basal-area-of-dead-wood

title_for_slug: basal-area-of-dead-wood

en:
Sum of the stem cross-section areas of all dead trees in a stand at a height of 1.3 m (dbh measurement height).

Citation:
 > _Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; Herold-Bonardi, A.; Huber M.; Keller, M.; Meile, R.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Traub, B.; Vidondo, B. (2014). Fourth national forest inventory - result tables and maps on the Internet for the NFI 2009-2013 (NFI4b). [Published online 06.11.2014] Available from World Wide Web http://www.lfi.ch/resultate/ Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL. [doi:10.21258/1057112](https://doi.org/10.21258/1057112)_

accessible-forest-without-shrub-forest

display_name: accessible-forest-without-shrub-forest

altitudinal-vegetation-zone

display_name: altitudinal-vegetation-zone

basal-area-of-dead-wood

display_name: basal-area-of-dead-wood

biogeographical-region

display_name: biogeographical-region

canton

display_name: canton

conifers-broadleaves

display_name: conifers-broadleaves

economic-region

display_name: economic-region

lower-higher-altitudinal-zones

display_name: lower-higher-altitudinal-zones

main-tree-species

display_name: main-tree-species

mechanical-strength-of-wood

display_name: mechanical-strength-of-wood

ownership

display_name: ownership

production-region

display_name: production-region

protection-forest-region

display_name: protection-forest-region

tree-state-standing-lying

display_name: tree-state-standing-lying

en: Basal area of dead wood


en: permafrost ground temperature permos borehole

state: active

type: dataset

en: DATASET & PLOTS

format: SERVICE

en: PERMOS DATA POLICY

media_type: application/pdf

format: PDF

en: Map of PERMOS borehole network

en: Processed ground temperature measurements at the Fluelapass permafrost borehole A (FLU_0102) in canton Graubunden, Switzerland. The borehole is located at 2394 m asl on a moderate (26°) North-east slope (45°). The surface material is talus and borehole depth is 23 m. Thermistors used YSI 44006. Year of drilling 2002. This borehole is part of the Swiss Permafrost network, PERMOS (www.permos.ch). Contact phillips@slf.ch for details of processing applied.

borehole

display_name: borehole

ground

display_name: ground

permafrost

display_name: permafrost

permos

display_name: permos

temperature

display_name: temperature

educ

fr: Éducation, culture et sport

de: Bildung, Kultur und Sport

en: Education, culture and sport

it: Istruzione, cultura e sport

envidat

fr: EnviDat: le portail de données environnementales

de: EnviDat: das Umwelt-Datenportal

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

it: EnviDat: il portale dei dati ambientali

fr: EnviDat est le portail de données du WSL; il offre un accès uniformisé et réglementé aux données de surveillance et de recherche en matière d’environnement. Ce portail est capable d’héberger et de publier des ensembles de données précieuses et uniques, qui sont partagées aux quatre coins de la planète. Ce faisant, EnviDat favorise la recherche et contribue à l’avancement des sciences environnementales.

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

de: EnviDat ist das Datenportal der WSL für einen einheitlichen und verwalteten Zugang zu Umweltdaten aus Monitoring- und Forschungsprojekten. Auf dem Portal können Datensätze gehostet und veröffentlicht werden. Durch die weltweite Bereitstellung einzigartiger und wertvoller Datensätze leistet EnviDat einen Beitrag zur Forschung im Bereich der Umweltwissenschaften.

it: EnviDat è il portale dati del WSL che fornisce un accesso unificato e gestito ai dati di monitoraggio ambientale e di ricerca. Il portale ha la capacità di ospitare e pubblicare serie di dati preziosi e unici che vengono condivisi in tutto il mondo. Così facendo, EnviDat promuove la ricerca e contribuisce al progresso della scienza ambientale.

political_level: other

wsl

capacity: public

type: organization

approval_status: approved

key: guid

key: uri

value: Envidat Harvester

en: Processed permafrost borehole data (2394 m asl), Fluelapass A, Switzerland


maintainer: EnviDat Support

en: temperature wind-speed long-term swiss-forest-lab relative-humidity meteorology precipitation meteo climate-change par

en: Site photo of the forest station (NOB)

en: Site photo of the forest station from the side.

mimetype: image/jpeg

en: Data plot of the field station (NOF)

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

mimetype: application/pdf

en: Site aerial photo (Novaggio)

en: Site aerial photo from both Novaggio stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Novaggio stations. Retrieved November 15, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Site photo of the field station (NOF)

en: Site photo of the field station from the side.

en: Forest station data (NOB)

media_type: text/csv

en: Data file.

format: CSV

mimetype: text/csv

en: Field station data (NOF)

en: Data plot of the forest station (NOB)

en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Novaggio in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural deciduous forest stand (NOB) with Turkey oak (_Quercus cerris_; 70 yrs), sweet chestnut (_Castanea sativa_; 90 yrs) and silver birch (_Betula pendula_; 70 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, NOF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Novaggio is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

long-term

display_name: long-term

meteo

display_name: meteo

meteorology

display_name: meteorology

par

display_name: par

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

relative-humidity

display_name: relative-humidity

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

wind-speed

display_name: wind-speed

en: Novaggio, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1996 onwards


swiss-fluxnet-site-davos

title_for_slug: swiss-fluxnet-site-davos

en: swiss-forest-lab forest flux meteorological-measurements icos swiss-fluxnet eddy-covariance greenhouse-gas

en: Processed data

en: Processed flux and meteo data are available from the European Fluxes Database Cluster.

en: Site description

en: Fluxnet2015 dataset

en: Processed flux and meteo data are also part of the Fluxnet2015 dataset.

en: Data access

en: The flux and meteo data of the Swiss FluxNet site Davos are openly available. Near real-time flux and meteo data are uploaded daily to the ICOS Carbon Portal.

en:
The Swiss FluxNet Site Davos is a managed subalpine evergreen forest, located on the Seehorn mountain near Davos in the Swiss Alps. The site is dominated by Norway spruce. The tower is owned by the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN).
Ecosystem flux measurements of CO2, H2O (since 1997) as well as CH4 and N2O (since 2016) are performed with the eddy covariance method.
In addition to Swiss FluxNet, the site is part of the National Air Pollution Monitoring Network (NABEL), the Long term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF), the biological drought and growth indicator network (TreeNet) and of ICOS Switzerland (Integrated Carbon Observation System). Since November 2019, the site is an ICOS Class 1 Ecosystem station.

Measurements

- Ecosystem flux measurements of CO2, H2O vapour (since 1997) as well a CH4 and N2O (since 2016) are performed with the eddy-covariance method. This method is based on measurements of trace gas mixing ratios, using infrared gas analyzers (for CO2, H2O vapor) and laser spectrometers (for CH4 and N2O), combined with wind speed and wind direction measurements, using 3D sonic anemometers. To resolve the short-term turbulent fluctuations in the atmosphere, very fast measurements are needed: we measure at 10-20 Hz, i.e., 10-20 times per second. To assess the energy budget of each ecosystem, also radiation sensors and soil climate profiles are installed at the site.
- Sub-canopy eddy fluxes (CO2, H2O, since 2023 also CH4).
- Continuous profile concentration and forest floor flux measurement of CO2, H2O, CH4, N2O.
- Auxiliary micrometeorology and soil climate measurements.

Data availability

Near real-time flux and meteo data uploaded daily to the ICOS Carbon Portal. Processed flux and meteo data are also available from the European Fluxes Database Cluster and part of Fluxnet2015 dataset.

Data policy

ICOS data license:
[https://www.icos-cp.eu/data-services/about-data-portal/data-license](https://www.icos-cp.eu/data-services/about-data-portal/data-license)

Detailed site info:
[https://www.swissfluxnet.ethz.ch/index.php/sites/ch-dav-davos/site-info-ch-dav/](https://www.swissfluxnet.ethz.ch/index.php/sites/ch-dav-davos/site-info-ch-dav/)

eddy-covariance

display_name: eddy-covariance

flux

display_name: flux

forest

display_name: forest

greenhouse-gas

display_name: greenhouse-gas

icos

display_name: icos

meteorological-measurements

display_name: meteorological-measurements

swiss-fluxnet

display_name: swiss-fluxnet

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Swiss FluxNet Site Davos


en: place-attachment landscape urban-ecology electrodermal-activity sense-of-place

en: 02. Questionnaire Data

media_type: application/zip

format: ZIP

en: 05. Visuals

en: 00. EDA Raw Data

en: 04. Scripts

en: 01. EDA Processed Data

en: 03. Publication Ready Data

en: This repository contains data on EDA measurements of visitors with different cultural backgrounds in virtual urban park settings. The parks are a Persian garden (Shiraz, Iran) and a historical park in Zurich, Switzerland. The cultural background of the visitors is Persian and Central European. The repository contains raw data from EDA, processed time series and statistical procedures.

electrodermal-activity

display_name: electrodermal-activity

landscape

display_name: landscape

place-attachment

display_name: place-attachment

sense-of-place

display_name: sense-of-place

urban-ecology

display_name: urban-ecology

en: Electrodermal Activity (EDA) of Bi-cultural Visitors In Virtual Park Settings


en: snow-avalanche snow-mechanics dynamic-crack-propagation propagation-saw-test experiment crack-propagation

en: Snowpack data and crack propagation characteristics

en: Snowpack data includes the elastic modulus (stiffness properties) of the slab, the elastic modulus of the weak layer, and the specific fracture energy of the weak layer determined with a homogeneous and a layered slab model. During crack propagation, we measured the crack speed, touchdown distance, crack arrest length and energy dissipation due to compaction and dynamic fracture.

en: SNOWPACK modelling

en: The snow cover model SNOWPACK (version 3.60) was used to simulate the evolving snow stratigraphy at our field site. The model was driven with data from an automatic weather station which was located 100m next to the field site (FLS_bunker_snowpack.smet). The SNOWPACK initiation file (FLS_bunker_snowpack.ini) contains the selected model parameters that result in the modeled snow stratigraphy (FLS_bunker_snowpack.pro).

en: Videos of crack propagation

en: The videos show the cracking process in the Propagation Saw Tests (flat field). The upper panel shows strain on top of the recorded movie frames. The second row shows vertical (w, blue line) and horizontal (u, orange line) displacement fields. The third and fourth row show the first and second time derivatives, namely the velocity and acceleration field.

en: Sustained crack propagation index

en: Index of self-sustained crack propagation SSP (ssp_measured.xlsx) with time. The self-sustained crack propagation index SSP was also modelled for simulated snow stratigraphy (ssp_modelled.xlsx) using crack speed and critical cut length parameterizations from Heierli (2005) and Richter et al. (2019), respectively.

en:
This data set includes material and results described in the related research article:

Bergfeld, B., van Herwijnen A., Bobillier, G., Rosendahl P., Weißgraeber P., Adam V., Dual, J., and Schweizer, J.: Temporal evolution of crack propagation characteristics in a weak snowpack layer: conditions of crack arrest and
sustained propagation, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 23, 293-315, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-293-2023, 2023.

We performed a series of propagation saw test experiments, up to ten meters long, over a period of 10 weeks and analyzed these using digital image correlation techniques. We derived the elastic modulus of the slab, the elastic modulus of the weak layer and the specific fracture energy of the weak layer with a homogeneous and a layered slab model. During crack propagation, we measured crack speed, touchdown distance and the energy dissipation due to compaction and dynamic fracture. Our data set provides unique insight and valuable data to validate models.

crack-propagation

display_name: crack-propagation

dynamic-crack-propagation

display_name: dynamic-crack-propagation

experiment

display_name: experiment

propagation-saw-test

display_name: propagation-saw-test

snow-avalanche

display_name: snow-avalanche

snow-mechanics

display_name: snow-mechanics

en: Time series data on dynamic crack propagation in long propagation saw tests


lwf-lantsch-long-term-research-site

title_for_slug: lwf-lantsch-long-term-research-site

en: swiss-forest-lab meteorological-measurements forest meteorological-data lwf plot infrastructure

en: LWF plot Lantsch. Photo: Raphael Siegrist, 2003

en:
![alt text](https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/9e5d6c82-26ac-4818-9458-1ac7c8574bb0/resource/c26169dc-db58-4e69-bc74-9513dbf7bccc/download/lwf_lantsch.jpg "LWF Lantsch")

LWF Plot Lantsch

- Community: Lantsch / canton GR
- Date of installation: 15 September 1997
- Size of the plot: n.d.
- Altitude: 1458-1490 m
- Mean slope: 16%
- Geology (in German): Ostalpin. Gehängeschutt aus mesozoischen Schiefern, Dolomiten und Kalken
- Soil types (WSL) : n.d.
- Woodland association after EK72: 65: Erico-Pinetum silvestris
- Main tree species: Picea abies
- Management system: high forest
- Top-height diameter (quadratic average diameter of the 100 thickest trees per ha): 40.1 cm
- Number of trees BHD >= 12 cm (2011): 709
- Maximum tree age: n.d.

More Information: https://www.wsl.ch/en/forest/forest-development-and-monitoring/long-term-forest-ecosystem-research-lwf/sites/lantsch.html

infrastructure

display_name: infrastructure

lwf

display_name: lwf

meteorological-data

display_name: meteorological-data

plot

display_name: plot

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: LWF Lantsch long-term research site


maintainer: Vanessa Burg

en: bioenergy biogas review switzerland manure

en: Biogas from animal manure in Switzerland: energy potential, technology development and resource mobilization

en: Aim of this white paper is to provide decision-makers, administrations and stakeholders with the most current research findings in order to promote the optimal use of bioenergy from manure in the Swiss energy transition. For this purpose, the results of the Swiss competence center for bioenergy research - SCCER BIOSWEET - are summarized and presented in a broader context. If nothing else is mentioned, the results refer to Switzerland and in case of the feedstock to the domestic biomass potentials.

bioenergy

display_name: bioenergy

biogas

display_name: biogas

manure

display_name: manure

review

display_name: review

switzerland

display_name: switzerland


maintainer: Tessa Hegetschweiler

en: recreational-activities childhood teenagers forest adolescents

en: Survey at schools 2017

en: The dataset of the questionnaire survey at schools in SPSS-format.

en: Questionnaire school survey

en: The questionnaire used in the survey at 8 schools aimed at teenagers in German.

en: Dataset comments

en: The codebook to the dataset

format: XLS

en: Dataset survey at schools

en: The dataset of the questionnaire survey at schools in excel format.

en: The data results from a questionnaire survey conducted at 8 schools in the cantons Zurich, Aargau and St. Gallen. Respondents aged 13-22 years. The aim of the survey was to gain insight into teenagers' relationship to the forest, reasons for visiting or not visiting the forest and activities in the forest.

adolescents

display_name: adolescents

childhood

display_name: childhood

forest

display_name: forest

recreational-activities

display_name: recreational-activities

teenagers

display_name: teenagers

en: Factors influencing teenagers' forest visit frequency


en: strategic-planning hannover plan-evaluation land-use-planning land-change

en: The present dataset is the summary of each planning intention (name, type, development pattern, land use, and link with governance and supra regionel conditions), the explanation of interest, and the mapping from plan.

hannover

display_name: hannover

land-change

display_name: land-change

land-use-planning

display_name: land-use-planning

plan-evaluation

display_name: plan-evaluation

strategic-planning

display_name: strategic-planning

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Planning intention in Hannover urban region


en: risk climada avalanche-hazard-mapping avalanche hazard-indication-mapping

en: Avalanche and Climada files

en:
Avalanche release files.
Avalanche domain files.
Avalanche simulation output files (.tiff).
CLIMADA operational files (.gdf, .hdf5 and .xlsx).

en: Potential release files and the artificial RAMMS avalanche simulation output files as well as exposure geodataframe for the case study region of Ortner et al. 2022. Furthermore, all the necessary files to run the risk model Climada Avalnache which code is located at https://github.com/CLIMADA-project/climada_papers.

avalanche

display_name: avalanche

avalanche-hazard-mapping

display_name: avalanche-hazard-mapping

climada

display_name: climada

hazard-indication-mapping

display_name: hazard-indication-mapping

risk

display_name: risk

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Large-scale risk assessment on snow avalanche hazard in alpine regions


maintainer: Armin Sigmund

en: antarctica stable-water-isotopes backward-trajectories evaporation snow-sublimation lagrangian-analysis isotopic-distillation

en: Readme

media_type: text/plain

en: Meta data

format: TXT

en: Python scripts for data visualization

en: Scripts for generating the figures of the related research article and generating the data files (csv) from the model output

en: Model code

en: Model Sublimation and Model Air Parcel (python scripts)

en: Data

en: Modeled data including the data shown in the figures of the related research article

en:
 Summary

This data set contains Python programming code and modeled data discussed in a related research article. We developed a simple isotope model to study the drivers of the particularly depleted vapour isotopic composition measured on the ship of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition close to the outlet of the Mertz glacier, East Antarctica, in the 6-day period from 27 January 2017 to 1 February 2017. The model considers the stable water isotopologues H2(16O), H2(18O), and HD(16O). It uses data from the ERA5 reanalysis product with a spatial resolution of 0.25° x 0.25° (Hersbach et al., 2018) and 10-day backward trajectories for the location of the ship, published by Thurnherr et al. (2020a). Our data set includes the model code, Python scripts for visualizing the results, and data produced by the model including the results shown in the figures of the related research article. Here, we summarize the most important model characteristics while further details can be found in the readme.txt file and the related research article including its supporting information.

 Main model characteristics

The modeling approach consists of two steps called *Model Sublimation* and *Model Air Parcel*. The former estimates the isotopic compositions of the snow and sublimation flux across the Antarctic Ice Sheet using an Eulerian frame of reference while the latter models the vapour isotopic composition and specific humidity along air parcel trajectories using a Lagrangian frame of reference. The isotope effects of most phase changes are represented by equilibrium fractionation. Only for ocean evaporation, kinetic fractionation is additionally taken into account (original Craig-Gordon formula). For snow sublimation, two assumptions are tested: *Run E* assumes that sublimation is associated with equilibrium fractionation while *Run N* assumes that sublimation occurs without isotopic fractionation.

 Model Sublimation
Model Sublimation uses a simple one-dimensional mass-balance approach in each grid cell, considering snow accumulation due to snowfall and vapour deposition and snow ablation due to sublimation. The snowpack is represented by 100 layers of equal thickness (e.g., 1 cm) and density (350 kg m-3). The isotopic composition of snowfall is parameterized by generalizing a site-specific, empirical relationship between the daily mean air temperature and snowfall isotopic composition. In the case of vapour deposition, Model Sublimation assumes equilibrium fractionation and estimates the isotopic composition of the atmospheric vapour as the average value for two idealized situations: (i) locally sourced vapour which has the same isotopic composition as the sublimation flux; (ii) non-locally sourced vapour in isotopic equilibrium with snowfall. Model Sublimation is run with a time step of 1 h, independently of Model Air Parcel.

 Model Air Parcel
Every hour, an ensemble of trajectories arrives at different heights in the ABL above the ship. For each of these trajectories, we consider an air parcel with a constant volume of 1 x 1 x 1 m3. The air parcels are initialized at the first suitable time when the trajectories are located in the ABL, either over the ice-free ocean in conditions of evaporation or over snow (Antarctic Ice Sheet or sea ice). Subsequently, the masses of the water isotopologues in the air parcels are simulated with a time step of 3 h, considering vapour uptake or removal due to the moisture flux at the snow or liquid ocean surface (only if the parcel is in the ABL) and cloud/precipitation formation (if the saturation specific humidity is reached). Sea ice is taken into account in a very simplified way. We represent the sea ice by grid cells with a sea-ice cover of more than 90% and assume the isotopic composition of the sublimation flux to be identical to that in the nearest grid cell of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. The isotopic composition of the sublimation flux is taken from Model Sublimation whereas the isotopic composition of the vapour deposition flux (over snow) and condensation flux (over ice-free ocean) is simulated assuming an isotopic equilibrium with the air parcel. Isotope effects of cloud/precipitation formation are represented using the classic Rayleigh distillation model with equilibrium fractionation, where the cloud water is assumed to precipitate immediately after formation.

 References

Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horanyi, A., Munoz Sabater, J.,... others (2018). *ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1979 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS)*. doi: 10.24381/cds.bd0915c6

Thurnherr, I., Wernli, H., & Aemisegger, F. (2020a). *10-day backward trajectories from ECMWF analysis data along the ship track of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition in austral summer 2016/2017*. Zenodo. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4031705

antarctica

display_name: antarctica

backward-trajectories

display_name: backward-trajectories

evaporation

display_name: evaporation

isotopic-distillation

display_name: isotopic-distillation

lagrangian-analysis

display_name: lagrangian-analysis

snow-sublimation

display_name: snow-sublimation

stable-water-isotopes

display_name: stable-water-isotopes

en: Modeled Isotopic Composition of Water Vapour Along Air Parcel Trajectories in the Antarctic


en: forest-reserves long-term-monitoring natural-forest-dynamics switzerland permanent-plot

en: Metadata

en: Metadata Forest Reserves Monitoring

en: Metdata Description

en: This document gives an overview on the forest reserves monitoring network and describes the metadata contained in the file metadata.csv

en: Data Access (please log in)

media_type: text/html

format: HTML

en:
Long term monitoring of natural forests provides insights into ecological processes shaping forests without human intervention. To study natural forest dynamics, the former chair of silviculture at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) initiated a network of forest reserves in the late 1940's.
Since 2006, the monitoring is carried out in a cooperation project of the chair of Forest Ecology at ETH, the Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) and the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN). The project relaunch led to a streamlining of the reserve network, which now contains 33 of the original reserves and 16 new reserves.
The main goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of the federal reserve policy by analysing to what extent forest reserves differ from managed forests in terms of structure, dynamics, and habitat quality.

forest-reserves

display_name: forest-reserves

long-term-monitoring

display_name: long-term-monitoring

natural-forest-dynamics

display_name: natural-forest-dynamics

permanent-plot

display_name: permanent-plot

switzerland

display_name: switzerland

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Forest Reserves Monitoring in Switzerland


maintainer: Marcia Phillips

en: temperature permos permafrost borehole gemsstock

en: DATASET & PLOTS

en: Data visualiser and download service provided by PERMOS.

en: Map of PERMOS borehole network

en: PERMOS DATA POLICY

en:
Processed ground temperature measurements at the Gemsstock permafrost borehole in canton Uri, Switzerland. The borehole is located at 2940 m asl on a steep (50°) North-West slope (315°). The surface material is bedrock and borehole depth is 40 m. Thermistors used YSI 44008. Year of drilling 2006. This borehole is part of the Swiss Permafrost network, PERMOS (www.permos.ch). Contact phillips@slf.ch for details of processing applied.

Publications

1. A. Haberkorn, M. Phillips, R. Kenner, H. Rhyner, M. Bavay, S.P. Galos, M. Hoelzle. Thermal regime of rock and its relation to snow cover in steep Alpine rock walls: Gemsstock, central Swiss Alps. 2015. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography. Volume 97. Issue 3. 579–597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geoa.12101. 10.1111/geoa.12101.

2. R. Kenner, M. Phillips, C. Danioth, C. Denier, P. Thee, A. Zgraggen. Investigation of rock and ice loss in a recently deglaciated mountain rock wall using terrestrial laser scanning: Gemsstock, Swiss Alps. 2011. Cold Regions Science and Technology. Volume 67. Issue 3. 157–164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2011.04.006. 10.1016/j.coldregions.2011.04.006.

borehole

display_name: borehole

gemsstock

display_name: gemsstock

permafrost

display_name: permafrost

permos

display_name: permos

temperature

display_name: temperature

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Processed permafrost borehole data (2940 m asl), Gemsstock, Switzerland


en: trockenrasen milieux-naturels sentinel magerrasen fens lebensraum bogs schweiz flachmoore remote-sensing distribution-models fettwiesen dry-grasslands typoch lebensraumkarte

en: Map for TypoCH 2.3.1 (Molinion)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Molinion* (TypoCH 2.3.1) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

format: GeoTIFF

en: Map for TypoCH 4.5.1 (Arrhenatherion)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Arrhenatherion* (TypoCH 4.5.1) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map of the most likely grassland habitat type

en:
Final combined map of the most likely grassland habitat type (i.e., after regional corrections) at 10x10 m resolution

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Value:	    TypoCH     Name
1:           2.2.1       *Magnocaricion* + *Cladetium*
2:           2.2.2       *Caricion fuscae*
3:	 2.2.3	*Caricion davallianae*
4:	 2.3.1	*Molinion	*
5:	 2.3.2/3	*Calthion* + *Filipendulion*
6:	 2.4.1	*Sphagnion magellanici *
7:	 4.0.2	Re-seeded and heavy fertilized grassland/Kunstrasen
8:	 4.2.1/2/3	*Stipo-Poion*, *Xerobromion*, *Diplachnion*
9:	 4.2.4	*Mesobromion *
10:	 4.3.1	*Seslerion*
11:	 4.3.2/4	*Caricion firmae* + *Elynion*
12:	 4.3.3	*Caricion ferrugineae*
13:	 4.3.5	*Nardion*
14:	 4.3.6	*Festucion variae*
15:	 4.3.7	*Caricion curvulae*
16:	 4.5.1	*Arrhenatherion*
17:	 4.5.2	*Polygono-Trisetion*
18:	 4.5.3	*Cynosurion*
19: 4.5.4	*Poion alpinae*
20: 	 4.6	Fallow grassland/Grasbrachen

en: Map for TypoCH 4.5.4 (Poion alpinae)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Poion alpinae* (TypoCH 4.5.4) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map for TypoCH 4.6 (Fallow/Abandoned grassland)

en:
Probability of occurrence for fallow/abandoned grasslands (TypoCH 4.6) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map for TypoCH 2.4.1 (Sphagnion magellanici)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Sphagnion magellanici* (TypoCH 2.4.1) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map for TypoCH 4.5.2 (Polygono-Trisetion)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Polygono-Trisetion* (TypoCH 4.5.2) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map for TypoCH 4.3.6 (Festucion variae)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Festucion variae* (TypoCH 4.3.6) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map for TypoCH 2.3.2/3 (Calthion + Filipendulion)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Calthion* (TypoCH 2.3.2) and *Filipendulion* (TypoCH 2.3.3) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Overview: individual grassland habitats in the combined map

en:
Overview of the occurrence of the individual habitat types in the combined map (M1F):

For each grassland habitat type, its predicted occurrence is shown per elevation, slope, aspect and biogeographic region.

en:
Map of the second most likely grassland habitat type at 10x10 m resolution; Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Value:	 TypoCH  Name
1:  2.2.1  *Magnocaricion* + *Cladetium*
2:  2.2.2  *Caricion fuscae*
3:	 2.2.3	*Caricion davallianae*
4:	 2.3.1	*Molinion	*
5:	 2.3.2/3	*Calthion* + *Filipendulion*
6:	 2.4.1	*Sphagnion magellanici *
7:	 4.0.2	Re-seeded and heavy fertilized grassland/Kunstrasen
8:	 4.2.1/2/3	*Stipo-Poion*, *Xerobromion*, *Diplachnion*
9:	 4.2.4	*Mesobromion *
10:	 4.3.1	*Seslerion*
11:	 4.3.2/4	*Caricion firmae* + *Elynion*
12:	 4.3.3	*Caricion ferrugineae*
13:	 4.3.5	*Nardion*
14:	 4.3.6	*Festucion variae*
15:	 4.3.7	*Caricion curvulae*
16:	 4.5.1	*Arrhenatherion*
17:	 4.5.2	*Polygono-Trisetion*
18:	 4.5.3	*Cynosurion*
19: 4.5.4	*Poion alpinae*
20: 	 4.6	Fallow grassland/Grasbrachen

en: List of modelled grassland habitat types

en:
List of the 20 grassland habitat types modelled

Attributes: TypoCH, Modelled, Latin, Français, Deutsch, Italiano, English

en: Map for TypoCH 4.3.3 (Caricion ferrugineae)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Caricion ferrugineae* (TypoCH 4.3.3) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map for TypoCH 4.3.1 (Seslerion)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Seslerion* (TypoCH 4.3.1) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map for TypoCH 4.2.1/2/3 (Stipo-Poion/Cirsio-Brachypodion/Xerobromion)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Stipo Poion* (TypoCH 4.2.1.1), *Cirsio-Brachypodion* (TypoCH 4.2.1.2), *Xerobromion* (TypoCH 4.2.2) and *Diplachnion* (TypoCH 4.2.3) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map for TypoCH 2.2.2 (Caricion fuscae)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Caricion fuscae* (TypoCH 2.2.2) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map for TypoCH 2.2.3 (Caricion davallianae)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Caricion davallianae* (TypoCH 2.2.3) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map for TypoCH 4.2.4 (Mesobromion)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Mesobromion* (TypoCH 4.2.4) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map for TypoCH 2.3.2/4 (Caricion firmae + Elynion)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Caricion firmae* (TypoCH 4.3.2) and *Elynion* (TypoCH 4.3.4) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map for TypoCH 4.3.7 (Caricion curvulae)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Caricion curvulae* (TypoCH 4.3.7) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map for TypoCH 4.5.3 (Cynosurion)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Cynosurion* (TypoCH 4.5.3) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en: Map for TypoCH 4.3.5 (Nardion)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Nardion* (TypoCH 4.3.5) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en:
Countrywide ensemble maps of the 20 grassland habitat types

(1) Median predicted probability of occurrence

(2) Standard deviation of predicted probability of occurrence

(3) Presence/Absence map

en: Map for TypoCH 2.2.1 (Magnocaricion + Cladietum)

en:
Probability of occurrence for *Magnocaricion* and *Cladietum* (TypoCH 2.2.1) as predicted by the ensemble models

Values: 0-1000 corresponding to probabilities of occurrence from 0-1

Coordinate System: CH1903+_LV95

Spatial resolution: 10x10m

Remarks: No masking applied to remove non-grassland areas such as forested areas, etc.

en:
We modelled the spatial distribution of 20 permanent grassland habitats at the level of phytosociological alliances according to the Swiss habitat typology (TypoCH; Delarze et al. 2015) at 10x10 m resolution across Switzerland. The 20 grassland habitat types belong to the following habitat groups: fens, wet meadows, raised bogs, re-seeded and heavy fertilized grasslands, dry grasslands, nutrient-poor alpine and subalpine grasslands, nutrient-rich pastures and meadows as well as fallow grasslands.

We followed a two-step approach:

(1) Ensemble models provide **distribution maps of the 20 individual grassland habitat types**, using training data from various sources. Predictors were Copernicus Sentinel satellite imagery and variables describing climate, soil and topography. The performance of these maps was assessed with the True Skill Statistics and split‐sampling of the data.

Available maps for each grassland habitat: (1) *Map of the median of predicted probability of occurrence*; (2) *Map of the standard deviation of the predicted probability of occurrence* (available upon request); (3) *Binary presence/absence map* (available upon request). For an overview, see *Overview: Maps of the individual grassland habitats*.

(2) **Combined maps**: The individual maps were combined into countrywide maps of the most and second most likely habitat type, respectively, using an expert‐based weighting approach. The performance of the combined map for the most likely habitat type was assessed via an independent testing dataset and a comparison of the predicted habitat‐type proportions with extrapolations from field surveys.

Available combined maps: Map of the most likely habitat type (M1F; after regional corrections); Map of the second most likely habitat type (M2); Map of the most likely habitat type without regional corrections (available upon request); Map of the weighted median of the predicted probability of occurrence for the most/second most likely habitat type, respectively (available upon request); map of the ratio of the probabilities of occurrence of the most and second most likely habitat types (available upon request)

bogs

display_name: bogs

distribution-models

display_name: distribution-models

dry-grasslands

display_name: dry-grasslands

fens

display_name: fens

fettwiesen

display_name: fettwiesen

flachmoore

display_name: flachmoore

lebensraum

display_name: lebensraum

lebensraumkarte

display_name: lebensraumkarte

magerrasen

display_name: magerrasen

milieux-naturels

display_name: milieux-naturels

remote-sensing

display_name: remote-sensing

en: Distribution maps of permanent grassland habitats for Switzerland


yield-of-live-bole-wood

title_for_slug: yield-of-live-bole-wood

en:
Volume of stemwood at least 7 cm in diameter (limit for coarse wood) without the bark and stump that were living trees or shrubs starting at 12 cm dbh in the pre-inventory and were cut between two inventories.

Citation:
 > _Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; Herold-Bonardi, A.; Huber M.; Keller, M.; Meile, R.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Traub, B.; Vidondo, B. (2014). Fourth national forest inventory - result tables and maps on the Internet for the NFI 2009-2013 (NFI4b). [Published online 06.11.2014] Available from World Wide Web http://www.lfi.ch/resultate/ Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL. [doi:10.21258/1057112](https://doi.org/10.21258/1057112)_

biogeographical-region

display_name: biogeographical-region

conifers-broadleaves

display_name: conifers-broadleaves

economic-region

display_name: economic-region

main-type-of-harvest

display_name: main-type-of-harvest

ownership

display_name: ownership

potential-cost-for-timber-harvesting

display_name: potential-cost-for-timber-harvesting

production-region

display_name: production-region

protection-forest-region

display_name: protection-forest-region

yield-of-live-bole-wood

display_name: yield-of-live-bole-wood

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Yield of live bole wood


mortality

title_for_slug: mortality

en:
Volume of stemwood with bark of all trees and shrubs starting at 12 cm dbh that died or disappeared between two inventories, but were not cut. *In the calculation no D7/tree height data were used. The values calculated like this have not been corrected for bias, but allow for cantons or forest districts a more robust estimation of changes and could thus be better interpreted.

Citation:
 > _Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; Herold-Bonardi, A.; Huber M.; Keller, M.; Meile, R.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Traub, B.; Vidondo, B. (2014). Fourth national forest inventory - result tables and maps on the Internet for the NFI 2009-2013 (NFI4b). [Published online 06.11.2014] Available from World Wide Web http://www.lfi.ch/resultate/ Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL. [doi:10.21258/1057112](https://doi.org/10.21258/1057112)_

canton

display_name: canton

mortality-star

display_name: mortality-star

en: Mortality*


en:
Number of stems of all living and dead trees and shrubs starting at 12 cm dbh recorded according to the NFI1 method. In NFI1 only those dead trees were recorded whose wood could still be exploited.

Citation:
 > _Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; Herold-Bonardi, A.; Huber M.; Keller, M.; Meile, R.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Traub, B.; Vidondo, B. (2014). Fourth national forest inventory - result tables and maps on the Internet for the NFI 2009-2013 (NFI4b). [Published online 06.11.2014] Available from World Wide Web http://www.lfi.ch/resultate/ Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL. [doi:10.21258/1057112](https://doi.org/10.21258/1057112)_

accessible-forest-without-shrub-forest

display_name: accessible-forest-without-shrub-forest

altitudinal-vegetation-zone

display_name: altitudinal-vegetation-zone

giants

display_name: giants

lower-higher-altitudinal-zones

display_name: lower-higher-altitudinal-zones

main-tree-species

display_name: main-tree-species

tree-state-alive-dead

display_name: tree-state-alive-dead

tree-status

display_name: tree-status

en: Total stem number NFI1


maintainer: Matthias Haeni

en: relative-humidity precipitation climate-change par temperature swiss-forest-lab wind-speed meteo long-term meteorology

en: Data plot of the forest station (NAB)

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

en: Site photo of the forest station (NAB)

en: Site photo of the forest station from the side.

en: Forest station data (NAB)

en: Data file.

en: Data plot of the field station (NAF)

en: Site aerial photo (Nationalpark)

en: Site aerial photo from both Nationalpark stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Nationalpark stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Site photo of the field station (NAF)

en: Site photo of the field station form the side.

en: Field station data (NAF)

en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Nationalpark in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural coniferous forest stand (NAB) with mountain pine (_Pinus mugo_; 210 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, NAF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Nationalpark is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

long-term

display_name: long-term

meteo

display_name: meteo

meteorology

display_name: meteorology

par

display_name: par

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

relative-humidity

display_name: relative-humidity

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

temperature

display_name: temperature

wind-speed

display_name: wind-speed

en: Nationalpark, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards


en: lfi 2009-2017 forest national-forest-inventory nfi

en: Corrigendum / Erratum

en: Registration in DORA

format: API

en:
Swiss National Forest Inventory. Results of the fourth survey 2009–2017.
The collection of data for the fourth National Forest Inventory (NFI) was carried out from 2009 to 2017, on average eight years after the third survey. The findings about state and development of Swiss forests are described and explained in detail. The report is structured according to the European criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management, namely: forest resources, health and vitality, wood production, biological diversity, protection forest and social economy. Finally, conclusions about sustainability are drawn based on the NFI findings.
Keywords: forest area, growing stock, increment, yield, forest structure, forest condition, timber production, biodiversity, protection forest, recreation, sustainability, results National Forest Inventory, Switzerland

Inventaire forestier national suisse. Résultats du quatrième inventaire 2009-2017.
Les relevés du quatrième inventaire forestier national suisse (IFN) ont eu lieu entre 2009 et 2017, en moyenne huit ans après le troisième inventaire. Les résultats sur l’état et l’évolution de la forêt suisse sont présentés et expliqués en détail. Le rapport est structuré thématiquement selon les critères et indicateurs européens pour la gestion durable des forêts : ressources forestières, santé et vitalité, production de bois, diversité biologique, forêt protectrice et socio-économie. L’ouvrage s’achève par un bilan de la durabilité basé sur les résultats de l’IFN.
Mots-clés : surface forestière, volume de bois, accroissement, exploitation, structure de la forêt, état de la forêt, production de bois, biodiversité, forêt protectrice, récréation, durabilité, résultats de l’inventaire forestier national, Suisse

Content license: All rights reserved. Copyright © 2020 by WSL, Birmensdorf.

forest

display_name: forest

lfi

display_name: lfi

national-forest-inventory

display_name: national-forest-inventory

nfi

display_name: nfi

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.


en: beech forest fruit-abortion litterfall soil-matric-potential heat pollen drought mast

en: LWF beech litterfall and pollen, and environmental parameters

en: Parameters for the LWF beech plots Bettlachstock, Lausanne and Schänis. Fruit biomass, leaf biomass and pollen are present as percentage of highest annual value measured per plot. Environmental parameters precipitation sums, mean temperatures and soil matric potentials in four soil depths are present as deviations from longterm mean for the seasons spring (April and May) and summer (June and July).

en:
This dataset contains the parameters used in the statistical analyses for the manuscript SREP-19-40170-T, submitted in Scientific Reports. This study is part of the WSL Drought Initiative 2018 (C3 - Analysis of the beech litterfall of the drought year 2018).

Data originate from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme LWF (litterfall, soil matric potential, deposition (precipitation) and meteo (temperature)), and from the Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss (pollen).

Datafile:

 _LWF_beech_plots_litterfall_pollen.xlsx_

1. Sheet _extreme_weather_: values used for analysis of weather conditions in strongest mast years compared to years with fruit abortion.

2. Sheet _weather_and_resource_allocation_: values used for analysis of weather impacts on mast occurrence and resource allocation models.

beech

display_name: beech

drought

display_name: drought

fruit-abortion

display_name: fruit-abortion

heat

display_name: heat

litterfall

display_name: litterfall

mast

display_name: mast

pollen

display_name: pollen

soil-matric-potential

display_name: soil-matric-potential

en: Litterfall and pollen data of three LWF beech plots


maintainer: Dominique Weber

en: use-intensity management mowing sentinel-2 remote-sensing grassland land-use landsat

en: Preview time of 1st grassland management event 2020

media_type: image/png

en: Spatial distribution of the timing (day of year; DOY) of the first management event for Switzerland and for three zoomed-in regions (a, b, c). The three zoomed-in regions show different grassland-use intensities, which are reflected in the timing of the first event of the year (Weber et al., 2023; IN REVIEW)

format: PNG

en: Grassland-use intensity map 2021

en: Raster stack with information on the number and timing of grassland-management events (i.e. mowing, grazing) at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland for 2021. See readme file for more details.

en: Grassland-use intensity map 2020

en: Raster stack with information on the number and timing of grassland-management events (i.e. mowing, grazing) at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland for 2020. See readme file for more details.

en: Grassland-use intensity map 2019

en: Raster stack with information on the number and timing of grassland-management events (i.e. mowing, grazing) at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland for 2019. See readme file for more details.

en: Preview number of grassland management events 2020

en: Spatial distribution of the number of management events for Switzerland and for three zoomed-in regions (a, b, c). The three zoomed-in regions show different grassland-use intensities, which are reflected in the distribution of management frequency (Weber et al., 2023; IN REVIEW)

en: Readme

en: Metadata and description of the individual raster layers

en: Grassland-use intensity map 2018

en: Raster stack with information on the number and timing of grassland-management events (i.e. mowing, grazing) at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland for 2018. See readme file for more details.

en:
A rule-based algorithm [(Schwieder et al., 2022)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112795) was used to produce annual maps for 2018–2021 of grassland-management events, i.e. mowing and/or grazing, for Switzerland using Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 satellite time series. All satellite images were processed with the [FORCE](https://force-eo.readthedocs.io) framework.

The resulting maps provide information on the number and timing of grassland-management events at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland. For the final maps, permanent grasslands were masked using a variety of land-use layers, according to [Huber et al. (2022)](https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.298) but replacing the crop mask with the agricultural-use data from the cantons.

We assessed the detection of management events based on independent reference data, which we acquired from daily time series of publicly available webcams that are widely distributed across Switzerland. We further tested the ecological relevance of the generated intensity measures in relation to nationwide biodiversity data (see Weber et al., 2023; IN REVIEW).

grassland

display_name: grassland

land-use

display_name: land-use

landsat

display_name: landsat

management

display_name: management

mowing

display_name: mowing

remote-sensing

display_name: remote-sensing

use-intensity

display_name: use-intensity

en: Grassland-use intensity maps for Switzerland


en: stemwood branchwood model nfi whole-tree-volume allometric

en: Datasets for deriving functions for the stem- and branchwood volume in the Swiss National Forest Inventory

en: Documentation of the data and review in 2022.

en: linked data set with stem and branchwood data

en: Dataset comprising all measured variables in order to easily derive complete above-ground tree wood volume based on 38’841 trees including 14’038 trees with measured branchwood data.

en:
In the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI) the volume of the stem and of large (≥ 7cm in diameter) and small branches is estimated based on allometric functions. These functions were developed based on data collected within the permanent plot network of the Experimental Forest Management (EFM) sites at WSL (David I. Forrester; Hubert Schmid; Jens Nitzsche (2021). The Experimental Forest Management network. EnviDat. doi: 10.16904/envidat.213). The data were converted to digital format in two separate steps in the mid-1970s for stemwood and the mid-1980s for branchwood.
The dataset on stemwood volume contains 38’864 single tree data for the mean crosswise diameter at two meter sections along the stem plus an additional measurements at 1.3 m (i.e. DBH) where the diameter is greater than or equal to 7 cm (i.e. threshold of merchantable wood) and the lengths of the stem from the base to the threshold of merchantable wood and to the tree top. The measurements were collected on 768 EFM sites in the period 1888 to 1974. The dataset on branchwood is based on a subset of the stemwood data and contains in the raw format information on 14'712 single trees. It includes aggregated data from the stemwood dataset, i.e. the DBH, the stem-diameter at 7 m from the base, and the tree height from the base to the top, as well as the measured volume of large and small branches.
In 2022, the metadata of both datasets were checked, values were examined for plausibility and duplicated entries. Duplicates were removed as far as possible and the branchwood volume data were appended to the stemwood dataset to obtain a final, single file with matching single tree data. Following this evaluation the final dataset consisted of a total of 38’841 trees including 14’038 trees with measured branchwood data.

allometric

display_name: allometric

branchwood

display_name: branchwood

model

display_name: model

stemwood

display_name: stemwood

whole-tree-volume

display_name: whole-tree-volume

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.


en:
Attention: this data is not updated after 2022 anymore.
This dataset contains the statistics on the number of avalanche fatalities per **calendar year** in Switzerland. The data collection commences with the beginning of the year 1937. After the completion of a hydrological year, which is the standard way avalanche fatalities are summarized in Switzerland and ends on the 30th of September, the new data is appended to the existing dataset.
If you require annual statistics per hydrological year, please download the data from here: [https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/avalanche-fatalities-switzerland-1936]
The following information is contained (by column and column title):
 - year
 - number of fatalities in the backcountry (=tour)
 - number of fatalities in terrain close to ski areas (=offpiste, away from open and secured ski runs)
 - number of fatalities on transportation corridors including ski runs, roads, railway lines (=transportation.corridors)
 - number of fatalities in or around buildings or in settlements (= buildings)
 - sum (of all four categories)
The definitions for these four categories, as described in the guidelines to the avalanche accident database are:
tour:
activities include back-country ski, snowboard or snow-shoe touring
offpiste:
access from ski area, generally from the top of a skilift with short hiking distances
transportation.corridors (Techel et al., 2016):
people travelling or recreating on open or temporarily closed transportation corridors (e.g. a road user or a skier on a ski run) and people working on open or closed transportation corridors (e.g. maintenance crews on roads, professional rescue teams)
buildings (Techel et al., 2016):
people inside or just outside buildings, and workers on high alpine building sites

avalanche-accident-statistics

display_name: avalanche-accident-statistics

avalanche-fatalities

display_name: avalanche-fatalities

fatalities-in-or-around-buildings

display_name: fatalities-in-or-around-buildings

fatalities-in-settlements

display_name: fatalities-in-settlements

fatalities-in-the-backcountry

display_name: fatalities-in-the-backcountry

fatalities-on-transportation-corridors

display_name: fatalities-on-transportation-corridors

en: Number of avalanche fatalities per calendar year in Switzerland since 1937


swiss-canopy-crane-ii-research-site

title_for_slug: swiss-canopy-crane-ii-research-site

en: damage-of-tree ecosystem-functions drought swiss-forest-lab forest infrastructure climate-change

en: Swiss Canopy Crane II

en: Research site metadata

en: Link to website

en:
![alt text](https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/fc69e369-eee9-42ab-8486-d2c38cff317d/resource/68fa7065-de32-4343-aa26-71094c5254ae/download/sccii.jpg "Swiss Canopy Crane II")

This research site is located near Hölstein in Canton Basel-Landschaft in a mature temperate forest that harbours more than 400 trees from 14 different species. The 1.6 ha site is equipped with the latest infrastructure, including 60 automated point dendrometers, automated soil respiration chambers, 72 ceramic suction cups at various locations and depths across the site, and a range of automated environmental sensors in the soil, the forest floor and in the canopy. A key piece of infrastructure is the new Swiss Canopy Crane II (SCC II), a 50 m tall crane with a 50 m jib that provides canopy access to 250 trees from 12 different species.

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

damage-of-tree

display_name: damage-of-tree

drought

display_name: drought

ecosystem-functions

display_name: ecosystem-functions

forest

display_name: forest

infrastructure

display_name: infrastructure

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

en: Swiss Canopy Crane II research site


en: biodiversity microclimate ecology climate-change statistical-interpolation forest radiation-transfer

en: Predicted microclimate air temperatures at 100 cm above ground. 10 m spatial resolution raster files are provided for mean daily minimum (tmin), mean (tmean) and maximum (tmax) temperatures during each month from April (04) to October (10) over the period between 2012 to 2021.

en: Predicted microclimate topsoil temperatures at 5 cm below ground. 10 m spatial resolution raster files are provided for mean daily minimum (tmin), mean (tmean) and maximum (tmax) temperatures during each month from April (04) to October (10) over the period between 2012 to 2021.

en: Predicted microclimate air temperatures at 5 cm above ground. 10 m spatial resolution raster files are provided for mean daily minimum (tmin), mean (tmean) and maximum (tmax) temperatures during each month from April (04) to October (10) over the period between 2012 to 2021.

en: Climate data matching the scales at which organisms experience climatic conditions are often missing. Yet, such data on microclimatic conditions are required to better understand climate-change impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Here we combine a national network of microclimate temperature measurements with a novel radiative transfer model to map monthly minimum, mean and maximum temperatures during the vegetation period at a 10 meter spatial resolution across Switzerland. The temperature measurements took place in 107 sampling plots distributed across different habitat types, with 62 plots in forests, 22 below trees outside forests, and 23 in open grasslands. In each plot we measured temperature in the topsoil (-5cm), as well as in the air at 5cm and 100cm height above ground. Spatial interpolation was achieved by using a hybrid approach based on linear mixed effects models with input from detailed radiation estimates that account for topographic and vegetation shading, as well as other predictor variables related to the macroclimate, topography and vegetation height. Our data reveals strong horizontal and vertical variability in microclimate temperature, particularly for maximum temperatures at 5 cm above the ground and within the topsoil. Compared to macroclimate conditions as measured by weather stations outside forests, diurnal air and topsoil temperature ranges inside forests were reduced by up to 3.0 and 7.8 °C, respectively, while below trees outside forests, e.g. in hedges and below solitary trees, this buffering effect was 1.8 and 7.2 °C. We also found that in open grasslands, maximum temperatures at 5 cm above ground are on average 3.4 °C warmer than that of macroclimate, suggesting that in such habitats heat exposure close to the ground is often underestimated when using macroclimatic data. After accounting for macroclimate effects, microclimate patterns were primarily driven by radiation, with particularly strong effects on maximum temperatures. Results from spatial block cross-validation revealed predictive accuracies as measured by RSME’s ranging from 1.18 to 3.43 °C, with minimum temperatures generally being predicted more accurately than maximum temperatures. The microclimate maps presented here enable a more biologically relevant perspective when analysing climate-species interactions, which is expected to lead to a better understanding of biotic and ecosystem responses to climate and land use change.

biodiversity

display_name: biodiversity

ecology

display_name: ecology

microclimate

display_name: microclimate

radiation-transfer

display_name: radiation-transfer

statistical-interpolation

display_name: statistical-interpolation

en: Monthly topsoil and near surface microclimate temperature data for Switzerland


en: ATREE survey on climate regulatoin services of forests in "stacked" format

en: The data contains information from XXX respondents. The information of each respondent is represented by 27 rows, one row for each of the three options that were presented in 9 choice situations. This is the "stacked" data-format resulting from a conjoint analysis survey experiment. The data has to be rearranged depending on the software used for analysis.

en: Questionnaires für ATREE climate regulation of forests survey

en: These are the questionnaires that were distributed among the forest owners (mostly as an online-form but for some respondents also as "paper-and-pencil" version) invited to participate in the survey. There are 10 versions of this questionnaire as the conjoint survey experiment was based on 10 different versions of the 9 choice situations that are presented in the survey, which were assigned randomly to the invited participants.

en: Forest owners of the Canton of Lucerne were survey about their willingness to employ different forest management measures to provicde climate regulation services by forests. Of the nearly 3000 forest owners that received an invitation to a online-survey and the 900 forest owners that received a paper and pencil survey, 1055 valid responses were received. The questionnaire contained a survey experiment in which 9 choice situations were presented to the respondents in which they had the choice between two options and the status quo. This survey experiment part of the survey was completed by 990 respondents.

atree

display_name: atree

forest-carbon-sink

display_name: forest-carbon-sink

forest-management

display_name: forest-management

fuel-wood

display_name: fuel-wood

wood-carbon-sink

display_name: wood-carbon-sink

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: ATREE forest owners survey about climate regulation services of forests


en: snow-models forest-structure snow-energy-balance forest-snow meteorological-data

en: Grid data

en: Canopy structure and snow depth data at the grids

en: Transect data

en: All meteorological and canopy structure data acquired at cable car transects

en: AWS data

en: Model driving data from operational AWS

en: Site overview

en: Overview of field sites

en: Point data

en: Wind speed data acquired with the portable meteorological stations

en:
This dataset contains datasets of sub-canopy meteorological variables acquired in coniferous forest stands in Switzerland (Davos, Engadine) and Finland (Sodankylä) during the winters 2018 and 2019. The data are presented and used in the publication:
Mazzotti, G., Essery, R., Webster, C., Malle, J., & Jonas T. (2020)
Process-level evaluation of a high-resolution forest snow model using observations from mobile multi-sensor platforms
Water Resources Research, under review

The above publication must be cited when using this dataset, and the user is referred to the publication for additional detail.

Data are grouped into 4 folders:
1) Point data includes wind speed data measured with stationary meteorological stations
2) Transect data includes data of incoming short- and longwave radiation, air and snow surface temperature acquired with an automated calblecar system along within-stand transects
3) Grid data includes data of incoming short- and longwave radiation, air and snow surface temperature acquired on 40x40m gridded plots using a handheld instrument, as well as snow depth data measured at the same grids.

Canopy structure information derived from hemispherical images is included for each all surveyed locations as well, and an overview of the field sites is provided.

forest-snow

display_name: forest-snow

forest-structure

display_name: forest-structure

meteorological-data

display_name: meteorological-data

snow-energy-balance

display_name: snow-energy-balance

snow-models

display_name: snow-models

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Distributed sub-canopy datasets from mobile multi-sensor platforms (CH / FIN, 2018-2019) for hyper-resolution forest snow model evaluation


maintainer: Alexandre Buttler

en: biogeochemisty soil transplantation-experiment climate-change silvopastoral-systems

en: Dataset

en: Zip archive of all datasets detailed in study.

mimetype: application/zip

en:
Silvopastoral systems are highly productive and combine long-term wood production with annual provision of forage for livestock. In the Swiss Jura Mountains these systems are a key component of the landscape. As in other cold biomes, climate change can potentially accelerate landscape change within these historically sustainable systems.

In order to anticipate the evolution of subalpine wooded pasture ecosystems under future climate and land-use changes, this project focused on the interplay between soil, vegetation and climate. It was aimed at providing experimental evidence for chief ecosystem processes, with emphasis on the quality of the ecosystem services provided. The main interest was placed on vegetation turf resistance to climate change along an unwooded – sparsely wooded - densely wooded pasture gradient (land-use intensity), where plant productivity, diversity and succession along with rates of carbon cycling and microbial activity provided measures of ecosystem functioning at both plot and landscape level.

Experimental transplantation of monolith soil turfs to lower altitudes allowed to simulate soil warming and reduced annual precipitation. In order to simulate a year-round warmer and drier climate the natural climate variation along an altitudinal gradient was used as a proxy. The aim was to simulate realistic climate change scenarios for the second half of the 21st century predicted by the IPCC report and downscaled for Switzerland providing regionalized interpolated projections integrating therein trends for temperature increase and precipitation decrease. By using permanent meteorological stations within the network of the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss), we obtained high resolution regional data on the variation of mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) in relation to altitude in the Swiss Jura Mountains. We observed a general increase of +0.5 K in MAT and a decrease of -20 % MAP for each 100 m decrease in altitude along the SE slope of the Swiss Jura Mountains. These relationships served for the selection of the transplantation sites such that in comparison to a control site at 1350 m a.s.l. (Combe des Amburnex, N 46°54’, E 6°23’) a +2 K MAT and -20 % MAP was achieved at 1010 m a.s.l. (Saint-George, N 46°52’, E 6°26’), a +4 K MAT and -40 % MAP at 570 m a.s.l., (Arboretum d’Aubonne, N 46°51’, E 6°37’), and a +5 K MAT and -50 % MAP at 395 m a.s.l. (Les Bois Chamblard, N 46°47’, E 6°41’). The two stations at 1010 m a.s.l. and 570 m a.s.l. corresponded to the IPCC scenario A1B for a moderate increase in greenhouse gas emissions and to scenario A2 for a high increase in greenhouse gas emissions, respectively. The station at 395 m a.s.l. was chosen to represent an extreme scenario with climate variables lying at the positive tail distribution of model predictions under the A2 scenario.

Soil cores were assembled into rectangular PVC boxes of 60  80 cm2 size and of 35 cm height. All mesocosms were dug down to surface level into previously prepared trenches in the ground thus preventing lateral heat exchange with the atmosphere. Since at each site the mesocosms were placed in a common garden with no light interception, mesocosms with turfs from the two wooded pastures were shaded from direct sun light to simulate the natural light conditions in the corresponding habitats. Each mesocosm was equipped with a drainage system and was connected to a water tank thus representing a zero potential lysimeter collecting soil solution and precipitation/snowmelt runoff. ECH2O EC-TM sensor probes coupled to Em50 data-loggers (Decagon Devices, Inc., USA) recorded soil temperature and volumetric water content in each mesocosm at the top-soil (0 to -3 cm) every minute and data were averaged over one hour intervals. Climate parameters at each transplantation site were monitored continuously throughout the experiment by means of automated weather stations (Sensor Scope Sàrl, Switzerland), measuring rain precipitation (non-heated tipping bucket gauges) and air temperature and humidity 2 m above the ground surface at one minute intervals.

A list of above- and belowground variables were measured to assess the resilience of biogeochemical processes, plant productivity, tree regeneration, and carbon sequestration for each respective land-use practice. Furthermore, the experimental data were used to improve on (parameterization) the existing spatially explicit, dynamic model WoodPaM and refine the modelʼs climatic and land-use variables so that different scenarios of climate change and land use change could be simulated. Natural and management induced disturbance patterns were incorporated into the model.
The data have been made available within the project CCES Mounted. The climate stations Sensorscope are still in use within the project CLIMARBRE (Wald und Klimawandel, WSL/BAFU).

#References

1. Puissant, J., Cécillon, L., Mills, R.T.E., Robroek, B.J.M. Gavazov, K., De Danieli, S., Spiegelberger, T., Buttler, A., Brun, J.J. 2015. Seasonal influence of climate manipulation on microbial community structure and function in mountain soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 80: 296–305.
2. Mills, R., K. Gavazov, T. Spiegelberger, D. Johnson and A. Buttler 2014. Diminished soil functions occur under simulated climate change in a sup-alpine pasture, but heterotrophic temperature sensitivity indicates microbial resilience. Science of the Total Environment, vol. 473–474(0): 465-472.
3. Gavazov, K., Spiegelberger, T. and Buttler, A. 2014. Transplantation of subalpine wood-pasture turfs along a natural climatic gradient reveals lower resistance of unwooded pastures to climate change compared to wooded ones. Oecologia (174) : 1425-1435.
4. Peringer A., Siehoff S., Chételat J., Spiegelberger T., Buttler A. & Gillet F. 2013. Past and future landscape dynamics in pasture-woodlands of the Swiss Jura Mountains under climate change. Ecology and Society, 18, 3: 11. DOI: 10.5751/ES-05600-180311. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol18/iss3/art11/
5. Gavazov, K. S., A. Peringer, A. Buttler, F. Gillet and T. Spiegelberger. 2013. Dynamics of Forage Production in Pasture-woodlands of the Swiss Jura Mountains under Projected Climate Change Scenarios. Ecology and Society 18 (1): 38. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol18/iss1/art38/

biogeochemisty

display_name: biogeochemisty

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

silvopastoral-systems

display_name: silvopastoral-systems

soil

display_name: soil

transplantation-experiment

display_name: transplantation-experiment

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Biogeochemical data from a transplantation experiment of monolith soil turfs along an altitudinal gradient to simulate climate change scenarios


en: willow lymantria-monacha cinara-pilicornis phenols pterocomma-pilosum spruce

en: Heavy metal insects

en: See ReadMe

en: In controlled model forest ecosystems young trees were exposed to heavy metals in the soil and to acid precipitation. On spruce trees Lymantria monacha caterpillars and Cinara pilicornis aphids and on willow Pterocomma pilosum aphids were reared and monitored. Developmental time and fecundity of L. monacha were recorded and in aphids colony growth was measured.

cinara-pilicornis

display_name: cinara-pilicornis

lymantria-monacha

display_name: lymantria-monacha

phenols

display_name: phenols

pterocomma-pilosum

display_name: pterocomma-pilosum

spruce

display_name: spruce

willow

display_name: willow

en: Plant-mediated effects of heavy metals and acid rain on feeding aphids and caterpillars


en:
Volume of stemwood with bark of all trees and shrubs starting at 12 cm dbh that were used, died or disappeared between two inventories. *In the calculation no D7/tree height data were used. The values calculated like this have not been corrected for bias, but allow for cantons or forest districts a more robust estimation of changes and could thus be better interpreted.

Citation:
 > _Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; Herold-Bonardi, A.; Huber M.; Keller, M.; Meile, R.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Traub, B.; Vidondo, B. (2014). Fourth national forest inventory - result tables and maps on the Internet for the NFI 2009-2013 (NFI4b). [Published online 06.11.2014] Available from World Wide Web http://www.lfi.ch/resultate/ Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL. [doi:10.21258/1057112](https://doi.org/10.21258/1057112)_

altitudinal-vegetation-zone

display_name: altitudinal-vegetation-zone

canton

display_name: canton

conifers-broadleaves

display_name: conifers-broadleaves

increment-star

display_name: increment-star

lower-higher-altitudinal-zones

display_name: lower-higher-altitudinal-zones

main-tree-species

display_name: main-tree-species

ownership

display_name: ownership

yield-and-mortality-star

display_name: yield-and-mortality-star

en: Yield and mortality*


wamos-meets-lfi-ganze-schweiz

title_for_slug: wamos-meets-lfi-ganze-schweiz

en: Questionnaire French

en: Dataset in Excel-format

en: Questionnaire German

en: Explanation Dataset

en: Codebook to dataset

en: Questionnaire English

en: Dataset SPSS

en: Questionnaire Italian

en: The data consists of a forest visitor survey conducted at 50 plots in the whole of Switzerland, once during the winter- and once during the summer season. Physical forest characteristics according to the Swiss National Forest Inventory NFI were collected from the same plots in winter and summer. Visibility was measured using terrestrial laser scanning. At some plots, sound measurements were also conducted.

forest-characteristics

display_name: forest-characteristics

seasons

display_name: seasons

visitor-preferences

display_name: visitor-preferences

visual-attractiveness-of-forest

display_name: visual-attractiveness-of-forest

en: WaMos meets LFI, ganze Schweiz


maintainer: Paraskevi Georgakaki

en: ice-water-content blowing-snow jungfraujoch swiss-alps wrf ice-crystal-number-concentration liquid-water-content secondary-ice-production

en: Observational data

en:
The .zip file contains 6 .csv files including all microphysical measurements taken at the Jungfraujoch station during the two periods of interest:

* 25-28 January 2014 : northwesterly-winds (NW)
* 29 January - 1 February 2014 : southeasterly-winds (SE)

The total Ice Crystal Number Concentration (ICNC; reported in L⁻¹) is measured by the two-dimensional stereo hydrometeor spectrometer (2D-S; Lawson et al., 2006) over the size range 10-1280 μm. The total ice water content (IWC; reported in gm⁻³) is also derived by the 2D-S data using the Brown and Francis (1995) mass-diameter relationship. Finally, the quantification of the liquid water content (LWC; reported in gm⁻³) is based on the liquid droplet size distribution data derived from a DMT cloud droplet probe (CDP; Lance et al., 2010) over the size range 2-50 μm. The frequency of the measurements in the .csv files is 30 min, to match the output frequency of the model. Datetime is also reported in the files (DD/MM/YYYY h:mm) in UTC.

Acknowledgment: Collection and pre-processing of the microphysical measurements has been performed by Gary Lloyd (gary.lloyd@manchester.ac.uk). More details about the instrumentation during the CLACE2014 campaign can be found in Lloyd et al. (2015).

en: WRF outputs

en:
The .zip file contains all the NetCDF outputs produced by the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (version: 4.0.1). Two case studies were simulated in this study, between 25-28 January 2014 (00:00 UTC) and 29 January - 1 February 2014 (00:00 UTC), respectively. The former is denoted as "NW" and the latter as "SE", owing to the prevailing wind conditions at the Jungfraujoch (JFJ) station.

The outputs come from the innermost domain of the simulations with a spatial resolution of 1 km and are extracted from the nearest to JFJ model grid point (46.55°N 7.98°E). The dimensions of each model variable is [145,100], which corresponds to time and height, respectively. The frequency of the outputs is 30 min. Note that the first 24 hours of each simulation (i.e., the first 48 outputs) were considered spin up time.

The following sets of sensitivity simulations were presented in this study:

* CNTRL_NW.nc, CNTRL_SE.nc : Sensitivity simulations performed with the default version of WRF
* DS_PHILL_NW.nc, DS_PHILL_SE.nc : Sensitivity simulations including a description of the droplet shattering process following Phillips et al. (2018)
* DS_SULL_NW.nc, DS_SULL_SE.nc : Sensitivity simulations including a description of the droplet shattering process following Sullivan et al. (2018)
* PHILL_NW.nc, PHILL_SE.nc : Sensitivity simulations including a description of the ice-ice collisional break-up process following Phillips et al. (2017)
* TAKAH_NW.nc, TAKAH_SE.nc : Sensitivity simulations including a description of the ice-ice collisional break-up process following Sullivan et al. (2018) based on Takahashi et al. (1995)
* TAKAHrim_NW.nc, TAKAHrim_SE.nc : Same set-up as before but applied only to collisions between rimed ice particles
* BIPS_Xk0_DY_NW.nc, BIPS_Xk0_DY_SE.nc : Sensitivity simulations including a source of Xk0 (either 10.0 or 100.0 L⁻¹) ice crystals with sizes of DY (either 10 or 100 μm) in the first atmospheric level of the model
* BIPS100_PHILL_NW.nc, BIPS100_PHILL_SE.nc : Sensitivity simulations where the combined effect of blowing snow and ice-ice collisional break-up is examined

en:
This repository contains all WRF model outputs and observational data sets used for the paper:
Georgakaki, P., Sotiropoulou, G., Vignon, É., Billault-Roux, A.-C., Berne, A., and Nenes, A.: Secondary ice production processes in wintertime alpine mixed-phase clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-760, in review, 2021.

blowing-snow

display_name: blowing-snow

ice-crystal-number-concentration

display_name: ice-crystal-number-concentration

ice-water-content

display_name: ice-water-content

jungfraujoch

display_name: jungfraujoch

liquid-water-content

display_name: liquid-water-content

secondary-ice-production

display_name: secondary-ice-production

swiss-alps

display_name: swiss-alps

wrf

display_name: wrf

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Data for the publication "Secondary ice production processes in wintertime alpine mixed-phase clouds"


leaf-area-index-lai-lwf

title_for_slug: leaf-area-index-lai-lwf

en: leaf-area-index swiss-forest-lab foliage icp-forests long-term-forest-ecosystem-research

en: Data Request

en:
Leaf area index (LAI), defined as the total one-sided foliage area per unit ground surface area, is one of the most important characteristics of plant canopy structure. Leaves are the active interface between the atmosphere and the ecosystem. Thus, LAI affects many ecosystem processes, including light and precipitation interception, evapotranspiration, CO2 fluxes and dry deposition. LAI was measured repeatedly in the period 1996-2013 at 18 LWF plots using 1) a LAI-2000 plant canopy analyser (Licor, Inc) and 2) hemispherical photographs of the canopy. Measurements were performed above the 16 vegetation quadrats in the 43 m x 43 m intensive monitoring subplot. In 1996-2003, LAI measurements were usually carried out on the same day as the vegetation surveys. It is also planned to characterise the potential light conditions (diffuse and direct) using the hemispherical photographs of the canopy.

 Purpose:

1) To estimate an important structural parameter of the forest stand, which is needed as an input variable in most ecosystem process models simulating carbon and water cycles on a stand or regional scale; and 2) to document changes in the canopy structure, and thus in light conditions, which may be responsible for changes in ground vegetation

 Manual Citation:

 * Thimonier, A., 1997. Kapitel C6. Blattflächenindex (LAI), in: Brang, P. (Ed.), Aufnahmeanleitungen aller Forschungsprojekte auf Flächen der Langfristigen Waldökosystem-Forschung (LWF). Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL, Birmensdorf, pp. 1-5.

 * Thimonier, A., 1997. Kapitel C7. Lichtverhältnisse im Wald, in: Brang, P. (Ed.), Aufnahmeanleitungen aller Forschungsprojekte auf Flächen der Langfristigen Waldökosystem-Forschung (LWF). Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL, Birmensdorf, pp. 1-4.

 * Fleck S, Raspe S, Cater M, Schleppi P, Ukonmaanaho L, Greve M, Hertel C, Weis W, Rumpf, S., Thimonier, A., Chianucci, F., Beckschäfer, P., 2016: Part XVII: Leaf Area Measurements. In: UNECE ICP Forests Programme Co-ordinating Centre (ed.): Manual on methods and criteria for harmonized sampling, assessment, monitoring and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests. Thünen Institute  of  Forest  Ecosystems,  Eberswalde,  Germany,  34  p.  +  Annex  [http://icp-forests.net/page/icp-forests-manual](http://icp-forests.net/page/icp-forests-manual)

 Paper Citation:

 * Thimonier A, Kull P, Keller W, Moser B, Wohlgemuth T (2011) Ground vegetation monitoring in Swiss forests: comparison of survey methods and implications for trend assessments. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 174: 47-63. [doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1759-y](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1759-y)

 * Thimonier A, Sedivy I, Schleppi P (2010) Estimating leaf area index in different types of mature forest stands in Switzerland: a comparison of methods. European Journal of Forest Research, 129 (4): 543-562. [10.1007/s10342-009-0353-8](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-009-0353-8)

foliage

display_name: foliage

icp-forests

display_name: icp-forests

leaf-area-index

display_name: leaf-area-index

long-term-forest-ecosystem-research

display_name: long-term-forest-ecosystem-research

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

en: Leaf area index (LAI) LWF


title_for_slug: volume-of-dead-wood

en:
Volume of stemwood with bark of all dead trees and shrubs (standing and lying) starting at 12 cm dbh. Unlike this theme , the "Amount of deadwood according to the method of NFI3" includes all lying deadwood starting at 7 cm in diameter.

Citation:
 > _Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; Herold-Bonardi, A.; Huber M.; Keller, M.; Meile, R.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Traub, B.; Vidondo, B. (2014). Fourth national forest inventory - result tables and maps on the Internet for the NFI 2009-2013 (NFI4b). [Published online 06.11.2014] Available from World Wide Web http://www.lfi.ch/resultate/ Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL. [doi:10.21258/1057112](https://doi.org/10.21258/1057112)_

accessible-forest-without-shrub-forest

display_name: accessible-forest-without-shrub-forest

altitudinal-vegetation-zone

display_name: altitudinal-vegetation-zone

biogeographical-region

display_name: biogeographical-region

canton

display_name: canton

conifers-broadleaves

display_name: conifers-broadleaves

economic-region

display_name: economic-region

lower-higher-altitudinal-zones

display_name: lower-higher-altitudinal-zones

main-tree-species

display_name: main-tree-species

mechanical-strength-of-wood

display_name: mechanical-strength-of-wood

ownership

display_name: ownership

production-region

display_name: production-region

protection-forest-region

display_name: protection-forest-region

tree-state-standing-lying

display_name: tree-state-standing-lying

volume-of-dead-wood

display_name: volume-of-dead-wood

en: Volume of dead wood


title_for_slug: yield-and-mortality

en:
Volume of stemwood with bark of all trees and shrubs starting at 12 cm dbh that were felled, died or disappeared between two inventories. The correction for bias with the sample Tarif trees may be so drastic that it results in negative values with small numbers of trees.

Citation:
 > _Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; Herold-Bonardi, A.; Huber M.; Keller, M.; Meile, R.; Rösler, E.; Speich, S.; Traub, B.; Vidondo, B. (2014). Fourth national forest inventory - result tables and maps on the Internet for the NFI 2009-2013 (NFI4b). [Published online 06.11.2014] Available from World Wide Web http://www.lfi.ch/resultate/ Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL. [doi:10.21258/1057112](https://doi.org/10.21258/1057112)_

increment

display_name: increment

stage-of-stand-development

display_name: stage-of-stand-development

yield-and-mortality

display_name: yield-and-mortality

en: Yield and mortality


soil-respiration-exclosure-experiment

title_for_slug: soil-respiration-exclosure-experiment

en: grassland ungulates subalpine grazing soil-respiration

en: Soil respiration Switzerland

en:
ID: Fence number

Year	:Year of sampling

mean.CO2: soil respiration measured with PP-systems SRC-1 soil respriation chamber attached to a EGM-4 infrared gas analyser; units CO2 g m-2 h-1

Grassland: Grasslands where fences were errected. Note that on large grasslands (STAB, GRIM, MING) 2 pairs of fences were errected (2 in short, 2 in tall-grass vegetation), on small grasslands (DADA, MARG, BOTS) only one pair of fences was errected (1 short-grass; one-tallgrass vegetation)

Fence: Fence number; un-even numbers on short-grass vegetation (1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17), even numbers on tall-grass vegetation (2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18)

Vegetation:	1 = shortgrass vegetation, 2 = tall-grass vegetation (9 replicate fences on each vegetation type)

Treatment	: 1 = all herbivores grazing, 2 = large ungulates (red deer, chamois) excluded

en:
Location of data collection
The Swiss National Park (SNP) is located in the southeastern part of Switzerland, and covers an area of 170 km2, 50 km2 of which is forested, 33 km2 is occupied by alpine and 3 km2 by subalpine grasslands. Elevations range from 1350 to 3170 m a.s.l., and mean annual precipitation and temperature are 871 mm and 0.6°C measured at the Park’s weather station in Buffalora (1980 m a.s.l.) between 1960 and 2009 (MeteoSchweiz 2011). Founded in 1914, the SNP received minimal human disturbance for almost 100 years (no hunting, fishing, or camping, visitors are not allowed to leave the trails). Large (> 1 ha) homogeneous patches of short- and tall-grass vegetation characterize the subalpine grasslands. The average vegetation height of short-grass vegetation is 2 to 5 cm. Red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), quaking grass (Briza media L.) and common bent grass (Agrostis tenuis Sipthrob) are the predominating plant species in this vegetation type. Tussocks of evergreen sedge (Carex sempervirens Vill.) and mat grass (Nardus stricta L.) are predominant in the tall-grass vegetation, which averages 20 cm in vegetation height (Schütz and others 2006). Short-grass vegetation developed in areas where cattle and sheep rested (high nutrient input) during agricultural land-use (from 14th century until 1914); tall-grass vegetation developed in areas where cattle and sheep used to graze, but did not rest (Schütz and others 2003, 2006). Herbivores were shown to consume > 60% of the biomass in short-grass compared to < 20% in tall-grass vegetation (Schütz and others 2006). The herbivore community present in the SNP can be divided into four groups based on body size/weight: large [red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and chamois (Rupricapra rupricapra L.); 30 - 150 kg], medium [marmot (Marmota marmota L.) and snow hare (Lepus timidus L.); 3 – 6 kg], and small vertebrate herbivores (small rodents: e.g. Clethrionomys spp., Microtus spp., Apodemus spp.; 30 – 100 g) as well as invertebrates (e.g. grasshoppers, caterpillars, cicadas, < 5 g).

Experimental design
We selected 18 subalpine grassland sites (9 short-grass, 9 tall-grass vegetation). The sites were spread across the entire park on dolomite parent material at altitudes of 1975 to 2300 meters. At each site we established an exclosure network (fences) in spring 2009 (early June), immediately after snowmelt. Each exclosure network consisted of a total of five 2 × 3 m sized plots that progressively excluded the different herbivores listed above (further labeled according to the herbivore guilds that had access to the respective plots “All”, “Marmot/Mice/Invertebrates”, “Mice/Invertebrates”, “Invertebrates”, “None”). The “All” treatment was thus accessible to all herbivores, was not fenced and was located at least 5 m away from a 2.1 m tall and 7 × 9 m main fence that enclosed the other four treatments. This fence was constructed of 10 × 10 cm wooden posts and electrical equestrian tape (AGRARO ECO, Landi, Bern, Switzerland; 20 mm width) mounted at 0.7 m, 0.95 m, 1.2 m, 1.5 m and 2.1 m above the ground that were connected to a solar charged battery (AGRARO Sunpower S250, Landi, Bern, Switzerland). We also mounted non-electrically charged equestrian tape at 0.5 m to help exclude deer and chamois, yet allow marmots and hares to enter safely. Within each main fenced area we randomly established four 2 × 3 m plots: (1) The “Marmot/Mice/Invertebrates” plot remained unfenced, thus, with the exception of red deer and chamois, all herbivores were able to access the plot, (2) The “Mice/Invertebrates” plot consisted of a 90 cm high electric sheep fence (AGRARO Weidezaunnetz ECO, Landi, Bern, Switzerland; mesh size 10 × 10 cm) connected to the solar panel and excluded all medium sized mammals (marmots, hares), but provided access for small mammals and invertebrates, (3) The “Invertebrates” plot provided access for invertebrates only and was surrounded by 1 m high metal mesh (Hortima AG, Hausen, Schweiz; mesh size 2 × 2 cm), (4) The “None” plot was surrounded by a 1 m tall mosquito net (Sala Ferramenta AG, Biasca, Switzerland; mesh size 1.5 × 2 mm) to exclude all herbivores. This plot was covered with a roof constructed of a wooden frame lined with mosquito mesh that was mounted on the wooden corner posts. We also treated this plot with a biocompatible insecticide (Clean kill original, Eco Belle GmbH, Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany) when needed to remove insects that might have entered during data collection or that hatched from the soil.

!!! The here published data set only contains data for “All”, and “Marmot/Mice/Invertebrates” (= ungulates excluded) plots !!!

Data collection
In-situ soil CO2 emissions were measured with a PP-Systems SRC-1 soil respiration chamber (closed circuit) attached to a PP-Systems EGM-4 infrared gas analyzer (PP-Systems, Amesbury, MA, USA) on two randomly selected locations on one subplot within each of the 90 plots. For each measurement the soil chamber (15 cm high; 10 cm diameter) was placed on a permanently installed PVC collar (10 cm diameter) driven five centimeters into the soil at the beginning of the study (June 2009). The measurements were conducted between 0900 and 1700 hours every two weeks from early to early September 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2013. Freshly germinated plants growing within the PVC collars were removed prior to each measurement to avoid measuring plant respiration/photosynthesis. The two measurements collected per plot every two weeks were averaged.

Please acknowledge the funding of the study: funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, SNF grant-no 31003A_122009/1 to Anita C. Risch, Martin Schütz and Flurin Filli

grassland

display_name: grassland

grazing

display_name: grazing

soil-respiration

display_name: soil-respiration

subalpine

display_name: subalpine

ungulates

display_name: ungulates

en: Soil respiration - exclosure experiment