux données de surveillance et de recherche en matière d’environnement. Ce portail est capable d’héberger et de publier des ensembles de données précieuses et uniques, qui sont partagées aux quatre coins de la planète. Ce faisant, EnviDat favorise la recherche et contribue à l’avancement des sciences environnementales.

de: EnviDat ist das Datenportal der WSL für einen einheitlichen und verwalteten Zugang zu Umweltdaten aus Monitoring- und Forschungsprojekten. Auf dem Portal können Datensätze gehostet und veröffentlicht werden. Durch die weltweite Bereitstellung einzigartiger und wertvoller Datensätze leistet EnviDat einen Beitrag zur Forschung im Bereich der Umweltwissenschaften.

it: EnviDat è il portale dati del WSL che fornisce un accesso unificato e gestito ai dati di monitoraggio ambientale e di ricerca. Il portale ha la capacità di ospitare e pubblicare serie di dati preziosi e unici che vengono condivisi in tutto il mondo. Così facendo, EnviDat promuove la ricerca e contribuisce al progresso della scienza ambientale.

political_level: other

wsl

capacity: public

type: organization

approval_status: approved

key: guid

key: uri

value: Envidat Harvester

en: Seilaplan Tutorial: Merge DTM tiles


maintainer: Bundesamt für Energie BFE

fr: Contenu des bassins d'accumulation, dimanche 24:00 heures, bulletin hebdomadaire

it: Grado di riempimento dei bacini di accumulazione, domenica alle ore 24, rapporto settimanale livello di accumulazione

author: Bundesamt für Energie BFE

media_type: CSV

format: CSV

media_type: SERVICE

fr:
Ce relevé, élaboré chaque dimanche à 24h00, recense le contenu (en GWh et en %) des bassins d'accumulation suisses dans 4 régions différentes.
Le taux de remplissage des bassins d'accumulation est relevé dans le cadre de la Statistique de l'électricité, qui fait partie de la statistique publique de la Suisse (base légale: LSF).

de: Der Füllungsgrad der Speicherseen, Sonntag 24h, Wochenbericht Speicherinhalt gibt Auskunft über den Speicherinhalt der Schweizer Speicherseen für vier Regionen in GWh und als Füllgrad in % jeweils am Sonntag 24h auf wöchentlicher Basis. Der Füllungsgrad der Speicherseen wird im Rahmen der Elektrizitätsstatistik erhoben, welche Teil der öffentlichen Statistik der Schweiz ist (gesetzliche Grundlage: BStatG).

statistical-basis

fr: Bases statistiques

de: Statistische Grundlagen

en: Statistical basis

it: Basi statistiche

national-economy

fr: Economie nationale

de: Volkswirtschaft

en: National economy

it: Economia

energy

fr: Energie

de: Energie

en: Energy

it: Energia

territory

fr: Territoire et environnement

de: Raum und Umwelt

en: Territory and environment

it: Territorio e ambiente

bundesamt-fur-energie-bfe

fr: Office fédéral de l'énergie OFEN

de: Bundesamt für Energie BFE

en: Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE

it: Ufficio federale dell'energia UFE

fr: L'Office fédéral de l'énergie (OFEN) est le centre de compétences du Département fédéral de l'environnement, des transports, de l'énergie et de la communication (DETEC) pour les questions liées à l'approvisionnement en énergie et à son utilisation.

de: Das Bundesamt für Energie (BFE) ist das Kompetenzzentrum für Fragen der Energieversorgung und der Energienutzung im Eidgenössischen Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation (UVEK).

en: The Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) is the country's competence centre for issues relating to energy supply and energy use at the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC).

it: L'Ufficio federale dell'energia (UFE) è il centro di competenza in materia di approvvigionamento e di impiego dell'energia in seno al Dipartimento federale dell'ambiente, dei trasporti, dell'energia e delle comunicazioni (DATEC).

political_level: confederation


maintainer: EnviDat Support

en: face soil co2 nitrogen forest picea-abies

en: Resin bags

media_type: text/csv

en: Ammonium, nitrate and their 15N in resin bags

mimetype: text/csv

en: Collection points

en: Collection points under the trees

en: Gross N mineralisation and nitrification

en: Gross rates of N mineralisation and nitrification (15N dilution)

en: Water analyses

en: Analyses of water, especially soil solution

en: Collection of soil solution

en: Soil solution collected by suction cups

en: Soil C and N

en: Analyses of C, N and their stable isotopes in the soil, and soil pH

en: Data obtained in the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment at Hofstetten, NW Switzerland, between 2009 and 2016. This dataset contains analyses of the soil solution throughout the experiment, especially for nitrate, as well as different analyses done at the end of the experiment: ammonium and nitrate captured by ion-exchange resin bags and extracted from soil cores, gross N mineralisation and nitrification measured by isotope dilution.

face

display_name: face

forest

display_name: forest

nitrogen

display_name: nitrogen

picea-abies

display_name: picea-abies

soil

display_name: soil

en: Nitrogen availability under trees exposed to CO2 enrichment (FACE)


en: statistical-model urbanization land-use modeling switzerland land-use-change landscape-services

en: Data for Assessing potential landscape service trade-offs driven by urbanization in Switzerland

media_type: application/zip

en:
The provided folder structure follows the set up of the scripts.
Data is only provided when it has been fully produced by us, otherwise dummies are given.
For data that will be produced by one of the scripts, no dummies are given.
The folders may contain sub-folders, which would be filled if the scripts were all run

 00_Analysis_Data
Data produced throughout the process of the calibration and projection that is later needed for analysis

 01_Raw_Data
Primary data from external sources that were used to compile the rasters and numbers used during the calibration and projection of landscape transitions as well as service calculation

 02_Prepared_Data
Data that will be prepared for further use by scripts are put in here
Additionally it contains the parameter sheets for the transition predictors that we compiled

 03_Model_Data
 Model outputs
Folder were the projection models statistics will be saved
 Models
Folder into which the actual transition models will be saved
 Residuals
Folder into which data on models residuals will be saved for future use

 04_Projected_Data
The output of the projections will be saved into this folder

 05_Service_Data
Any service calculations will be saved in here

 06_Results_Analysis
Any Analysis plots and tables as well as intermediate data will be saved here in the respective sub-folder

format: ZIP

mimetype: application/zip

en: Scripts for Assessing potential landscape service trade-offs driven by urbanization in Switzerland

en:
Scripts ordered by their main purpose within sequential folders in this ReadMe marked with

Within the folders the capital letters refer to the parallel or sequential use of the scripts; scripts here in ReadMe are marked with

 00_Function Scripts
 Functions.r
Script containing several functions for analyzing statistical models: cohen.kappa, meva.table, D2, max-Tss, plot-TSS

 Service_functions.R
Script containing functions for calculating all services and returning sums (and median for bd and rec) as well as rasters

 01_Data Preparation
 A_AS_raster_preparation.R
Preparation of the land use rasters for the years 1985, 1997, and 2009 based on the original Arealstatistik (AS/ASCH); Assigning our categories and assining new values to all "construction sites" for calibrating the models
For model projection starting point (2009) and for service calculations (all ASCH years) the "other" categories were assigned to the land use categories based on dominant neighbor, so that there were no empty cells
Creation of water & mountainous area raster that stayed stable throughout the projections
Creation of MFH raster (2009), to have as base for all new projection years, as this category never becames any other

 B_Factors_preparation.R
Preparation of the factor rasters that were used to calculate service values per cell (see Table 2): LWfactor, Transportation, Vol, Rivers, Lakes, slope, TWW, Hazard_risk

 B_Predictors_preparation.R
Preparation of the raster of the predictors used for calibrating (ASCH years) and projecting (stable) the transition models that do not depend on the land use categories: Temperature (ASCH years), solar radiation (stable), Public transportation access (stable), Elevation (stable), Workers density (ASCH years), Population change (ASCH transitions)

 B_Regions_preparation.R
Preparation of bioregions as raster to be used to mask asxxxx later to calculated services and land use area just for one region

 C_Pred_proj.R
Projecting the dynamic predictors into the future for projecting the land use transitions with the model: Linear extrapolations for workers densities and population; more detailed extrapolation of temperature (based on data for all stations that matched between the temp table we used for the calibration period and the projections from CS2M, and then making a spatial interpolation for all years based on the interpolation of temperature for all years per station)

 02_Model calibration
 A_Bioreg_pred_corr.R
Calculating correlation between the predictors for each bioregion and land use category, Output are those with too high correlation so that one predictor can be removed from transitions were both predictors occur

 A_trans_numbers_bioreg.R
Calculate transition numbers for each bioregion to decide which transitions to primarily consider

 B_Bioreg_ext_eval.R
Calculating TSS based on the external evaluation for the bioregion transitions that happened often enough to try to model them (calibration data: 85-97, evaluation data: 97-09)

 B_Bioreg_int_eval.R
Calculating TSS based on the internal evaluation for the bioregion transitions that happened often enough to try to model them (calibration data: 70%, evaluation data: 30%)

 C_Bioreg_TSS_analysis.R
Extracting TSS numbers from internal and external evaluation, calculating mean and median for each transition for each region for each evaluation method and saving as csv per region to be able to select only the transitions with high enough model performance

 D_Bioreg_Models_for_prediction.R
Calibration of the models that were then used to project land use transitions into the future; calibrated separately for each bioregion

 E_Residuals_trans_models.R
Calculation of Moran's I statistics to analyze the residuals of the land use transition models

 03_Projections
 A_Bioreg_Projections_run.R
Master script for: Extrapolaitng into the future with the regional models and then assembling for each time step to calculate new AS predictors; Several Outputs: txt file to test for NAs in Predictors, txt file with random seed number for sampling, txt file with times for calculation steps (check progress of script while running), csv sheet with projected transition frequencies, tif-rasters for every region and time step, pdf with raster plot for every region and time step

 04_Service calculation
 A_Bioreg_as_services.R
Calculate services per bioregion for years 1985, 1997, 2009

 A_Service_calculation_bioregions.R
Extracting service numbers(sums) per bioregions for all projection runs and storing them in a list of matrixes to be available for further plotting; can be run for swiss wide projections or regional ones

 05_Analysis
 A_Bioreg_ASCH_development.R
Extracting the occurrence of each category per region for all runs (first part), then for ASCH years, and then plotting them nicely; only works for regional projections

 A_Bioreg_Predictors_importanceD2.R
Calculating D2 for each transition and each considered predictor from bivariate models to get value of importance

 B_Bioreg_Pred_imp_analysis.R
Using calculated D2 to sort Predictors according to their importance for each transition

 A_Bioreg_Spatial_results_analysis.R
Plotting randomly sampled runs for ASCH and services to analyses their spatial development

 A_Bioreg_Transition_numbers_check_v1.R
Analyzing the frequency for all transitions for all regions and producing the point plots for each transition separately

 A_Bioreg_Transition_numbers_check_v2.R
Analyzing percentage and numbers of all transitions but plotting them per region and originating ASCH category

 B_Transition_Analysis.R
Further Analysis of transition numbers

 A_Service_analysis.R
Plotting of the service development for bioregions in several ways for analyzing

en:
Data and scripts of publication:

Madleina Gerecke, Oskar Hagen, Janine Bolliger, Anna M. Hersperger, Felix Kienast, Bronwyn Price, Loïc Pellissier (2019) Assessing potential landscape service trade-offs driven by urbanization in Switzerland. Palgrave communications.

Contains land use projections for Switzerland and scripts and data for these projections as well as the calculation of landscape services.

Data Folder:
Contains sub-folder with the data necessary for this study (provided were no copyright issues, otherwise placeholders with descriptions), and folders where produced data may be stored

Scripts Folder:
Contains scripts organized into subfolders depending on their purpose

Note: Some abbreviations within the scripts and data are derived from German words and not English.

land-use

display_name: land-use

land-use-change

display_name: land-use-change

landscape-services

display_name: landscape-services

modeling

display_name: modeling

statistical-model

display_name: statistical-model

switzerland

display_name: switzerland

urbanization

display_name: urbanization

education

en: Education and science

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Land use projections and services for Switzerland


en: urban-biodiversity sustainability honeybees pollination urbanization remote-sensing

en: Dataset 1

en: Dataset 1: Processed data for urban beekeeping 2012-2018

en: Dataset 2

en: Dataset 2: Processed data for modelling balance urban greenspace

en: Dataset 3

media_type: .csv

en: Aggregated data on number hives, beekeeping locations and ratios

en: Data on: (1) spatial distribution of urban beekeeping (number of hives and number of beekeeping locations) in 14 Swiss cities (Geneva, Lausanne, Biel, Neuchatel, Basel, Zurich, Chur, Luzern, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Bern, Lugano, Bellinzona, Thun) for the period 2012-2018; (2) aggregated data to model the sustainability of urban beekeeping.

honeybees

display_name: honeybees

pollination

display_name: pollination

remote-sensing

display_name: remote-sensing

sustainability

display_name: sustainability

urban-biodiversity

display_name: urban-biodiversity

en: Challenging the sustainability of urban beekeeping: evidence from Swiss cities


en: place-attachment electrodermal-activity landscape sense-of-place urban-ecology

en: 00. EDA Raw Data

media_type: ZIP

en: 02. Questionnaire Data

en: 05. Visuals

en: 04. Scripts

en: 03. Publication Ready Data

en: 01. EDA Processed Data

en: This repository contains data on EDA measurements of visitors with different cultural backgrounds in virtual urban park settings. The parks are a Persian garden (Shiraz, Iran) and a historical park in Zurich, Switzerland. The cultural background of the visitors is Persian and Central European. The repository contains raw data from EDA, processed time series and statistical procedures.

electrodermal-activity

display_name: electrodermal-activity

landscape

display_name: landscape

place-attachment

display_name: place-attachment

sense-of-place

display_name: sense-of-place

urban-ecology

display_name: urban-ecology

en: Electrodermal Activity (EDA) of Bi-cultural Visitors In Virtual Park Settings


en: anthropogenic-management climate microbial-biomass-carbon soil-properties herbivore-exclusion nutrient-addition microbial-respiration

en: Risch et al. GEB_data.xlsx

media_type: .xlsx

en:
Study sites and experimental design
We collected data from 23 sites that are part of the Nutrient Network Global Research Cooperative (NutNet, https://nutnet.umn.edu/). The mean annual air temperature (MAT) across these sites ranged from -4 to 22°C, mean annual precipitation (MAP) from 252 to 1592 mm, and elevations from 6 to 4261 m above sea level (Fig 1a, Supplementary Table S1), hence cover a wide range of climatic conditions under which grasslands occur (Fig 1b). Soil organic C concentrations ranged between 0.8 to 7.8%, soil total N concentrations between 0.1 and 0.6%, and the soil C:N ratio between 9.1 and 21.5. Soil clay content spanned from 3.0 to 35%, and soil pH from 3.4 to 7.6 (Supplementary Table S2).
At each site, the effects of nutrient addition and herbivore exclusion were tested via a randomized-block design (Borer et al., 2014). Three blocks with 10 treatment plots each were established at each site, except for the site at bldr.us (only two blocks). Each of these 10 plots was randomly assigned to a nutrient or fencing treatment. An individual plot was 5 x 5 m, divided into four 2.5 x 2.5 m subplots. Each subplot was further divided into four 1 x 1 m square sampling plots, one of which was set aside for soil sampling (Borer et al., 2014). Plots were separated by at least 1 m wide walkways. We collected soil samples from four different treatments for this study: (i) untreated control plots (Control), (ii) herbivore exclusion plots (Fence), (iii) plots fertilized with N, P, K, plus nine essential macro and micronutrients (NPK), and (iv) plots with simultaneous fertilizer addition and herbivore exclusion (NPK+Fence). The experiments were established at different times in the past, with years of treatment different among sites (2 – 9 years since start of treatment; Supplementary Table S1). For the nutrient additions, all sites applied 10 g N m-2 each year as time-release urea; 10 g P m-2 yr-1 as triple-super phosphate; 10 g K m-2 yr-1 as potassium sulfate. A micro-nutrient mix (Fe, S, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo, Ca) was applied at 100 g m-2 together with K in the first year of treatments but not thereafter.
We excluded large vertebrate herbivores (Fence) by fencing two plots, one with and one without NPK additions, within each block. The fences excluded all aboveground mammalian herbivores with a body mass of over 50 g (Borer et al., 2014). At most sites, the fences were 180 cm high, and the fence contained a wire mesh (1 cm holes) for the bottom 90 cm with a 30 cm outward-facing flange stapled to the ground to exclude burrowing animals. Climbing and subterranean animals may potentially still access these plots (Borer et al., 2014). For slight modifications in fence design at a few sites see Supplementary Table S3. Most sites only had wild herbivores, although four sites were also grazed by domestic animals (Supplementary Table S1).

Collection of soil samples, soil microbial respiration, microbial biomass, and other soil properties
Each of the 23 sites received a package containing identical material from the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Switzerland to be used for sampling (Risch et al., 2015; Risch et al., 2019). We collected two soil cores of 5 cm diameter and 12 cm depth in each sampling plot and composited them to measure MR, MBC, and soil chemical properties (see below). An additional sample (5 x 12 cm) was collected to assess soil physical properties. This sample remained within a steel sampling core after collection and both ends were tightly closed with plastic caps to avoid disturbance. All soils were shipped cooled to the laboratory at (Location will be disclosed after manuscript acceptance) within a few days after collection. Soils were sampled roughly 6 weeks prior to peak biomass at each site during 2015 and 2016.
To assess MR (CO2 production) in a laboratory incubation experiment we weighed duplicate soil samples (8 g dry soil equivalent) into 50-ml Falcon tubes. No additional substrate (glucose, sugar) was added to these samples. We adjusted the soil moisture of each sample to 60% field capacity. We then placed a 15 ml plastic test tube (Semadeni 1701A) containing 7.25 ml 0.05 M NaOH over each soil sample. The test tube was fixed with a plastic rod so that it was not in contact with the soil sample. The Falcon tubes were then sealed with a screw cap and placed in an incubator under completely dark conditions at 20°C. The CO2 produced by microbial respiration was absorbed by the 0.05 M NaOH. For five weeks we measured the decrease in conductivity within the 0.05 M NaOH solution on a weekly basis with a Multimeter WTW Multi 3410 (WTW GmbH, Germany) and replaced the 0.05 M NaOH with fresh solution. We included Falcon tubes without soil samples in each incubation run as blanks to test if tubes were tight and no CO2 could enter or escape. We calibrated the relationship between conductivity reduction and NaOH absorbed as follows: 400 ml 0.05 M NaOH was placed in a beaker and its conductivity was measured with the multimeter. While stirring, air containing CO2 was blown into the solution for approximately one minute, which reacts with NaOH to form Na2CO3. After this process, conductivity was measured again. We then transferred 7.25 ml of the solution into a smaller beaker and added 1 ml of 0.1 M BaCl2 to precipitate Na2CO3 and then titrated the solution with 0.05 M HCl to determine the remaining NaOH. We then repeated these steps with the remaining solution a total of nine times and plotted the conductivities (y-axis) against the NaOH consumed (x-axis, Supplementary Fig S1). This regression line was used to infer the consumption of NaOH from the conductivity reduction in the incubation experiments and to calculate CO2 evolution during incubation. In addition, we determined the optimum concentration for the NaOH solution in series of preliminary experiments, so that the concentration was not too high to become insensitive, but also not too low so that not all NaOH reacts during incubation. We then calculated MR (mg CO2-C kg dry soil-1 h-1) as total amount of CO2 released over the 5 weeks divided by the duration of the entire incubation in hrs.
Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC; mg C kg soil-1 ) was measured at the beginning of the experiment by measuring the maximal respiratory response to the addition of glucose solution (4 mg glucose per g soil dry weight dissolved in distilled water; substrate-induced respiration method) on approximately 5.5 g of soil (J. P. E. Anderson & Domsch, 1978; Nico Eisenhauer et al., 2018; Scheu, 1992). For this purpose we used an O2-micro-compensation apparatus (Scheu, 1992). More specifically, substrate-induced respiration was calculated from the respiratory response to D-glucose for 10 hr at 20°C. Glucose was added according to preliminary studies to saturate the catabolic enzymes of microorganisms (4 mg g soil-1 dissolved in 400 ml deionized water). The mean of the lowest three readings within the first 10 hrs (between the initial peak caused by disturbing the soil and the peak caused by microbial growth) was taken as maximum initial respiratory response (MIRR; ml O2 kg soil-1 h-1) and microbial biomass (mg C kg soil-1) was calculated as 38 x MIRR (Beck et al., 1997; Cesarz et al., 2022; Thakur et al., 2015).
The rest of the composited sample was dried at 65°C for 48 h, ground and sieved (2 mm mesh) to assess the soil pH, mineral soil total C and N and C:N ratio, and mineral soil organic C (Risch et al., 2019). The undisturbed sample was used to assess water holding capacity (WHC), bulk density (BD), and soil texture [sand, silt, clay; methods in (Risch et al., 2019)]. We used the percentage of sand and clay as an indicator of soil texture in this study. MAT (°C), MAP (mm) and temperature of the wettest quarter (°C) were obtained from www.worldclim.com (Fick & Hijmans, 2017; Hijmans, Cameron, Parra, Jones, & Jarvis, 2005). These variables were selected as they were found to be drivers of soil nutrient processes across these sites in earlier studies (Risch et al., 2020; Risch et al., 2019). Mean annual soil temperatures (MAST; °C) for the 0 to 5 cm soil layer were obtained for each site from the SoilTemp maps (J. Lembrechts et al., 2021; J. J. Lembrechts et al., 2022), global gridded modelled products of soil bioclimatic variables for the 1979-2013 period at a 1-km² resolution, based on CHELSA, ERA5 and in-situ soil temperature measurements.
Numerical calculations and statistical analyses
We calculated MMQ as MR/MBC. We corrected this measure using the average soil temperature of each site (MMQsoil). This temperature correction is necessary as incubation temperatures are usually much higher than site mean annual soil temperatures (see Xu et al. 2017). MMQsoil = MMQ x Q10(MAST – 20)/10, where Q10 was assumed to be 2 (Xu et al. 2017). See Supplementary Fig S2 for comparison of air and soil temperatures across the 23 sites as well as the incubation temperature.
Some of the explanatory variables (clay, soil organic C, C:N ratio) were skewed and were thus log-transformed prior to analyses. All continuous explanatory variables were centred and scaled to have a mean of zero and variance of one. To avoid collinearity between them we filtered them using correlation analysis (Supplementary Fig S3). From the variables that were strongly correlated (Pearson’s |r| > 0.70) (Dormann et al., 2013), we selected the ones that allowed us to minimize the number of variables (Supplementary Fig S3). Specifically, soil total N concentration, soil total C concentration, soil sand content and soil bulk density were dropped from the dataset. We then assessed how these edaphoclimatic variables are related to MMQ across our global grasslands.
For this, we used linear mixed effects models (LMMs) fitted by maximum likelihood with the lme function in the nlme package (version 3.1-153) (Pinheiro, Bates, DebRoy, & Sarkar, 2021) in R version 3.6.3. (R Core Team, 2019). We used treatment as a fixed effect and plot nested in site as random effects to assess treatment differences in MMQsoil, as well as MR, and MBC. The number of years since the treatment started was included as a fixed effect in all the initial models but was not significant and therefore not retained in the models. To assess how differences in MMQsoil were affected by environmental factors (soil, climatic properties) we again used LMMs. Soil and climatic properties were included as fixed effects and plot nested in site as random effects. We did not include interactions between environmental variables. We then used the MuMin package (Barton, 2018) (version 1.42.1) to select the best models that explained the most variation based on Akaike’s information criterion (AIC; model.avg function). We used the corrected AIC (AICc) to account for our small sample size and selected the top models that fell within 4 AICc units (delta AICc < 4) (Burnham & Anderson, 2002; Johnson & Omland, 2004). We present all our top models rather than model averages. Conditional averages are provided in the Supplementary material.
Based on findings from analyses described above and the literature, we developed a conceptual model of direct and indirect relationships between both edaphoclimatic variables and experimental treatments (Supplement Figure S4) to obtain a more holistic approach in understanding how these properties affect MMQsoil. We had data from 23 sites with 272 observations. We tested this model using structural equation modelling based on a d-sep approach (Lefcheck, 2016; Shipley, 2009). We considered those environmental drivers that were included in our top LMMs, namely temperature of the wettest quarter (T.q.wet), soil pH, water holding capacity (WHC) and soil organic C (organic C; Supplementary Figure S4). These factors were allowed to directly affect MMQsoil, and via their interactions with treatments. In addition, treatments were allowed to directly affect MMQsoil. Treatments were included as dummy variables in the model. We tested our conceptual model (Supplementary Fig S4) using the piecewiseSEM package (version 2.0.2; Lefcheck, 2016) in R 3.4.0, in which a structured set of linear models are fitted individually. This approach allowed us to account for the nested experimental design, and overcome some of the limitations of standard structural equation models, such as small sample sizes (Lefcheck, 2016; Shipley, 2009). We used the lme function of the nlme package to model response variables, including site as a random factor. Good fit of the SEM was assumed when Fisher’s C values were non-significant (p > 0.05). For all significant interactions between soil or climate variables and treatments detected in the SEMs, we calculated treatment effect sizes, i.e., the differences in MMQsoil between Control and treatments as log response ratios (LRR) and plotted these values against the climate or soil factors. The LRR were defined as log(Control/Treatment), where treatment was either Fence, NPK or NPK+Fence. To assess which of the LRR-climate or soil property relationships were significant we again used LMMs, in which soil and climatic properties were included as fixed effects and plot nested in site as random effects.

en:
This dataset contains all data on which the following publication below is based.

Paper Citation:

Risch Anita C., Zimmermann, Stefan, Schütz, Martin, Borer, Elizabeth T., Broadbent, Arthur A.D., Caldeira, Maria C., Davies, Kendi F., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Hagedorn, Frank, Knops, Johannes M.H., Lembrechts, Jonas, J., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Seabloom, Eric W., Silveira, Maria L., Virtanen, Risto, Yahdjian, Laura, Ochoa-Hueso, Raul (accepted). Drivers of the microbial metabolic quotient across global grasslands. Global Ecology and Biogeography

Please cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile.

The microbial metabolic quotient (MMQ; mg CO2-C mg MBC-1 h-1), defined as the amount of microbial CO2 respired (MR; mg CO2-C kg soil-1 h-1) per unit of microbial biomass C (MBC; mg C kg soil-1), is a key parameter for understanding the microbial regulation of the carbon (C) cycle, including soil C sequestration. Here, we experimentally tested hypotheses about the individual and interactive effects of multiple nutrient addition (NPK+micronutrients) and herbivore exclusion on MR, MBC, and MMQ across 23 sites (5 continents). Our sites encompassed a wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions, thus we assessed which edaphoclimatic variables affected MMQ the most and how they interacted with our treatments. Soils were collected in plots with established experimental treatments. MR was assessed in a five-week laboratory incubation without glucose addition, MBC via substrate-induced respiration. MMQ was calculated as MR/MBC and corrected for soil temperatures (MMQsoil). Using LMMs and SEMs, we analysed how edaphoclimatic characteristics and treatments interactively affected MMQsoil. MMQsoil was higher in locations with higher mean annual temperature, lower water holding capacity, and soil organic C concentration, but did not respond to our treatments across sites as neither MR nor MBC changed. We attributed this relative homeostasis to our treatments to the modulating influence of edaphoclimatic variables. For example, herbivore exclusion, regardless of fertilization, led to greater MMQsoil only at sites with lower soil organic C (<1.7%). Our results pinpoint the main variables related to MMQsoil across grasslands and emphasize the importance of the local edaphoclimatic conditions in controlling the response of the C cycle to anthropogenic stressors. By testing hypotheses about MMQsoil across global edaphoclimatic gradients, this work also helps to align the conflicting results of prior studies.

anthropogenic-management

display_name: anthropogenic-management

climate

display_name: climate

herbivore-exclusion

display_name: herbivore-exclusion

microbial-biomass-carbon

display_name: microbial-biomass-carbon

microbial-respiration

display_name: microbial-respiration

nutrient-addition

display_name: nutrient-addition

soil-properties

display_name: soil-properties

education

en: Education and science

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.


maintainer: Verband der Schweizerischen Gasindustrie VSG

title_for_slug: energiedashboard.ch: Monatliche Gas Nettoimporte VSG

de: importe energie ogd111-bfe erdgas

fr: energiedashboard.ch : Importations mensuelles nettes de gaz ASIG

en: energiedashboard.ch: Monthly gas net imports VSG

it: energiedashboard.ch: Importazioni nette mensili di gas ASIG

fr: Importations mensuelles nettes provisoires de gaz. Par importations nettes, on entend la différence entre le total des flux de gaz vers la Suisse et les flux de gaz de la Suisse vers les pays voisins. Les données tiennent compte des flux de gaz de Swissgas et de cinq sociétés régionales. Certains flux de gaz secondaires ne sont pas disponibles mensuellement, mais seulement présentés annuellement. En 2021, ils représentaient environ 5 pour cent du volume total. Les données se réfèrent au pouvoir calorifique supérieur Hs (anciennement Pouvoir calorifique supérieur Ho).

en: Monthly provisional net imports of gas. Net imports are understood as the difference between total gas flows into Switzerland and gas flows from Switzerland to neighbouring countries. The data take into account the gas flows of Swissgas and five regional companies. Certain subordinate gas flows are not available on a monthly basis, but are only reported annually. These accounted for around 5 percent of the total volume in 2021. The data refer to the calorific value Hs (formerly upper calorific value Ho).

de: Monatliche provisorische Nettoimporte von Gas. Als Nettoimport versteht man den Unterschied zwischen den gesamten Gasflüssen in die Schweiz und den Gasflüssen aus der Schweiz in die Nachbarländer. Die Daten berücksichtigen die Gasflüsse von Swissgas und fünf Regionalgesellschaften. Gewisse untergeordnete Gasflüsse stehen nicht monatlich zur Verfügung, sondern werden nur jährlich ausgewiesen. Diese machten 2021 rund 5 Prozent des Gesamtvolumens aus. Die Daten beziehen sich auf den Brennwert Hs (ehemals Oberer Heizwert Ho).

it: Importazioni nette provvisorie mensili di gas. Le importazioni nette sono intese come la differenza tra i flussi totali di gas in Svizzera e i flussi di gas dalla Svizzera verso i Paesi limitrofi. I dati tengono conto dei flussi di gas di Swissgas e di cinque compagnie regionali. Alcuni flussi di gas subordinati non sono disponibili su base mensile, ma sono riportati solo annualmente. Questi rappresentano circa il 5% del volume totale nel 2021. I dati si riferiscono al potere calorifico Hs (ex potere calorifico superiore Ho).

energie

display_name: energie

erdgas

display_name: erdgas

importe

display_name: importe

trade

fr: Commerce

de: Handel

en: Trade

it: Commercio

energy

en: Energy

bundesamt-fur-energie-bfe

en: Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE

en: The Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) is the country's competence centre for issues relating to energy supply and energy use at the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC).


politikfinanzierung

maintainer: Projekt Parteifinanzierung

title_for_slug: Politikfinanzierung

fr: politique transparence parti-politique votations

de: politik transparenz politische-partei abstimmungen wahlen

en: politics transparency political-party elections

it: politica trasparenza partito-politico voti

fr: Financement de la Politique

de: Politikfinanzierung

en: Political Funding

it: Finanziamento della Politica

fr: Requêtes prédéfinies sur LINDAS

de: Vordefinierte Abfragen auf LINDAS

en: Pre-defined Queries on LINDAS

it: Query predefinite su LINDAS

fr: Une liste de requêtes préétablies sur le LINDAS qui peuvent répondre à un grand nombre des questions les plus importantes.

en: A list of pre-built queries on LINDAS that can answer many of the most important questions.

de: Eine Liste von vorgefertigte Abfragen auf LINDAS, die viele der wichtigsten Fragen beantworten können.

it: Un elenco di query già pronte su LINDAS che possono rispondere a molte delle domande più importanti.

format: SPARQL

en: Export of the Dataset

en: This links the Excel export of the data.

format: XLS

identifier: dataset-export

fr: Modèle de données sur LINDAS (en Linked-Data)

de: Datenmodel auf LINDAS (in Linked-Data)

en: Data model on LINDAS (in Linked Data)

it: Modello di dati su LINDAS (in Linked Data)

fr: Les données liées ont des modèles de données plus spécifiques, mais aussi plus compliqués. Pour une meilleure vue d'ensemble, il existe SPEX, auquel mène le lien.

en: Linked data has more specific, but also more complicated data models. For a better overview, there is SPEX, to which the link leads.

de: Linked Data hat spezifischere, aber auch kompliziertere Datenmodelle. Um bessere Übersicht zu gewährleisten gibt es SPEX, wohin der Link führt.

it: I Linked Data hanno modelli di dati più specifici, ma anche più complicati. Per una migliore panoramica, c'è SPEX, a cui il link conduce.

identifier: linked-data-datamodel

fr: Abstraction faite des contributions reçues par les groupes pour couvrir les frais de leur secrétariat, les partis nationaux se financent, en Suisse, sans bénéficier d'aides de l'État. Depuis le 23 octobre 2022, le financement des personnes exerçant une activité politique au niveau fédéral est soumis à des prescriptions en matière de déclaration. Le Contrôle fédéral des finances (CDF) est chargé de la réception, du contrôle et de la publication des déclarations. Les prescriptions en matière de transparence s'appliquent, d'une part, aux campagnes menées dans le cadre d'élections ou de votations fédérales et dont les coûts dépassent 50 000 francs et, d'autre part, aux partis politiques représentés à l’Assemblée fédérale et aux députés et députées qui ne sont membres d'aucun parti. Les auteures et auteurs de dons (libéralités) de plus de 15 000 francs sont déclarés nommément. Lorsque plus de 50 000 francs sont engagés dans une campagne (élections et votations), les recettes budgétisées et les libéralités de plus de 15 000 francs accordées ou promises jusqu'à la date concernée doivent être déclarés 45 jours avant les élections (élections au Conseil national et votations, élections au Conseil des États non comprises). 60 jours après les élections, le décompte final des recettes et toutes libéralités de plus de 15 000 francs (monétaire et non monétaire, avec indication de sa auteure/son auteur) doivent être déclarés.

en: In Switzerland, the national parties fund themselves without direct state assistance – except for group contributions to fund the group secretariats. Since 23 October 2022, the funding of politicians at federal level has been subject to transparency rules. The Swiss Federal Audit Office (SFAO) is the body responsible for compiling, auditing and publishing disclosures. The transparency rules cover, firstly, campaigns exceeding CHF 50,000 for federal elections and votes and, secondly, all political parties represented in Parliament and members of parliament who are not affiliated to any party. In the case of donations (known as benefits) above CHF 15,000, the name of the donor (benefactor) is published. For campaigns (elections and votes) exceeding CHF 50,000, budgeted receipts, and granted or promised benefits exceeding CHF 15,000 must be disclosed 45 days before the election (applies only for National Council elections and votes, not for Council of States elections). 60 days after the elections, the final statement of receipts as well as all benefits exceeding CHF 15,000 (monetary and non-monetary) must be disclosed.

de: In der Schweiz finanzieren sich die nationalen Parteien – abgesehen von Fraktionsbeiträgen zur Kostendeckung der Fraktionssekretariate – ohne direkte staatliche Hilfe. Seit dem 23. Oktober 2022 unterliegt die Finanzierung von politischen Akteurinnen und Akteuren auf eidgenössischer Stufe Offenlegungsvorschriften. Die Eidgenössische Finanzkontrolle (EFK) ist die zuständige Stelle für die Entgegennahme der Meldungen, deren Kontrolle und Veröffentlichung. Einerseits betreffen die Transparenzvorschriften Kampagnen über 50 000 Franken bei eidgenössischen Wahlen und Abstimmungen und andererseits alle in der Bundesversammlung vertretenen politischen Parteien und parteilosen Mitglieder. Bei Spenden (Zuwendungen genannt) über 15 000 Franken wird der Urheber bzw. die Urheberin der Zuwendung namentlich offengelegt. Bei Kampagnen (bei Wahlen und Abstimmungen) von mehr als 50 000 Franken müssen 45 Tage vor der Wahl die budgetierten Einnahmen und zu diesem Zeitpunkt gewährte oder versprochene Zuwendungen über 15 000 Franken offengelegt werden (gilt nur für Nationalratswahlen und Abstimmungen, nicht für Ständeratswahlen). 60 Tage nach den Wahlen müssen die Schlussabrechnung der Einnahmen sowie wiederum namentlich alle Zuwendungen über 15 000 Franken (monetär und nichtmonetär) offengelegt werden.

it: Fatta eccezione dei contributi ai gruppi parlamentari destinati alla copertura delle spese delle loro segreterie, i partiti nazionali svizzeri si finanziano senza aiuti diretti da parte dello Stato. Dal 23 ottobre 2022 vigono, a livello federale, specifiche disposizioni per quanto concerne l’obbligo di rendere pubblico il finanziamento degli attori politici. Il Controllo federale delle finanze (CDF) ha il compito di ricevere, controllare e pubblicare le relative comunicazioni. Le disposizioni in materia di trasparenza concernono, da un lato, campagne da oltre 50 000 franchi in vista di elezioni e votazioni federali, dall’altro tutti i partiti rappresentati nell’Assemblea federale e i membri senza partito dell’Assemblea federale. In caso di donazioni (dette «liberalità») superiori a 15 000 franchi viene reso pubblico il nome dell’autore della donazione («donatore»). In caso di campagne (elezioni e votazioni) più di 50 000 franchi, le entrate preventivate nonché le liberalità in quel momento concesse o promesse che superano i 15 000 franchi devono essere dichiarate 45 giorni prima delle elezioni (questa regola si applica solo alle elezioni nel Consiglio nazionale e alle votazioni, non alle elezioni nel Consiglio degli Stati). 60 giorni dopo le elezioni, devono essere dichiarati il conto finale delle entrate e tutte le liberalità (monetarie e non monetarie, inclusi i nomi dei donatori) superiori a 15 000 franchi.

finances

fr: Finances

de: Finanzen

en: Finances

it: Finanze

politics

fr: Politique

de: Politik

en: Politics

it: Politica

efk

fr: Contrôle fédéral des finances CDF

de: Eidgenössische Finanzkontrolle EFK

en: Swiss Federal Audit Office (SFAO)

it: Controllo federale delle finanze (CDF)

fr:
Depuis 1877, le Contrôle fédéral des finances (CDF) est l'organe suprême de surveillance financière de la Confédération suisse. Il assiste le Parlement et le Conseil fédéral. Son indépendance est garantie par la Loi sur le contrôle des finances (LCF).

Le CDF surveille la gestion financière de l’administration et de nombreuses organisations semi-étatiques et internationales. Depuis 2014, une part importante de ses travaux est publiée.

Son histoire fait l’objet d’un [site Internet](http://timeline.efk.admin.ch/) particulier. Enfin, le CDF est le point de contact pour les lanceurs d’alerte de l’administration fédérale (whistleblowing).

en:
The Swiss Federal Audit Office (SFAO) has been the supreme financial supervisory body of the Swiss Confederation since 1877. It assists the Federal Assembly and the Federal Council. Its independence is guaranteed by the  Federal Audit Office Act (FAOA).

The SFAO supervises the financial management of the Federal Administration and numerous semi-governmental and international organisations. Much of its work has been published since 2014.

Its history is the subject of a special [website](http://timeline.efk.admin.ch/?lang=en). Finally, the SFAO is the Federal Administration’s contact point for whistle-blowers.

de:
Seit 1877 ist die Eidgenössische Finanzkontrolle (EFK) das oberste Finanzaufsichtsorgan des Bundes. Sie unterstützt die Bundesversammlung und den Bundesrat. Ihre Unabhängigkeit ist durch das Finanzkontrollgesetz (FKG) garantiert.

Die EFK überwacht die finanzielle Führung der Bundesverwaltung und zahlreiche halbstaatliche sowie internationale Organisationen. Seit 2014 wird ein grosser Teil ihrer Arbeit veröffentlicht.

Ihre Geschichte ist Gegenstand einer speziellen [Website](http://timeline.efk.admin.ch/?lang=de). Schliesslich ist die EFK auch die Anlaufstelle für Whistleblowing in der Bundesverwaltung.

it:
Dal 1877 il Controllo federale delle finanze (CDF) è l’organo superiore di vigilanza finanziaria della Confederazione e fornisce supporto all’Assemblea federale e al Consiglio federale. La sua indipendenza è garantita dalla legge sul Controllo delle finanze (LCF).

Il CDF supervisiona la gestione finanziaria dell’Amministrazione federale e di numerose organizzazioni parastatali e internazionali. Dal 2014 pubblica buona parte dei propri rapporti di verifica.

La sua storia è oggetto di un [sito web](http://timeline.efk.admin.ch/?lang=it) speciale. Infine, il CDF è anche il punto di contatto per denuncianti o informatori (whistleblowing) dell'Amministrazione federale.


fr: Liste historisée des communes de la Suisse

en: Swiss official commune’s historicized list

it: Elenco storicizzato dei Comuni della Svizzera

label: eCH-0071 Datenstandard Historisiertes Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz

coverage: Gemeinde

fr: Liste historisée des communes (format TXT)

de: Historisiertes Gemeindeverzeichnis (TXT Format)

it: Elenco storicizzato dei Comuni (formato TXT)

fr: Ce jeu de données peut être téléchargé en format texte selon le standard eCH-0071. Une publication avec des explications est également disponible.

de: Dieser Datensatz kann als Text gemäss Datenstandard eCH-0071 herunter geladen werden. Das Dokument mit Erläuterungen und der Beschreibung der Daten ist ebenfalls hier verfügbar.

it: Questa base dati può essere scaricata in formato testo secondo lo standard eCH-0071. Una pubblicazione contenente i dettagli sui servizi REST ed una con delle spiegazioni ulteriori sull'elenco storicizzato sono disponibili in francese e tedesco.

format: TXT

fr: Liste historisée des communes (format XML)

de: Historisiertes Gemeindeverzeichnis (XML Format)

it: Elenco storicizzato dei Comuni (formato XML)

fr: Ce jeu de données peut être téléchargé en format XML selon le standard eCH-0071. Une publication avec des explications est également disponible.

de: Dieser Datensatz kann als XML gemäss Datenstandard eCH-0071 herunter geladen werden. Das Dokument mit Erläuterungen und der Beschreibung der Daten ist ebenfalls hier verfügbar.

it: Questa base dati può essere scaricata in formato XML secondo lo standard eCH-0071. Una pubblicazione contenente i dettagli sui servizi REST ed una con delle spiegazioni ulteriori sull'elenco storicizzato sono disponibili in francese e tedesco.

format: XML

fr: Répertoire officiel des communes de Suisse

de: Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz

en: Swiss official commune register

fr:
L'Office fédéral de la statistique attribue un numéro à chaque commune et établit, gère et publie le répertoire officiel des communes de Suisse.

Le répertoire officiel des communes de Suisse est subdivisé par canton et par district ou toute autre entité administrative comparable du canton (art. 19, ONGéo).

en:
The Federal Statistical Office assigns a number to each commune and creates, administers and publishes the Swiss official commune register.

According to article 19 of the Swiss Federal Ordinance of May 21, 2008 on geographical names (GeoNO - SR 510.625), the commune names and numbers as listed in the official commune register must be used by all public authorities.

de:
Das Bundesamt für Statistik vergibt für jede Gemeinde eine Nummer und erstellt, verwaltet und veröffentlicht das amtliche Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz.

Das amtliche Gemeindeverzeichnis ist nach Kantonen sowie nach Bezirken oder einer vergleichbaren administrativen Einheit des Kantons gegliedert (GeoNV - Art. 19).

it:
L'Ufficio federale di statistica attribuisce a ogni Comune un numero vincolante e allestisce, gestisce e pubblica l'elenco ufficiale dei Comuni della Svizzera.

L'Elenco ufficiale dei Comuni della Svizzera è suddiviso per Cantoni e distretti o unità amministrative cantonali comparabili (ONGeo, art. 19).

fr: Nombre de communes actives (actuelles) par cantons (Linked Data Services)

de: Anzahl aktiver (aktueller) Gemeinden pro Kanton (Linked Data Services)

en: Number of active communes (current) by canton (Linked Data Services)

it: Numero di comuni attivi (attuale) per cantone (Linked Data Services)

fr: Linked Data Services

en: Linked Data Services

de: Linked Data Services

it: Linked Data Services

fr: Nombre d’anciennes communes (plus actuelles) par canton (Linked Data Services)

de: Anzahl ehemaliger (nicht mehr aktueller) Gemeinden pro Kanton (Linked Data Services)

en: Number of former ("no longer current") communes per canton (Linked Data Services)

it: Numero di ex comuni (non più attuali) per cantone (Linked Data Services)

fr: Evolution du nombre de communes en Suisse depuis 1960 (Linked Data Services)

de: Evolution der Anzahl der Gemeinden in der Schweiz seit 1960 (Linked Data Services)

en: Evolution of the number of communes in Switzerland since 1960 (Linked Data Services)

it: Evoluzione del numero di comuni in Svizzera dal 1960 (Linked Data Services)

fr: Cette liste est gérée par l’Office fédéral de la statistique (OFS), qui y intègre toutes les modifications publiées dans la Feuille fédérale par la Géodésie et Direction fédérale des mensurations cadastrales (swisstopo). La liste historisée des communes - conforme à la dernière version du standard eCH-0071 - contient toutes les communes à partir de 1848 et leurs mutations, sert de référence pour l’identification et la désignation des communes dans de nombreuses opérations administratives aux niveaux fédéral, cantonal et communal de même que dans le secteur privé.

en: This list is managed by the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) and is updated according to the latest changes published in the Federal Gazette by the Geodesy and Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying (swisstopo). The historical list of communes - according to the latest version of the eCH-0071 standard - contains all the communes since 1848 and their mutations and serves as a reference for the identification and the designation of communes in several administrative operations at federal, cantonal and communal level, as well as in the private sector.

de:
Das Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS) führt dieses und übernimmt darin alle von der Geodäsie und Eidgenössische Vermessungsdirektion (swisstopo) im Bundesblatt publizierten Änderungen.
Das historisierte Gemeindeverzeichnis gemäss der letzten Version des eCH-0071-Standards mit allen Gemeinden ab 1848 und ihren Mutationen, wird als Grundlagenverzeichnis für Gemeindeidentifikation und Gemeindenamen auf Stufe Bund, Kantone und Gemeinden sowie in der Privatwirtschaft eingesetzt.

it: Questo elenco è gestito dall'Ufficio federale di statistica (UST), che vi riprende tutte le modifiche pubblicate nel Foglio federale dalla Geodesia e Direzione federale delle misurazioni catastali (swisstopo). L'elenco storicizzato dei Comuni - conforme all'ultima versione dello standard eCH-0071 - contiene tutti i Comuni dal 1848 e le loro mutazioni, serve da riferimento per identificare e designare i Comuni in numerose operazioni amministrative a livello federale, cantonale e comunale, oltre che nel settore privato.

statistical-basis

fr: Bases statistiques

de: Statistische Grundlagen

en: Statistical basis

it: Basi statistiche

geography

fr: Géographie

de: Geographie

en: Geography

it: Geografia

bundesamt-fur-statistik-bfs

fr: Office fédéral de la statistique OFS

de: Bundesamt für Statistik BFS

en: Federal Statistical Office FSO

it: Ufficio federale di statistica UST

fr: L'OFS est le centre de compétence de la statistique publique suisse. Il produit des informations statistiques sur la population, l'économie, la société, la formation et la recherche, le territoire et l'environnement. Ces informations servent à la formation de l’opinion publique. Elles sont un outil de planification et de gouvernance dans tous les domaines de l’action politique et contribuent au bon fonctionnement de notre État moderne et démocratique.

de: Das BFS ist das nationale Kompetenzzentrum der öffentlichen Statistik der Schweiz. Es produziert und publiziert statistische Informationen über den Stand und die Entwicklung von Bevölkerung, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Bildung, Forschung, Raum und Umwelt. Diese Informationen dienen der Meinungsbildung in der Bevölkerung sowie der Planung und Steuerung von zentralen Politikbereichen. Sie leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag für einen modernen, demokratischen Staat.

en: The FSO is Switzerland's national competence centre for official statistics. It produces and publishes statistical information on the status and development of the population, economy, society, education, research, territory and the environment. This information is used for opinion building among the population and for the planning and management of key policy areas. They make an important contribution to a modern, democratic state.

it: L’UST è il centro di competenza nazionale per la statistica pubblica della Svizzera. Produce e pubblica informazioni statistiche sullo stato e sull'evoluzione della popolazione, dell'economia, della società, della formazione, della ricerca, del territorio e dell'ambiente. Queste informazioni servono alla formazione dell'opinione pubblica nonché alla pianificazione e alla gestione in ambiti politici di centrale importanza. Forniscono un importante contributo per uno Stato moderno e democratico.


wms-emmen

title_for_slug: wms-emmen

fr: reseau-de-transport geoservice point-dinteret-poi velo centre-de-loisirs pieton sig-systeme-dinformation-geographique ouvrage-dart plan-de-quartier plan-de-ville axe-routier batiment dechets energie information transport

de: verkehrsnetz geodienst point-of-interest-poi fahrrad freizeitanlage fussganger gis-geografisches-informationssystem kunstbau quartierplan stadtplan strassenachse bauwesen-und-gebaute-umwelt abfall energie information-ausbildung-kultur verkehr

en: traffic-network geoservice point-of-interest-poi bike leisure-facility pedestrian gis-geographic-information-system art-construction quarter-map city-map road-axis building waste energy information transport

it: rete-di-trasporto geoservizio punto-di-interesse-poi bicicletta centro-per-il-tempo-libero pedone sig-sistema-informativo-geografico opera-di-costruzione piano-di-quartiere carta-di-citta asse-stradale edilizia rifiuti energia informazione trasporti

label: Geoportal Emmen mit Links zum Geoviewer Emmen, WMS Emmen und weiteren Emmen relevanter Geoportale

label: geocat.ch permalink

de: DE#WMS Emmen

de: DE#WMS Emmen mit allen öffentlichen Daten der Gemeinde Emmen

format: WMS

de: DE#DE#DE#WFS mit allen öffentlichen Geodaten der Gemeinde Emmen|FR#|EN#|IT#|FR#|EN#|IT#

format: WFS

fr: Service de carte avec les bâtiments de l'école dans la commune de Emmen

de: Kartendienst mit allen öffentlichen Daten der Gemeinde Emmen. Enthält Datenlayer zu: Points of Interest (Schulhäuser, Sportanlagen, Spielplätze, Gastrobetriebe Frühförderangebote), Strassendaten (Kunstbauten, Fussgängerstreifen, Verkehrsspiegel, Parkplätze und Veloparkierungsanlagen, Sitzbänke, Abfalleimer, Robidog, Tempo30- und Begegnungszonen, Bushaltestellen), Grünflächen, Quartiervereine, Energieplanung

de: Gemeinde Emmen

de: Emmen ist mit mehr als 31'000 Einwohnern nach der Stadt Luzern die Gemeinde mit der zweithöchsten Einwohnerzahl im Kanton Luzern. Gemäss kommunaler GIS-Strategie (https://www.emmen.ch/publikationen/344959) stellt Emmen Geodaten öffentlich zur Verfügung, soweit keine Schutzgründe/Datensicherheitsrestriktionen entgegenstehen. Geodaten werden in Form von Kartendiensten auf dem kommunalen Geoportal: https://www.emmen.ch/gemeindeinzahlen/43855 publiziert und als WMS zur öffentlichen Verfügung gestellt. Die zugrunde liegenden Geodaten und Geodienste werden in geocat.ch dokumentiert, die publizierten WMS auf opendata.swiss sind mit geocat.ch synchronisiert.

political_level: commune

value: Gemeinde Emmen - Geocat Harvester

de: WMS Emmen


licht-markt-schweiz

title_for_slug: Licht-Markt Schweiz

de: ogd25-bfe leuchtmittel lampen leuchten beleuchtung licht markt verkauf erhebung statistik

fr: Marché suisse de l’éclairage

de: Licht-Markt Schweiz

it: Mercato svizzero dell'illuminazione

fr: Marché suisse de l’éclairage - ampoules et luminaires

de: Licht-Markt Schweiz - Leuchtmittel und Leuchten

fr: Marché suisse de l’éclairage - capteurs

de: Licht-Markt Schweiz - Sensoren

fr: Depuis 2015, l'Association suisse pour l'éclairage (SLG), mandatée par l'Office fédéral de l'énergie (OFEN), a relevé chaque année les chiffres de vente des lampes et des luminaires en Suisse. L'analyse se base sur environ 140 à 170 retours d'informations de la part des fabricants et des commerçants du secteur de l'éclairage en Suisse. Les chiffres sont disponibles pour la première fois pour l'année 2014. La statistique du marché suisse de l'éclairage distingue les ampoules et les luminaires par technologie et par type. A partir de l'année 2020, des chiffres supplémentaires collectés sont disponibles pour les capteurs d'éclairage. Cette statistique complémentaire Marché suisse des capteurs d'éclairage est également différenciée par type. Elle se base en partie sur l'enquête sur le marché de l'éclairage ainsi que sur les retours de tous les membres de sensNORM, ce qui fait que tous les fabricants de capteurs renommés y participent.

de: Die Schweizer Licht Gesellschaft (SLG) hat im Auftrag des Bundesamts für Energie (BFE) seit 2015 jährlich die Absatzzahlen von Lampen und Leuchten in der Schweiz erhoben. Die Basis für die Analyse bilden rund 140 bis 170 Rückmeldungen von Herstellern und dem Handel aus der Beleuchtungsbranche in der Schweiz. Zahlen liegen erstmals für das Jahr 2014 vor. Die Statistik Licht-Markt Schweiz unterscheidet die Leuchtmittel und Leuchten nach Technologie und Typ. Ab dem Jahr 2020 sind zusätzlich erhobene Zahlen zu den Sensoren für die Beleuchtung vorhanden. Diese ergänzende Statistik Beleuchtungssensoren-Markt Schweiz ist ebenfalls nach Typen differenziert. Sie basiert teilweise auf der Erhebung zum Licht-Markt sowie auf Rückmeldungen aller sensNORM-Mitglieder, wodurch alle namhaften Sensorhersteller beteiligt sind.

trade

fr: Commerce

de: Handel

en: Trade

it: Commercio

energy

fr: Energie

de: Energie

en: Energy

it: Energia

industry

fr: Industrie, services

de: Industrie, Dienstleistungen

en: Industry and services

it: Industria, servizi

bundesamt-fur-energie-bfe

fr: Office fédéral de l'énergie OFEN

de: Bundesamt für Energie BFE

en: Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE

it: Ufficio federale dell'energia UFE

fr: L'Office fédéral de l'énergie (OFEN) est le centre de compétences du Département fédéral de l'environnement, des transports, de l'énergie et de la communication (DETEC) pour les questions liées à l'approvisionnement en énergie et à son utilisation.

de: Das Bundesamt für Energie (BFE) ist das Kompetenzzentrum für Fragen der Energieversorgung und der Energienutzung im Eidgenössischen Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation (UVEK).

en: The Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) is the country's competence centre for issues relating to energy supply and energy use at the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC).

it: L'Ufficio federale dell'energia (UFE) è il centro di competenza in materia di approvvigionamento e di impiego dell'energia in seno al Dipartimento federale dell'ambiente, dei trasporti, dell'energia e delle comunicazioni (DATEC).


swisstopo

geography

de: Geographie

territory

fr: Territoire et environnement

de: Raum und Umwelt

en: Territory and environment

it: Territorio e ambiente

title_for_slug: swisstopo

fr: geodonnees-de-base inspire unites-administratives nationales limite-administrative

de: geobasisdaten inspire verwaltungseinheiten national verwaltungsgrenze

en: official-geodata inspire administrative-units national administrative-boundary

it: geodati-di-base inspire unita-amministrative nazionali confine-amministrativo

spatial: Switzerland

en: Administrative units Switzerland - INSPIRE - reference system CH1903+ / LV95

en: Administrative units Switzerland - INSPIRE - reference system ETRS89 / UTM zone 32N

en: Administrative units Switzerland - INSPIRE - reference system ETRS89 / ETRS-LAEA

en: Administrative units Switzerland - INSPIRE - reference system WGS84 Web Mercator

en: Administrative units Switzerland - INSPIRE - reference system WGS 84

fr: "Limites administratives" est une sous-couche des unités administratives et est basée sur le jeu de données swissBOUNDARIES3D de swisstopo. Ce jeu de données contient toutes les unités administratives et les frontières nationales de la Suisse et de la Principauté du Liechtenstein sous forme vectorielle. Le produit est basé sur un modèle de données optimisé pour la Suisse et est conforme aux données de l'Office fédéral de la statistique. swissBOUNDARIES3D remplace le jeu de données GG25 à partir de 2010.

de: Verwaltungsgrenzen ist ein Sub Layer von Verwaltungseinheiten und basiert auf dem Datensatz swissBOUNDARIES3D von swisstopo. Dieser Datensatz enthält alle Verwaltungseinheiten und Landesgrenzen der Schweiz und des Fürstentums Liechtenstein in Vektorform. Das Produkt basiert auf einem optimierten Datenmodell für die Schweiz und ist konform mit den Daten des Bundesamtes für Statistik. swissBOUNDARIES3D ersetzt ab 2010 den Datensatz GG25.

en: Administrative boundary is a sub layer of Administrative units and is based on the data set swissBOUNDARIES3D by swisstopo. It contains all administrative units and national boundaries of Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein in vector form. The product is based on an optimized data model for Switzerland and conforms to the data of the Swiss Federal Statistical Office. swissBOUNDARIES3D replaces the GG25 dataset from 2010 onwards.

fr: Office fédéral de topographie swisstopo

de: Bundesamt für Landestopografie swisstopo

en: Federal Office of Topography swisstopo

it: Ufficio federale di topografia swisstopo

fr: Le centre de compétence de la Confédération suisse pour les informations géographiques, c'est-à-dire pour la description, la représentation et l’archivage de données à référence spatiale.

de: Das Kompetenzzentrum der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft für Geoinformation, d.h. für die Beschreibung, Darstellung und Archivierung von raumbezogenen Geodaten.

en: The centre of competence for the Swiss Confederation responsible for geographical reference data, for instance the description, representation and archiving of geographic spatial data.

it: Il centro d’eccellenza della Confederazione Elvetica per geoinformazione, cioè per la descrizione, rappresentazione e archiviazione dei dati georeferenziati (geodati).

value: Swisstopo - Geocat Harvester

fr: Limites administratives de la Suisse – INSPIRE

de: Verwaltungsgrenzen der Schweiz – INSPIRE

en: Administrative boundary Switzerland - INSPIRE


geography

fr: Géographie

en: Geography

de: flugplatz luftfahrt sachplan flughafen zivilluftverkehr luftverkehr verkehrsnetze bgdi-bundesgeodaten-infrastruktur

label: Link zu Detailbeschreibung (ARE)

label: Link zu Geoinformation

label: Link zum Fachportal

spatial: Schweiz

fr: Map (Preview) Aperçu map.geo.admin.ch

de: Map (Preview) Vorschau map.geo.admin.ch

en: Map (Preview)  map.geo.admin.ch

it: Map (Preview) Previsione map.geo.admin.ch

fr: Aperçu map.geo.admin.ch

de: Vorschau map.geo.admin.ch

en: Preview map.geo.admin.ch

it: Previsione map.geo.admin.ch

fr: RESTful API de geo.admin.ch

de: RESTful API von geo.admin.ch

en: RESTful API from geo.admin.ch

it: RESTful API da geo.admin.ch

format: API

fr: Lien vers la distribution des données

de: Link für Datenbezug

en: Link for data download

it: Link per le fonti dei dati

format: HTML

fr: Lien vers le WMS

de: Link zum WMS

en: Link to WMS

it: Link verso WMS

media_type: INTERLIS

format: INTERLIS

protocol: WWW:DOWNLOAD:Geopackage (ogc)

media_type: Geopackage (ogc)

format: GPKG

fr: Consultations des cantons et des communes sur le plan sectoriel des transports, partie Infrastructure aéronautique (PSIA), avec information et participation de la population, conformément à l’art. 19 OAT, en cours ou terminées.

de: Laufende oder vergangene Anhörungen der Kantone und Gemeinden sowie Information und Mitwirkung der Bevölkerung nach Art. 19 RPV des Sachplans Verkehr, Teil Infrastruktur Luftfahrt (SIL)

en: Current or past consultations of the cantons and communes as well as information and participation of the population in accordance with Art. 19 RPV of the Sectoral Plan on transport, aviation infrastructure section (SIL)

it: Audizioni dei Cantoni e dei Comuni in corso o concluse nonché informazione e partecipazione della popolazione conformemente all’articolo 19 OPT in relazione al piano settoriale dei trasporti, parte Infrastruttura aeronautica (PSIA)

bundesamt-fur-zivilluftfahrt-bazl

fr: Office fédéral de l'aviation civile OFAC

de: Bundesamt für Zivilluftfahrt BAZL

en: Federal Office of Civil Aviation FOCA

it: Ufficio federale dell’aviazione civile UFAC

fr: L’Office fédéral de l’aviation civile (OFAC) est l’organe compétent en matière de politique aéronautique et de surveillance de l'aviation civile suisse. Placé sous l’autorité du Département fédéral de l’environnement, des transports, de l’énergie et de la communication (DETEC), l’OFAC veille à ce que l’aviation civile suisse bénéficie d’un niveau de sécurité élevé et suive un développement durable.

de: Das Bundesamt für Zivilluftfahrt (BAZL) ist für die Luftfahrtentwicklung und die Aufsicht über die zivile Luftfahrt in der Schweiz zuständig. Das BAZL gehört zum Eidgenössischen Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation (UVEK) und ist dafür verantwortlich, dass die Zivilluftfahrt in der Schweiz ein hohes Sicherheitsniveau aufweist und eine nachhaltige Entwicklung verfolgt.

en: The Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA) is responsible for aviation development and the supervision of civil aviation activities in Switzerland. The FOCA is part of the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC) and is charged with ensuring that the high safety standards in civil aviation in Switzerland are maintained, and with pursuing a policy of sustainable development.

it: L’Ufficio federale dell’aviazione civile (UFAC), che fa parte del Dipartimento federale dell’ambiente, dei trasporti, dell’energia e delle comunicazioni (DATEC), è responsabile dell’evoluzione nel settore aeronautico e della sorveglianza sull’aviazione civile in Svizzera. Esso garantisce uno standard di sicurezza elevato e promuove il principio dello sviluppo sostenibile nell’aviazione civile elvetica.

value: BAZL - Geocat Harvester

fr: Plan sectoriel des transports, partie Infrastructure aéronautique (PSIA) - consultations

de: Sachplan Verkehr, Teil Infrastruktur Luftfahrt (SIL) - Anhörungen

en: Sectoral plan on transport, aviation infrastructure section (SIL) - consultations

it: Piano settoriale dei trasporti, parte Infrastruttura aeronautica (PSIA) - consultazioni


swisstlmregio-buildings

title_for_slug: swisstlmregio-buildings

de: gis-geografisches-informationssystem landschaftsmodell geographisches-informationssystem gebaude bgdi-bundesgeodaten-infrastruktur

spatial: swissTLMRegio

fr: Service WMS-IFDG, couche "Bâtiments gén. swissTLMRegio"

de: WMS-BGDI Dienst, Layer "Einzelgebäude gen. swissTLMRegio"

en: WMS-FSDI service, layer "Building generalized swissTLMRegio"

it: Servizio WMS-IFDG, strato "Edifici gen. swissTLMRegio"

fr: Service WMTS-IFDG, couche , Layer "Bâtiments gén. swissTLMRegio"

de: WMTS-BGDI Dienst, Layer "Einzelgebäude gen. swissTLMRegio"

en: WMTS-FSDI service, layer "Building generalized swissTLMRegio"

it: Servizio WMTS-IFDG, strato "Edifici gen. swissTLMRegio"

format: WMTS

fr: Shop

de: Shop

en: Shop

it: Shop

fr: Le Topic Buildings comprend les bâtiments isolés. Il est composé d'une feature class. Les bâtiments saisis représentent, du fait de la forte généralisation liée à l'échelle, en réalité souvent des groupes de bâtiments. Le Topic Buildings ne sert par conséquent pas à l'identification de bâtiments isolés mais représente plutôt un moyen d'orientation auxiliaire.

de: Der Topic Buildings umfasst die Einzelgebäude. Er besteht aus einer Feature Class. Die zugewiesenen Gebäude sind wegen der massstabsbedingten starken Generalisierung in Wirklichkeit häufig Gebäudegruppen bzw. Blöcke. Der Topic Building dient somit nicht der Identifikation von Einzelgebäuden, sondern stellt eher eine Orientierungshilfe dar.

en: The Topic Building contains individual buildings. It consists of one feature class.Because of the effects of generalisation, the assigned buildings in the real world are often groups of buildings. Therefore, the topic Building is not suitable for the identification of single buildings but is rather an orientation aid.

it: Il topic Buildings comprende gli edifici isolati. È composto da una feature class. Per via della forte generalizzazione, in realtà gli edifici assegnati al topic sono spesso gruppi di edifici o blocchi. Il topic Building non serve dunque all'identificazione di edifici isolati, ma costituisce piuttosto uno strumento di orientamento.

name: Bundesamt für Landestopografie swisstopo

fr: swissTLMRegio Buildings

de: swissTLMRegio Buildings

en: swissTLMRegio Buildings

it: swissTLMRegio Buildings


swisstlmregio-hohenkoten

geography

de: Geographie

it: Geografia

territory

fr: Territoire et environnement

de: Raum und Umwelt

en: Territory and environment

it: Territorio e ambiente

title_for_slug: swisstlmregio-hohenkoten

de: kirche geographisches-informationssystem hohenkote gis-geografisches-informationssystem schloss landschaftsmodell antenne einzelsignatur hohe bgdi-bundesgeodaten-infrastruktur

fr: Service WMS-IFDG, couche "Cotes d`altitude swissTLMRegio"

de: WMS-BGDI Dienst, Layer "Höhenkoten swissTLMRegio"

en: WMS-FSDI service, layer "Elevations swissTLMRegio"

it: Servizio WMS-IFDG, strato "Altitudini swissTLMRegio"

fr: Service WMTS-IFDG, couche , Layer "Cotes d'altitude swissTLMRegio"

de: WMTS-BGDI Dienst, Layer "Höhenkoten swissTLMRegio"

en: WMTS-FSDI service, layer "Elevations swissTLMRegio"

it: Servizio WMTS-IFDG, strato "Altitudini swissTLMRegio"

fr: Le Topic Miscellaneous comprend une sélection d'objets ponctuels et linéaires marquants ainsi que des cotes d'altitude. Il est composé de sixfeature classes. Feature Class GeodPoint Cotes d'altitude

de: Der Topic Miscellaneous umfasst eine Auswahl von markanten punktuellen und linearen Einzelobjekten sowie Höhenkoten. Er besteht aus sechs Feature Classes. Feature Class GeodPoint Höhenkoten

en: The topic Miscellaneous contains a selection of prominent single point and line features and elevation points. It consists of sixfeature classes.

it: Il topic Miscellaneous comprende una selezione di oggetti puntuali e lineari marcati e di altitudini. È composto da sei feature class. Feature class GeodPoint Altitudini

fr: Office fédéral de topographie swisstopo

de: Bundesamt für Landestopografie swisstopo

en: Federal Office of Topography swisstopo

fr: Le centre de compétence de la Confédération suisse pour les informations géographiques, c'est-à-dire pour la description, la représentation et l’archivage de données à référence spatiale.

de: Das Kompetenzzentrum der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft für Geoinformation, d.h. für die Beschreibung, Darstellung und Archivierung von raumbezogenen Geodaten.

en: The centre of competence for the Swiss Confederation responsible for geographical reference data, for instance the description, representation and archiving of geographic spatial data.

fr: swissTLMRegio Cotes d'altitude

de: swissTLMRegio Höhenkoten

en: swissTLMRegio "Miscellaneous"

it: Altitudini swissTLMRegio


fr: rpc prix-de-reference commercialisation-directe ogd60bfe retribution-de-l-injection

de: direktvermarktung referenz-marktpreis kev einspeiseverguetung ogd60bfe

it: prezzo di mercato di riferimento secondo l'art. 15, OPEn

mimetype: SERVICE

fr: Prix de marché de référence (art. 15, OEneR) - prix trimestriel

de: Referenz-Marktpreise (Art. 15, EnFV) - Quartalspreise

fr: Prix de marché de référence (art. 15, OEneR) - prix mensuel

de: Referenz-Marktpreise (Art. 15, EnFV) – Monatspreise

media_type: XML

fr: 2007-2014: Prix du marché selon art. 3 f, al. 3, OEne

de: 2007-2014: Strom-Marktpreis gemäss Art. 3 f, Abs. 3 EnV

fr:
Données archivées pour la période 2007-2014.
Déterminant pour le calcul des coûts non couverts de l'électricité issue des installations de production bénéficiant de la rétribution de l’injection. Moyenne pondérée des prix de la bourse SWISSIX Base avec prise en compte du taux de change.

N'est plus actualisé.

de:
Archivierte Daten aus den 2007-2014 Periode.
Massgebend für die Festlegung der ungedeckten Kosten von Strom aus Erzeugungsanlagen mit Einspeisevergütung. Mengengewichteter Durchschnitt der Preise gemäss SWISSIX Base unter Berücksichtigung des Wechselkurses.

Wird nicht mehr aktualisiert.

fr: 2015-2017: Prix de marché de référence selon l'Art. 3 b bis, Abs. 2 et 3, OEneR

de: 2015-2017: Strom-Marktpreis gemäss Art. 3 b bis, Abs. 2 und 3, EnV

fr:
Données archivées pour la période 2015-2017.
Déterminant pour le calcul des coûts non couverts de l'électricité issue des installations de production bénéficiant de la rétribution de l’injection. Moyenne pondérée en fonction du volume et tenant compte des prix de la bourse SWISSIX Base, du tarif horaire d'injection dans le groupe-bilan pour les énergies renouvelables (GB ER) et du taux de change.

N'est plus actualisé.

de:
Archivierte Daten aus den 2015-2017 Periode.
Massgebend für die Festlegung der ungedeckten Kosten von Strom aus Erzeugungsanlagen mit Einspeisevergütung. Mengengewichteter Durchschnitt der Preise gemäss SWISSIX Base mit der stündlichen Einspeisung in die Bilanzgruppe für erneuerbare Energien (BG-EE) unter Berücksichtigung des Wechselkurses.

Wird nicht mehr aktualisiert.

fr: 2018-2023: Prix de marché de référence selon l'art. 15, OEneR

de: 2018-2023: Referenz-Marktpreise gemäss Art. 15, EnFV

fr:
Données archivées pour la période 2018-2023 (Q1 et Q2).

N'est plus actualisé.

de:
Archivierte Daten aus den 2018-2023 (Q1 und Q2) Periode.

Wird nicht mehr aktualisiert.

fr:
Le prix de marché de référence est déterminant pour la fixation de la prime d’injection pour les installations de production bénéficiant de la rétribution de l’injection. Le prix de marché de référence pour l’électricité issue d’installations photovoltaïques, d’installations hydroélectriques, d’installations de biomasse, d’installations éoliennes et d’installations de géothermie correspond à la moyenne des prix qui sont fixés sur la bourse de l’électricité day-ahead pour le marché suisse, pondérés en fonction de l’injection effective au quart d’heure des installations de la technologie concernée avec mesure de la courbe de charge.
Pour les installations dont la production est annoncée chaque mois, la moyenne mensuelle est applicable. Pour les installations dont la production est annoncée chaque trimestre, la moyenne trimestrielle est applicable.

Les prix s'entendent hors TVA.

de:
Der Referenz-Marktpreis ist für die Festlegung der Einspeiseprämie für Erzeugungsanlagen mit Einspeisevergütung massgebend. Der Referenz-Marktpreis für Elektrizität aus Photovoltaik-, Wasserkraft-, Biomasse-, Windkraft- und Geothermieanlagen entspricht dem Durchschnitt der Preise, die an der Strombörse jeweils für den Folgetag für das Marktgebiet Schweiz festgesetzt werden, gewichtet nach der tatsächlichen viertelstündlichen Einspeisung der lastganggemessenen Anlagen der jeweiligen Technologie. Für Anlagen, deren Produktion monatlich gemeldet wird, gilt der monatliche Durchschnitt. Für Anlagen, deren Produktion vierteljährlich gemeldet wird, gilt der vierteljährliche Durchschnitt.

Die Preise verstehen sich exklusive Mehrwertsteuer.

it:
Il prezzo di mercato di riferimento è decisivo per determinare il premio per l’immissione di elettricità per gli impianti di produzione con rimunerazione per l’immissione di elettricità. Il prezzo di mercato di riferimento per l’elettricità prodotta da impianti fotovoltaici, idroelettrici, a biomassa, eolici e geotermici corrisponde alla media dei prezzi determinati alla borsa elettrica per il giorno successivo per la regione di mercato svizzera, ponderati in base all’effettiva immissione in rete ogni quarto d’ora degli impianti di ciascuna tecnologia sottoposti a una misurazione del profilo di carico. Per gli impianti la cui produzione è comunicata mensilmente, si applica la media mensile. Per gli impianti la cui produzione è comunicata trimestralmente, si applica la media trimestrale.

I prezzi sono al netto dell'IVA.

commercialisation-directe

display_name: commercialisation-directe

direktvermarktung

display_name: direktvermarktung

einspeiseverguetung

display_name: einspeiseverguetung

kev

display_name: kev

prix-de-reference

display_name: prix-de-reference

referenz-marktpreis

display_name: referenz-marktpreis

retribution-de-l-injection

display_name: retribution-de-l-injection

rpc

display_name: rpc

energy

fr: Energie

de: Energie

en: Energy

it: Energia

politics

fr: Politique

de: Politik

en: Politics

it: Politica

prices

fr: Prix

de: Preise

en: Prices

it: Prezzi

bundesamt-fur-energie-bfe

fr: Office fédéral de l'énergie OFEN

de: Bundesamt für Energie BFE

en: Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE

it: Ufficio federale dell'energia UFE

fr: L'Office fédéral de l'énergie (OFEN) est le centre de compétences du Département fédéral de l'environnement, des transports, de l'énergie et de la communication (DETEC) pour les questions liées à l'approvisionnement en énergie et à son utilisation.

de: Das Bundesamt für Energie (BFE) ist das Kompetenzzentrum für Fragen der Energieversorgung und der Energienutzung im Eidgenössischen Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation (UVEK).

en: The Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) is the country's competence centre for issues relating to energy supply and energy use at the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC).

it: L'Ufficio federale dell'energia (UFE) è il centro di competenza in materia di approvvigionamento e di impiego dell'energia in seno al Dipartimento federale dell'ambiente, dei trasporti, dell'energia e delle comunicazioni (DATEC).


swisstlmregio-landcover

geography

fr: Géographie

de: Geographie

en: Geography

territory

fr: Territoire et environnement

de: Raum und Umwelt

title_for_slug: swisstlmregio-landcover

de: wald siedlung see vegetation geographisches-informationssystem fels bodenbedeckung primarflache landschaftsmodell gis-geografisches-informationssystem bgdi-bundesgeodaten-infrastruktur

fr: Map (Preview) Aperçu map.geo.admin.ch

de: Map (Preview) Vorschau map.geo.admin.ch

en: Map (Preview)  map.geo.admin.ch

it: Map (Preview) Previsione map.geo.admin.ch

fr: Aperçu map.geo.admin.ch

de: Vorschau map.geo.admin.ch

en: Preview map.geo.admin.ch

it: Previsione map.geo.admin.ch

fr: Service WMS-IFDG, couche "Couverture sol swissTLMRegio"

de: WMS-BGDI Dienst, Layer "Bodenbedeckung swissTLMRegio"

en: WMS-FSDI service, layer "Land cover swissTLMRegio"

it: Servizio WMS-IFDG, strato "Copertura suolo swissTLMRegio"

fr: Service WMTS-IFDG, couche , Layer "Couverture sol swissTLMRegio"

de: WMTS-BGDI Dienst, Layer "Bodenbedeckung swissTLMRegio"

en: WMTS-FSDI service, layer "Land cover swissTLMRegio"

it: Servizio WMTS-IFDG, strato "Copertura suolo swissTLMRegio"

fr: Shop

de: Shop

fr: RESTful API de geo.admin.ch

de: RESTful API von geo.admin.ch

en: RESTful API from geo.admin.ch

it: RESTful API da geo.admin.ch

fr: Le Topic Landcover décrit la couverture du sol. Il est composé d'une feature class. Les surfaces forment un réseau de surface dans lequel des vides et des superpositions particulières sont autorisées.

de: Der Topic Landcover beschreibt die topografische Bodenbedeckung. Er besteht aus 1 Feature Class. Die Flächen bilden ein Flächennetz, in dem Lücken und bestimmte Überlappungen gemäss der Überlappungsmatrix erlaubt sind.

en: The topic Landcover describes the topographic land cover. It consists of one feature class. The polygons build up a surface network, where gaps and overlays (according to the overlay matrix) are allowed.

it: Il topic Landcover descrive la copertura del suolo. È costituito da un'unica feature class. Le superfici creano una rete di superfici in cui sono consentite lacune e alcune sovrapposizioni secondo la matrice delle sovrapposizioni.

fr: Office fédéral de topographie swisstopo

de: Bundesamt für Landestopografie swisstopo

it: Ufficio federale di topografia swisstopo

fr: Le centre de compétence de la Confédération suisse pour les informations géographiques, c'est-à-dire pour la description, la représentation et l’archivage de données à référence spatiale.

de: Das Kompetenzzentrum der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft für Geoinformation, d.h. für die Beschreibung, Darstellung und Archivierung von raumbezogenen Geodaten.

it: Il centro d’eccellenza della Confederazione Elvetica per geoinformazione, cioè per la descrizione, rappresentazione e archiviazione dei dati georeferenziati (geodati).

fr: swissTLMRegio Landcover

de: swissTLMRegio Landcover

en: swissTLMRegio Landcover

it: swissTLMRegio Landcover


maintainer: Analysen und Perspektiven

title_for_slug: Monatliche Heizgradtage in der Schweiz (gewichtet)

de: energieverbrauch ogd105-bfe energie witterung temperatur

fr: Degrés-jours de chauffage mensuels en Suisse (pondérés)

fr: Les degrés-jours de chauffage correspondent à la somme des écarts quotidiens entre la température extérieure moyenne et une température ambiante de 20°C, et ce pour les jours où la température extérieure moyenne est égale ou inférieure à 12°C. L'expérience montre qu'il faut chauffer en moyenne à partir d'une température extérieure de 12 °C pour maintenir une température ambiante de 20°C. Les degrés-jours de chauffage sont calculés pour l'ensemble de la Suisse en pondérant les valeurs mesurées par 53 stations météorologiques par la population résidant dans leur zone respective. Depuis 2000, la pondération est effectuée selon le recensement de la population 2000.

de: Die Heizgradtage ergeben sich aus der Summe der täglichen Abweichungen der mittleren Aussentemperatur von einer Raumtemperatur von 20°C, und zwar an jenen Tagen, an denen die mittlere Aussentemperatur 12 °C oder weniger beträgt. Dabei geht man von der Erfahrung aus, dass durchschnittlich ab einer Aussentemperatur von 12 °C geheizt werden muss, um eine Raumtemperatur von 20°C aufrechtzuerhalten. Die Heizgradtage werden für die gesamte Schweiz berechnet, indem Messwerte von 53 meteorologischen Stationen mit der jeweils in ihrem Bereich lebenden Wohnbevölkerung gewichtet werden. Seit 2000 wird die Gewichtung gemäss Volkszählung 2000 vorgenommen.

energieverbrauch

display_name: energieverbrauch

temperatur

display_name: temperatur

witterung

display_name: witterung

statistical-basis

fr: Bases statistiques

de: Statistische Grundlagen

en: Statistical basis

it: Basi statistiche

energy

fr: Energie

de: Energie

territory

en: Territory and environment

it: Territorio e ambiente