en: temperature long-term meteorology climate-change par meteo precipitation wind-speed relative-humidity swiss-forest-lab

en: Data plot of the forest station (LEB)

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

en: Forest station data (LEB)

en: Data file.

en: Site photo of the forest station (LEB)

en: Site photo of the forest station from below (viewing upwards the slope)

en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for one meteorological station in Lens in Switzerland which is located within a natural coniferous forest with Scots pine (_Pinus sylvestris_; 150-170 yrs)) as dominant tree species. The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Lens is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

long-term

display_name: long-term

meteo

display_name: meteo

meteorology

display_name: meteorology

par

display_name: par

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

relative-humidity

display_name: relative-humidity

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

temperature

display_name: temperature

wind-speed

display_name: wind-speed

en: Lens, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards


maintainer: EnviDat Support

en: national-dishes food-preferences agro-food-trade food-taste-similarity latent-semantic-analysis

state: active

type: dataset

en: information on ingredients of national dishes

en: shows information of ingredients of all national dishes of 171 countries and their names

format: SERVICE

en: dyadic food similarity measures, pairwise similarity and dissimilarity (chord diagram)

en:
The figures show the distribution of two dyadic food tastes similarity measures on the base of
the national dishes: (i) the Manhattan distance and the (ii) latent semantic analysis. The chord diagram
shows the results for country pairs with most and less similarity on basis of the LSA-approach.

en: National dishes, migration data and data for bilateral food trade flows

en:
The data include information on national dishes, migration data and data for bilateral food
trade flows for 5 years as well as importer and exporter GDP, population, distance between
most populated cities, bilateral information on Preferential Trade Agreements, common
official primary langauge, common colonizer post-1945, colonial relationship for overall
171 countries. The final data set contains 145,350 observations (29,070 country pairs for
5 years)

en: The data described in this article were collected daily over the period 4 June 2018 to 23 August 2018 and contains information of several data sources. The database includes information on national recipes and their ingredients for 171 countries, measures for food taste similarities between all 171 countries as well as bilateral migration and agro-food trade data for 5 years. The database can be used for analyzing e.g., the relation between food preferences and international trade or food preferences and health outcomes (e.g., obesity) across countries.

agro-food-trade

display_name: agro-food-trade

food-preferences

display_name: food-preferences

food-taste-similarity

display_name: food-taste-similarity

latent-semantic-analysis

display_name: latent-semantic-analysis

national-dishes

display_name: national-dishes

educ

fr: Éducation, culture et sport

de: Bildung, Kultur und Sport

en: Education, culture and sport

it: Istruzione, cultura e sport

envidat

fr: EnviDat: le portail de données environnementales

de: EnviDat: das Umwelt-Datenportal

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

it: EnviDat: il portale dei dati ambientali

fr: EnviDat est le portail de données du WSL; il offre un accès uniformisé et réglementé aux données de surveillance et de recherche en matière d’environnement. Ce portail est capable d’héberger et de publier des ensembles de données précieuses et uniques, qui sont partagées aux quatre coins de la planète. Ce faisant, EnviDat favorise la recherche et contribue à l’avancement des sciences environnementales.

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

de: EnviDat ist das Datenportal der WSL für einen einheitlichen und verwalteten Zugang zu Umweltdaten aus Monitoring- und Forschungsprojekten. Auf dem Portal können Datensätze gehostet und veröffentlicht werden. Durch die weltweite Bereitstellung einzigartiger und wertvoller Datensätze leistet EnviDat einen Beitrag zur Forschung im Bereich der Umweltwissenschaften.

it: EnviDat è il portale dati del WSL che fornisce un accesso unificato e gestito ai dati di monitoraggio ambientale e di ricerca. Il portale ha la capacità di ospitare e pubblicare serie di dati preziosi e unici che vengono condivisi in tutto il mondo. Così facendo, EnviDat promuove la ricerca e contribuisce al progresso della scienza ambientale.

political_level: other

wsl

capacity: public

type: organization

approval_status: approved

key: guid

key: uri

value: Envidat Harvester

en: Data of national dishes, their similarity and trade flows


maintainer: Tobias Wechsler

en: integral-water-management ecosystem-protection hydropower decision-making gis

format: SHP

en: Indicators

en: The indicators capture supporting ecosystem functions.

en:
 A spatial dataset and tool to simultaneously assess hydropower potential and ecological potential of the Swiss river network (Version 2016)

 Introduction
The steadily growing demand for energy and the simultaneous pursuit of decarbonisation are increasing interest in the expansion of renewable energies worldwide. In Switzerland, various funding projects have been launched to promote technologies in the field of renewable energies and their application as quickly as possible. With the introduction of a funding instrument in 2009, the number of projects submitted to produce renewable energies increased rapidly. The applications for small hydropower plants (≤ 10 MW) were correspondingly numerous. However, the assessment of the environmental impact and its comparison with hydropower importance is still not standardized.
To provide a basis for decision-making, a methodology was developed to determine the overall hydropower potential of a region. A detailed assessment of each river reach, and the systematic and holistic assessment of small hydropower projects at a regional scale are combined here. The assessment of a river reach is conducted at the river space (i.e., the river and adjacent areas) and at the surrounding landscape level. The HYDROpot_integral methodology was developed as part of Carol Hemund's dissertation (2012) at the University of Bern. It allows the evaluation of river reaches holistically, regarding ecological, social, economic and cultural criteria. As a second part of the overall project, the theoretical hydropower (or hydraulic) potential was calculated for the entire river network, which complemnets the spatial assessment. In particular, it is possible to classify river reaches into those that are more suitable for hydropower production (=”use”) and those that are more suitable for protection.

 Material and method
The HYDROpot_Integral method was developed and tested on the basis of cantonal and national data (Hirschi et al. 2013). The method relies on 73 geodata sets. This holistic assessment is the key element of the entire assessment procedure. Its aim is to quantify the importance of the ecosystem functions in terms of services. The river network (GWN07) is divided into reaches of about 450m and for each reach two study units are defined. The river space (RS) records the ecosystem functions of the water body and the nearby riparian area. The length of the RS is 315 m on average in Switzerland and a maximum of 450 m, whereas the width is based on the FOEN definition (BWG 2001: 18f) and varies between 7-107 m. The surrounding landscape (SLS) is the second survey unit that records the ecosystem functions of the surrounding area over a range of 21 m to 321 m. The SLS is calculated over three times the RS width. The length of the SLS is identical to the length of the RS. The ecosystem functions are divided into three types: regulating (service A), cultural (service B) and provisioning (service C) functions. Accordingly, the assessment of the functions is divided into three parts and three values are assigned to each river reach. The more functions there are and the greater their performance, the higher these values are and the more important the corresponding functions are. Hence, these values quantify the importance of the ecosystem functions and the ecological, cultural and economic ecosystem services of each river reach. The concatenation of ecosystem services results in a value (ABC) that can occur in 125 different versions due to the chosen five-level value scale; i.e. each digit of the three-digit number sequence can be assigned a value between 1 and 5. Each of the 125 combinations, and thus each river reach, has its own characteristics determined by the assessments of the three function types. To record the suitability, the combinations are ranked according to their ecological, cultural and economic ecosystem services. These rules mean that the combination that is most suitable for hydropower production at minimum cost in terms of ecological and cultural ecosystem services and has a high economic potential is ranked first; rank 125 indicates the highest ecological and cultural ecosystem services and the lowest economic services and is therefore most suitable for protection. A river reach that is excluded from hydropower use due to legislation, a so-called priority reach, is given rank 126 from the outset and specially marked. A more detailed description of the methods can be found in Hirschi et al. 2013 [Link]. The dataset presented here presents the latest state of the HYDROpot_integral methodology applied at the national level. Only national data that is easily accessible was used in the preparation of the dataset. The cantonal data, such as renaturation and revitalization, would have to be requested by each canton individually and was excluded here. The nationwide value synthesis was made with R.
A list of data sources can be found here [link to text file]
A list of all parameters can be downloaded here [link to PDF and text files]

 Dataset description
Data is presented as a single shapefile. It contains the river network and all assessment results obtained with HYDROpot_Integral.

 Changes in the methodology compared to the original method (Hirschi et. al 2013)

 * RS_A11 Ecomorphology: recorded for the whole of Switzerland and zero values equated with NA;
individual cantons such as Zug and St. Gallen have no mapped values according to the modular
concept of the federal government, Valais and Graubünden only the main valleys, Ticino and Fribourg not
completely (BAFU 2009).
 * RS_A14 Renaturation and revitalization data: not centrally available at the time of data collection.
centrally available, therefore values in GR were equated with NA.
 * RS_A15 Dilution ratio at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for discharges: Zero values
equal to NA.
 * RS_A20 Water flow: use WASTA (2013) with hydroelectric power plants (> 300 kW) under
Federal control and dams serving hydroelectricity (Dam, as of 2013).
 * RS_C05 Synoptic hazard maps: are cantonally managed at the time of data collection,
Values in GR are marked with a 5 so that the systematics in the decision tree is not affected.
is affected.
 * Water quality (RS_A15, RS_A16, RS_A17, RS_A18, RS_A19): for the evaluation of the function type.
A Nature, it is important whether the median of the five values is less than or equal to 3 in total. This
evaluation is based on the decision tree for evaluating GR (Hirschi et al. 2013:22).
Therefore, an evaluation of the station data is made where critical and possible river segments
with poor quality (median less than 3) exist. Only two longer and one short
sections in Switzerland receive a lower median than 3 for water quality.
 * SLS_B06 Visibility: For 99 percent of the river segments (30,733 of 31,062) in the canton of
Bern (2015 reduced version), the landscape area is considered to be visible. Due to this high number
of sections, a large number of viewpoints in the layer of Swisstopo and
the computation time and computability in ArcGIS, the landscape area is classified as generally viewable
(equal to 1).
16 Method
Additional indicators were added (see Appendix B.2):
 * SLS_A21 Dissection
 * SLS_A22 Forest areas
 * SLS_B03 Hiking trails
 * SLS_B10 Residential and vacation homes
 * SLS_B11 Tourist infrastructure
 * SLS_C01 Landfill
 * SLS_C03 Infrastructure
 * SLS_C05 Industry
 * SLS_C06 Agricultural land
Not to be added, although present to some extent:
 * SLS_B06 Cultural assets of national importance: here, too, the calculability of the visibility analysis is
for the whole of Switzerland is limited
 * SLS_A15 Legally binding protection and land use planning: the individual river sections are not
clearly designated, i.e. no geodata exist
The following data are also not supplemented, as they are cantonal data:
 * SLS_A10 Cantonal nature reserves
 * SLS_A16 Forest reserves
 * SLS_A17 Cantonal inventories and contractually protected areas

decision-making

display_name: decision-making

ecosystem-protection

display_name: ecosystem-protection

gis

display_name: gis

hydropower

display_name: hydropower

integral-water-management

display_name: integral-water-management


en: swiss-forest-lab par precipitation relative-humidity meteorology temperature long-term meteo climate-change wind-speed

en: Data plot of the field station (VOF)

media_type: application/pdf

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

format: PDF

mimetype: application/pdf

en: Site photo of the forest station (VOB)

en: Site photo of the forest station from the side.

mimetype: image/jpeg

en: Field station data (VOF)

media_type: text/csv

en: Data file.

format: CSV

mimetype: text/csv

en: Data plot of the forest station (VOB)

en: Site aerial photo (Vordemwald)

en: Site aerial photo from both Vordemwald stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Vordemwald stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Forest station data (VOB)

en: Site photo of the field station (VOF)

en: Site photo of the field stationfrom the side.

en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Vordemwald in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural mixed forest stand (VOB) with European silver fir (_Abies alba_; 110 yrs) and oak trees (_Quercus sp._; 190-210 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, VOF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Vordemwald is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

long-term

display_name: long-term

meteo

display_name: meteo

meteorology

display_name: meteorology

en: Vordemwald, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1996 onwards


maintainer: Océane Hames

en: openfoam mosaic snow-transport arctic-sea-ice snow-deposition antarctica

en: MOSAiC Met City preliminary (Level 2) wind data

en:
Extract from the preliminary MOSAiC atmospheric data (Level 2) for the time period 6th to 13th of November, 2019.
This data was used to set up the fluid forcing parameters in the snowBedFoam simulations on MOSAiC sea ice. It is being published in this repository with the kind permission from Matthew Shupe and his team.
The final processed and quality controlled version of this dataset (Level 3) has not been published yet. A complete reference will be added in this description once it is released.

en: Snowdrift measurements around Neumayer Station III

media_type: application/zip

en: Files containing the topographical data barometrically measured in June 2009 around the German Antarctic Research station Neumayer III. Those measurements are compared to the snowBedFoam simulations to assess the ability of the model to reproduce real snow distribution observations.

format: ZIP

en: Neumayer III simulations

en:
Snow distribution results around Neumayer Station III obtained for the sensitivity analysis and comparison to measurements. The file contains several sub-folders, namely:
-COMP: simulation output for the comparison to measurements;
-FLOW: simulation output for the study of wind forcing impact;
-simulation_exampleCase: example case of a snowBedFoam simulation with the reference Neumayer Station mesh;
-SNOW: simulation output for the study of snow properties impact;
-STRUCT: simulation output for the study of structure properties impact.

en:
OpenFOAM-2.3.0. scripts containing the implemented Eulerian-Lagrangian snow transport model.

The code file provided here is not updated. The most recent version of the script can be found on the WSL/SLF GitLab repository: https://gitlabext.wsl.ch/atmospheric-models/snowbedfoam-v1-0.git

en: Paper Draft

en: This is the initial draft of the paper where the snowBedFoam 1.0. results are tested against Terrestrial Laser Scan (TLS) measurements of snow dynamics on Arctic sea ice (MOSAiC expedition). It highlights the numerical limitations of our model as well as the measurement uncertainties, which may occur in such extreme environments.

en:
OpenFOAM-5.0 scripts containing the implemented Eulerian-Lagrangian snow transport model.
The code file provided here is not updated. The most recent version of the script can be found on the WSL/SLF GitLab repository: https://gitlabext.wsl.ch/atmospheric-models/snowbedfoam-v1-0.git

en:
snowBedFoam 1.0. is a snow transport solver implemented in the computational fluid dynamics software OpenFOAM. It is adapted from the standard multi-phase flow solver DPMFoam for application in snow-influenced environments.
To simulate aeolian snow transport, snowBedFoam 1.0. handles coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian phases, which involve a finite number of particles (snow) spread in a continuous phase (air). The snow erosion and deposition are modelled through physics-based equations similar to the ones employed in the well-established LES-Lagrangian Stochastic Model (Comola and Lehning, 2017 ; Sharma et al., 2018 ; Melo et al., 2022). This modelling approach is computationally intensive and thus adapted to simulate snow movement and distribution on small scale terrain.
First, snowBedFoam 1.0. was applied to topographical data collected on Arctic sea ice during the MOSAiC expedition (Clemens-Sewall, 2021). Together with atmospheric data from the MOSAiC Met City (Shupe et al., 2021) used for the fluid forcing, the model was able to accurately simulate the zones of erosion and deposition of snow along a complex ice ridge structure (Hames et al., 2022).
Second, snowBedFoam 1.0. was used to simulate the snow distribution around the German Antarctic research station Neumayer Station III. The effect of snow properties, fluid forcing and aerodynamic structures on the snow accumulation were assessed.
snowBedFoam 1.0 was implemented in 2 different OpenFOAM versions, namely OpenFOAM-2.3.0 and OpenFOAM-5.0. The latter offers more options for turbulence models and boundary conditions. The fundamental model equations were not changed from one implementation to the other, thus both still correspond to snowBedFoam 1.0. The two branches are called snowBedFoam-v1-2.3.0 (OpenFOAM-2.3.0) and snowBedFoam-v1-5.0 (OpenFOAM-5.0). The core codes of snowBedFoam 1.0. are directly accessible on the WSL/SLF GitLab repository (more details in the Resources section).

antarctica

display_name: antarctica

arctic-sea-ice

display_name: arctic-sea-ice

mosaic

display_name: mosaic

openfoam

display_name: openfoam

snow-deposition

display_name: snow-deposition

snow-transport

display_name: snow-transport

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: snowBedFoam: an OpenFOAM Eulerian-Lagrangian solver for modelling snow transport


en: sustainability nutrient mass-balance beech soil

format: XLS

en: With this study, our aim was to estimate the nutrient fluxes relevant for assessing nutrient sustainability as accurately as possible and to calculate nutrient balances for alternative forest management scenarios. Furthermore, we tested whether mapping units from existing geologic maps can serve as a basis for forest practitioners to estimate nutrient sustainability or whether more detailed data is needed. Positive fluxes include deposition and weathering, while negative fluxes include losses due to leaching and nutrient removal through timber harvesting in the balance. Weathering and leachate losses were modeled with a geochemical model. The SwissStandSim model was used to simulate the biomass growth under different harvesting and silvicultural strategies, allowing sustainability to be assessed for each nutrient at a given intensity of use. This assessment was made per rotation period of 100 years based on two criteria: i) nutrient supply; and ii) total stocking volume.

beech

display_name: beech

mass-balance

display_name: mass-balance

nutrient

display_name: nutrient

soil

display_name: soil

sustainability

display_name: sustainability

en: Nutrient sustainability in beech forests


en: ecological-maps ecological-indicator-values plants soil-ph switzerland landolt soil-mapping soil-moisture

en: Description

en: Description of the predictors provided in this dataset

en: Predictors

en: Predictors generated and used in Descombes et al. (2020)

mimetype: application/zip

en:
Ecologically meaningful predictors are often neglected in plant distribution studies, resulting in incomplete niche quantification and low predictive power of species distribution models (SDMs). Because environmental data are rare and expensive to collect, and because their relationship with local climatic and topographic conditions are complex, mapping them over large geographic extents and at high spatial resolution remains a major challenge. Here, we derived environmental data layers by mapping ecological indicator values (EIVs) in space by using a large set of environmental predictors in Switzerland.

This dataset contains the predictors (raster layers) generated and used in the following publication (Descombes et al. 2020). Only predictors for which we have the rights to share them are provided. Other datasets and predictors can be accessed via the original data provider. Details on the predictors and sources are fully described in the publication. The predictors are provided as GeoTIFF files, at 93 m spatial resolution and Mercator projection ("+proj=merc +lon_0=0 +k=1 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs"). The excel file (xlsx) provides a short description of the raster layers.

Paper Citation:

Descombes, P. et al. (2020). Spatial modelling of ecological indicator values improves predictions of plant distributions in complex landscapes. Ecography. (accepted)

ecological-indicator-values

display_name: ecological-indicator-values

ecological-maps

display_name: ecological-maps

landolt

display_name: landolt

plants

display_name: plants

soil-mapping

display_name: soil-mapping

soil-moisture

display_name: soil-moisture

soil-ph

display_name: soil-ph

switzerland

display_name: switzerland


greenland-climate-network-gc-net-data

title_for_slug: greenland-climate-network-gc-net-data

en: aws air-temperature climate net-radiation greenland automatic-weather-station

en: 22-Petermann ELA

en: GC Net Config for Stations

media_type: application/json

en: Stations Config from the static bucket

format: JSON

en: Access the latest L1 data

en:
The GC-Net is kindly continued by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS).

Starting October 3, 2022, the access to the latest versions of the "ready to use" L1 data has been migrated to GEUS, (doi:10.22008/FK2/VVXGUT). Future versions will be available from GEUS, while the initial version of L1 data has been archived.

en: Archived GC-Net Data (deprecated)

en:
The GC-Net is kindly continued by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS).

Starting October 3, 2022, the access to the latest versions of the "ready to use" L1 data has been migrated to GEUS, (doi:10.22008/FK2/VVXGUT). Future versions will be available from GEUS, while the initial versions of L0 and L1 data have been archived.

en: GC Net Chart Parameters

en: Stations parameters from static bucket

en:
In Memory of Dr. Konrad (Koni) Steffen

Update October 2022: The GC-Net is kindly continued by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS).
Starting October 3, 2022, the access to the latest versions of the "ready to use" L1 data has been migrated to GEUS. Future data versions will be available at: [https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/VVXGUT](https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/VVXGUT)
 Background
Starting with a single station in 1991, the Greenland Climate Network (commonly known as GC-Net) is a set of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) set up and managed by the late Prof. Dr. Konrad (Koni) Steffen, and spanning the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). This first station was "Swiss Camp" or the "ETH-CU" camp (GC-Net station 01) which was used as a field science and education site by Koni for years. The GC-Net was expanded with multiple NASA, NOAA, and NSF grants throughout the years, and then supported by WSL in the later years. These data (see "C-file" below) were previously hosted by the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) in Boulder, Colorado.

 Overview
Provided in this dataset are the 16 longest running stations in the network, which are spread over a significant area of the GrIS and the majority of the unique climatic zones. From the South Dome high point in the South, to the Western Jakobshavn ablation region in the west, to the Petermann glacier in the North across east of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream to the east, GC-Net is the longest running climatological record of Greenland.

 The standard GC-Net station consists of:
* Air temperature measurements at 2 heights above the surface
* Temperature and humidity measurements at 2 heights above the surface
* Wind speed and direction measured at 2 heights above the surface
* Sonic distance sounder measurements for 2 snow height and distance of instruments to surface
* Incoming shortwave radiation measurement
* Reflected shortwave radiation measurement
* Net broadband radiation (long- and short-wave) measurement
* Air pressure measurement
Data have often been repatriated in near-real time using one of either the GOES geostationary satellite or the ARGOS polar orbiting satellite transmission system. The stations were visited typically every 1-2 years for maintenance and service, and to download full uncorrupted data directly from the dataloggers. GC-Net stations were visited by Twin Otter equipped with snow skids to land directly on the open-ice at the AWS locations, or by helicopter near the west coast. The AWSs operate on solar and battery power and occasionally lost power during the dark and cold winter months, particularly when the batteries were aging.

 Dataset
This dataset consists of 2 main data levels; Level 0 and Level 1.
Level 0 is the raw data from the dataloggers, historical processing codes, satellite transmissions, and Koni’s personal data archive. Level 0 data (.zip) directories contain subdirectories:
* “C file” - contains the historical processed datafile for each station.
* “Campbell logger files” - contains the raw csv datafiles from the stations’ Campbell Scientific dataloggers since the CR1000 era (~2007-2008 for most stations).
* “Photos” - contains photographs of the station when available marked by year.
Level 1 is the appended, calibrated, cleaned, and quality flagged data. The full processing scheme is open-source and publicly available on the following GitHub repository (please also check GitHub for the latest L1 data):
[GC-Net L1 data on GitHub](https://github.com/GEUS-Glaciology-and-Climate/GC-Net-level-1-data-processing "GC-Net-level-1-data-processing")
Level 1 data is provided in the newly described csv-compatible [NEAD format](https://www.envidat.ch/#/metadata/nead "NEAD format").

 Additional Details
Dataset description publication will be forthcoming.
The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) has been imperative in the reprocessing and continuity mission of GC-Net. Multiple GC-Net stations have been replaced with updated and upgraded AWS hardware at the same coordinates by GEUS. This effort will ensure continuity of the GC-Net dataset into the future.

air-temperature

display_name: air-temperature

automatic-weather-station

display_name: automatic-weather-station

aws

display_name: aws

climate

display_name: climate

greenland

display_name: greenland

net-radiation

display_name: net-radiation

en: Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net) Data


biogas-aus-hofdunger-in-der-schweiz

title_for_slug: biogas-aus-hofdunger-in-der-schweiz

en: bioenergy manure review switzerland biogas

en: Biogas aus Hofdünger in der Schweiz

en: Ziel dieses Whitepapers ist es, Entscheidungsträgern, Verwaltungen und Stakeholdern die aktuellsten Forschungsergebnisse zur Verfügung zu stellen, um die optimale Nutzung von Bioenergie aus Hofdünger in der Schweizer Energiewende zu fördern. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Ergebnisse des Schweizer Kompetenzzentrums für Bioenergieforschung - SCCER BIOSWEET - zusammengefasst und in einem breiteren Kontext dargestellt. Wenn nichts anderes erwähnt wird, beziehen sich die Ergebnisse auf die Schweiz und im Falle der Ressourcen auf die heimischen Biomassepotenziale.

bioenergy

display_name: bioenergy

biogas

display_name: biogas

manure

display_name: manure

review

display_name: review

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.


en: discharge hydrology climate-change-impact model water-temperature

en: Data access

en:
This work presents the first extensive study of climate change impacts on rivers temperature in Switzerland. Results show that even for low emissions scenarios, water temperature increase will lead to adverse effect for both ecosystems and socioeconomic sectors (such as nuclear plant cooling) throughout the 21st century. For high emissions scenarios, the effect will be worsen. This study also shows that water warming in summer will be more important in Alpine regions than in lowlands.
This material is distributed under CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode).

climate-change-impact

display_name: climate-change-impact

discharge

display_name: discharge

hydrology

display_name: hydrology

model

display_name: model

water-temperature

display_name: water-temperature

en: Dataset for: Future water temperature of rivers in Switzerland under climate change investigated with physics-based models


en: taxonomic-diversity land-use-change conservation migclim global-change zonation functional-diversity phylogenetic-diversity plants european-alps beta-diversity species-distribution-models

en: Data Access

format: GeoTIFF

en: Updated SDM outputs

en: Refined scenarios of plants distribution in the European Alps

en:
This repository contains extensive data for the European Alps:
  - Observations of ~3,500 plant species
  - Climate (1-km), soil (100-m) and land cover predictors (1km); current and future scenarios (28 CMIP6-GCMs, 2 land cover change and 3 dispersal scenarios i.e., unlimited, no and realistic vegetation dispersal)
  - Flora migration rates (categorical) and ecological preferences (continuous indicator values)
  - Regional maps of barriers to migration and water bodies at 100-m resolution
  - Sampling effort, distance to roads and cities predictors at 100-m resolution
  - Present and future abundances over the study region at 1-km resolution (~2,000 species)
  - Present and future multifaceted and uniqueness of the European Alps' Flora at 1-km resolution
  - Present and future conservation recommendations at 1-km resolution (26 current and future strategies)
  - Phylogenetic data and functional traits of ~2,000 plants (raw data and classification trees)
  - All scripts, data and plots used for the analyses, including a singularity container (mini-linux) to run them

beta-diversity

display_name: beta-diversity

conservation

display_name: conservation

european-alps

display_name: european-alps

functional-diversity

display_name: functional-diversity

global-change

display_name: global-change

land-use-change

display_name: land-use-change

migclim

display_name: migclim

phylogenetic-diversity

display_name: phylogenetic-diversity

plants

display_name: plants

species-distribution-models

display_name: species-distribution-models

taxonomic-diversity

display_name: taxonomic-diversity

zonation

display_name: zonation

en: Present and future multifaceted plant diversity, uniqueness and conservation in the European Alps


tree-species-map-of-switzerland

title_for_slug: tree-species-map-of-switzerland

en: remote-sensing switzerland map forest tree-species

media_type: image/png

en: Image of the tree species map

format: PNG

en:
Dominant tree species map of Switzerland
We created a tree species map of Switzerland for the dominant tree species in the forested areas. The spatial resolution of the map is 10 m and the coordinate system is ETRS89-extended / LAEA Europe (EPSG 3035). The map comprises Sentinel-2 index time series from the year 2020, a digital elevation model and species reference data from the Swiss National Forest Inventory. The map is available as raster (.tif) or vector dataset (.gpkg).
**Access will be granted upon request.**
In total, the following 15 species were mapped:
*Abies alba*, *Acer pseudoplatanus*, *Alnus glutinosa*, *Alnus incana*, *Betula pendula*, *Castanea sativa*, *Fagus sylvatica*, *Fraxinus excelsior*, *Picea abies*, *Pinus cembra*, *Pinus mugo arborea*, *Pinus sylvestris*, *Quercus petraea*, *Quercus robur*, *Sorbus aucuparia*.

 Approach

 Data
- Swiss National Forest Inventory Data (stand species with > 60 % dominance in upper canopy; on at least more than 9 plots dominant)
- Sentinel-2 time series (2020, Indices: CCI, CIRE, NDMI, EVI, NDVI)
- Digital elevation model (DEM) (swissalti3d, 5 m)
- Biogeographical regions (Federal Office for the Environment FOEN)
- Forest mask 2017 (Approach: Waser et al., 2015)

 Modeling approach
We identified the most meaningful variables that led to separation of the respective groups by using random forest models with a forward feature selection (Meyer et al., 2018; Ververidis & Kotropoulos, 2005). In this approach, the final random forest model is solely built from the selected meaningful variables. By identifying meaningful variables, we can determine which variables might influence the grouping. Further, to avoid overfitting and overly optimistic results, we applied 10-fold spatial cross-validation and put all pixels from a plot in the same spatial fold.
The modeling was realized using the CAST package in R (Meyer et al., 2022), based on the well-known caret package (Kuhn, 2022). We used the ranger package in R (Wright & Ziegler, 2017) to implement the random forest models, due to its short computation time.

 Training data for modeling
- 295 Sentinel-2, DEM & Biogeographical variables
- 10525 tree species pixels

 Selected variables for final model
1. EVI of 2020.05.16
2. NDMI of 2020.03.12
3. CIRE of 2020.04.16
4. NDMI of 2020.07.05
5. CCI of 2020.05.11
6. dem
7. CCI of 2020.08.14
8. NDMI of 2020.08.24
9. CCI of 2020.12.22
10. NDMI of 2020.04.21
11. NDMI of 2020.11.17
12. NDMI of 2020.08.09
13. CIRE of 2020.03.22
14. CIRE of 2020.08.09
14. CCI of 2020.11.02
15. CIRE of 2020.06.10

 Overall Accuracy of final model
- 0.759

 Nationwide prediction
- Predicted throughout forest mask 2017 (Approach: Waser et al., 2015)
- Not applied on incomplete Sentinel-2 time series (own category in final map: incomplete_ts)
- Applied the Area of Applicability (Meyer 2022) to sort out pixels outside of the feature space; basically where the model had not the same values for pixels as in the available training data

 *Be aware that the map is only validated with the training data itself, an independent validation with other data sources remains missing*

 References
- Kuhn, M. (2022). Classification and Regression Training. 6.0-93.
- Meyer, H., Reudenbach, C., Hengl, T., Katurji, M., & Nauss, T. (2018). *Improving performance of spatio-temporal machine learning models using forward feature selection and target-oriented validation*. Environmental Modelling and Software, 101, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.12.001
- Meyer, H., Milà, C., & Ludwig, M. (2022). *CAST: 'caret' Applications for Spatial-Temporal Models*. 0.7.0.
- Ververidis, D., & Kotropoulos, C. (2005). *Sequential forward feature selection with low computational cost*. 2005 13th European Signal Processing Conference.
- Waser, L., Fischer, C.,Wang, Z., & Ginzler, C. (2015). *Wall-to-Wall Forest Mapping Based on Digital Surface Models from Image-Based Point Clouds and a NFI Forest Definition*. Forests, 6, 12, 4510–4528.
- Wright, M. N., & Ziegler, A. (2017). *ranger: A Fast Implementation of Random Forests for High Dimensional Data in C++ and R*. Journal of Statistical Software, 77(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/doi:10.18637/jss.v077.i01

forest

display_name: forest

map

display_name: map

remote-sensing

display_name: remote-sensing

switzerland

display_name: switzerland

tree-species

display_name: tree-species

en: Tree species map of Switzerland


maintainer: Alexandre Buttler

en: transplantation-experiment soil climate-change biogeochemisty silvopastoral-systems

en: Dataset

en: Zip archive of all datasets detailed in study.

en:
Silvopastoral systems are highly productive and combine long-term wood production with annual provision of forage for livestock. In the Swiss Jura Mountains these systems are a key component of the landscape. As in other cold biomes, climate change can potentially accelerate landscape change within these historically sustainable systems.

In order to anticipate the evolution of subalpine wooded pasture ecosystems under future climate and land-use changes, this project focused on the interplay between soil, vegetation and climate. It was aimed at providing experimental evidence for chief ecosystem processes, with emphasis on the quality of the ecosystem services provided. The main interest was placed on vegetation turf resistance to climate change along an unwooded – sparsely wooded - densely wooded pasture gradient (land-use intensity), where plant productivity, diversity and succession along with rates of carbon cycling and microbial activity provided measures of ecosystem functioning at both plot and landscape level.

Experimental transplantation of monolith soil turfs to lower altitudes allowed to simulate soil warming and reduced annual precipitation. In order to simulate a year-round warmer and drier climate the natural climate variation along an altitudinal gradient was used as a proxy. The aim was to simulate realistic climate change scenarios for the second half of the 21st century predicted by the IPCC report and downscaled for Switzerland providing regionalized interpolated projections integrating therein trends for temperature increase and precipitation decrease. By using permanent meteorological stations within the network of the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss), we obtained high resolution regional data on the variation of mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) in relation to altitude in the Swiss Jura Mountains. We observed a general increase of +0.5 K in MAT and a decrease of -20 % MAP for each 100 m decrease in altitude along the SE slope of the Swiss Jura Mountains. These relationships served for the selection of the transplantation sites such that in comparison to a control site at 1350 m a.s.l. (Combe des Amburnex, N 46°54’, E 6°23’) a +2 K MAT and -20 % MAP was achieved at 1010 m a.s.l. (Saint-George, N 46°52’, E 6°26’), a +4 K MAT and -40 % MAP at 570 m a.s.l., (Arboretum d’Aubonne, N 46°51’, E 6°37’), and a +5 K MAT and -50 % MAP at 395 m a.s.l. (Les Bois Chamblard, N 46°47’, E 6°41’). The two stations at 1010 m a.s.l. and 570 m a.s.l. corresponded to the IPCC scenario A1B for a moderate increase in greenhouse gas emissions and to scenario A2 for a high increase in greenhouse gas emissions, respectively. The station at 395 m a.s.l. was chosen to represent an extreme scenario with climate variables lying at the positive tail distribution of model predictions under the A2 scenario.

Soil cores were assembled into rectangular PVC boxes of 60  80 cm2 size and of 35 cm height. All mesocosms were dug down to surface level into previously prepared trenches in the ground thus preventing lateral heat exchange with the atmosphere. Since at each site the mesocosms were placed in a common garden with no light interception, mesocosms with turfs from the two wooded pastures were shaded from direct sun light to simulate the natural light conditions in the corresponding habitats. Each mesocosm was equipped with a drainage system and was connected to a water tank thus representing a zero potential lysimeter collecting soil solution and precipitation/snowmelt runoff. ECH2O EC-TM sensor probes coupled to Em50 data-loggers (Decagon Devices, Inc., USA) recorded soil temperature and volumetric water content in each mesocosm at the top-soil (0 to -3 cm) every minute and data were averaged over one hour intervals. Climate parameters at each transplantation site were monitored continuously throughout the experiment by means of automated weather stations (Sensor Scope Sàrl, Switzerland), measuring rain precipitation (non-heated tipping bucket gauges) and air temperature and humidity 2 m above the ground surface at one minute intervals.

A list of above- and belowground variables were measured to assess the resilience of biogeochemical processes, plant productivity, tree regeneration, and carbon sequestration for each respective land-use practice. Furthermore, the experimental data were used to improve on (parameterization) the existing spatially explicit, dynamic model WoodPaM and refine the modelʼs climatic and land-use variables so that different scenarios of climate change and land use change could be simulated. Natural and management induced disturbance patterns were incorporated into the model.
The data have been made available within the project CCES Mounted. The climate stations Sensorscope are still in use within the project CLIMARBRE (Wald und Klimawandel, WSL/BAFU).

#References

1. Puissant, J., Cécillon, L., Mills, R.T.E., Robroek, B.J.M. Gavazov, K., De Danieli, S., Spiegelberger, T., Buttler, A., Brun, J.J. 2015. Seasonal influence of climate manipulation on microbial community structure and function in mountain soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 80: 296–305.
2. Mills, R., K. Gavazov, T. Spiegelberger, D. Johnson and A. Buttler 2014. Diminished soil functions occur under simulated climate change in a sup-alpine pasture, but heterotrophic temperature sensitivity indicates microbial resilience. Science of the Total Environment, vol. 473–474(0): 465-472.
3. Gavazov, K., Spiegelberger, T. and Buttler, A. 2014. Transplantation of subalpine wood-pasture turfs along a natural climatic gradient reveals lower resistance of unwooded pastures to climate change compared to wooded ones. Oecologia (174) : 1425-1435.
4. Peringer A., Siehoff S., Chételat J., Spiegelberger T., Buttler A. & Gillet F. 2013. Past and future landscape dynamics in pasture-woodlands of the Swiss Jura Mountains under climate change. Ecology and Society, 18, 3: 11. DOI: 10.5751/ES-05600-180311. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol18/iss3/art11/
5. Gavazov, K. S., A. Peringer, A. Buttler, F. Gillet and T. Spiegelberger. 2013. Dynamics of Forage Production in Pasture-woodlands of the Swiss Jura Mountains under Projected Climate Change Scenarios. Ecology and Society 18 (1): 38. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol18/iss1/art38/

biogeochemisty

display_name: biogeochemisty

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

silvopastoral-systems

display_name: silvopastoral-systems

soil

display_name: soil

transplantation-experiment

display_name: transplantation-experiment

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Biogeochemical data from a transplantation experiment of monolith soil turfs along an altitudinal gradient to simulate climate change scenarios


disdrometer-data-davos-wolfgang

title_for_slug: disdrometer-data-davos-wolfgang

en: fall-velocity precipitation raclets davos disdrometer

en: Disdrometer Data Davos Wolfgang

en:
The zip folder contains one netCDF file per day for Davos Wolfgang from February 8 to March 19 2019 with a temporal resolution of 30 seconds (time in UTC) and includes:

- characteristics of hydrometeors (e.g. diameter, fall velocity, amount per diameter class,...)
- precipitation rate
- radar reflectivity
- visibility range
- weather codes
- instrument performance

en: The dataset contains information on precipitation amount and type for Davos Wolfgang (LON: 9.853594, LAT: 46.835577) from February 8 to March 19 2019. It includes: characteristics of hydrometeors (e.g. diameter, fall velocity, amount per diameter class,...), precipitation rate, radar reflectivity, visibility range, weather codes and instrument performance.

davos

display_name: davos

disdrometer

display_name: disdrometer

fall-velocity

display_name: fall-velocity

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

raclets

display_name: raclets

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.


causal-effect-of-mfoz

title_for_slug: causal-effect-of-mfoz

en: fujian-province propensity-score-matching built-up-land-change causality the-major-function-oriented-zone selection-bias

en: Data and Stata code for repeating the results

en:
Data.xlsx is the variables of 952 townships
Table 1-2 NN(1-1)_noreplace_caliper(0.01).do is STATA code to produce the results in Table 1 and 2
Figure 5 Distribution of the propensity scores.R is R code rto produce Figure 5
Figure 5 Standard mean difference.R is R code rto produce Figure 5

en:
Title: Closer to causality: How effective is spatial planning in governing built-up land expansion in Fujian Province, China?

Research objective: The Major Function Oriented Zone (MFOZ), the first strategic spatial plan in China, is developed to achieve a coordinated regional development, through spatial regulation and zoning of development. The MFOZ he MFOZ divided land into four major function-oriented zones: The development-optimized zone, the development-prioritised zone, the development-restricted zone, and the development-prohibited zone. We used propensity score marching to evaluate the effect of the MFOZ on built-up land expansion in Fujian Province over three time intervals (2013–2015, 2013–2018 and 2013–2020).

Data: Data.xlsx contains the variables of 954 towns in Fujian Province.
Town_ID is the town unique ID;
County_ID is the county unique ID;
City_ID is the city unique ID;
MFOZ is the the development-prioritised zone and the development-restricted zone (The development-optimized zone and the development-prohibited zone are excluded);
Builtup_13_15 is the built-up land expansion from 2013 to 2015;
Builtup_13_18 is the built-up land expansion from 2013 to 2018;
Builtup_13_20 is the built-up land expansion from 2013 to 2020;
Dis2water is the Euclidean distance from the town to the nearest waterbody;
Slope is the the average slope within the town;
GDP is the average GDP in 2010 within the town;
Pop is the average population in 2010 within the town;
Road is the average population in 2010 within the town;
Dis2city is the Euclidean distance from the town to the nearest prefectural city centre;
Nei_Arable, Nei_Forest, and Nei_Built.up are the area of arable land, forest land, and built-up land neighbouring town i in 2010.

Method: we used the propensity score matching to compare the changes in the amount of built-up land in the towns of the development-prioritised zone with the matched towns of the development-restricted zone. Additionally, we used three evaluation intervals (2013–2015, 2013–2018 and 2013–2020) to evaluate temporal variation in the causal effect of the MFOZ on built-up land expansion.

built-up-land-change

display_name: built-up-land-change

causality

display_name: causality

fujian-province

display_name: fujian-province

propensity-score-matching

display_name: propensity-score-matching

selection-bias

display_name: selection-bias

the-major-function-oriented-zone

display_name: the-major-function-oriented-zone

en: Causal effect of MFOZ


aerosol-data-weissfluhjoch

title_for_slug: aerosol-data-weissfluhjoch

en: particles inp raclets ice-nucleation aerosol linda

en: APS Dataset Weissfluhjoch

en: The APS file contains aerosol data (total number concentration, median, mean, geometric mean, mode and geometric standard deviation of the size distribution) for aerodynamic diameters between 0.5 μm and ~20 μm as well as instrument characteristics, in a temporal resolution of 20 seconds, with time in UTC, measured at Weissfluhjoch.

mimetype: application/x-netcdf

en: LINDA Dataset Weissfluhjoch

en: The LINDA file contains information on temperature (in °C) dependent frozen fractions, number of Ice Nuleating Particles (INP, per standard liter) and differential INP concentrations (per standard liter and Kelvin).

en: OPC-GT526S Dataset Weissfluhjoch

en: Particle counts were recorded in six size channels (0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.5, 2.5 and 5 μm) in a resolution of 20 seconds (time in UTC) by a particle counter (GT-526S, Met One Instruments, Inc.).

en: OPC-N3 Dataset Weissfluhjoch

en: Particle concentrations in a size range of 0.35 μm to 40 μm were measured with an OPC-N3 (Alphasense, Inc.) in a resolution of 20 seconds (time in UTC). PM₁, PM₂,₅ and PM₁₀ were directly derived.

en: SMPS Dataset Weissfluhjoch

en: The SMPS file contains aerosol data (particle concentration, total number concentration, median, mean, geometric mean, mode and geometric standard deviation of the size distribution) in a size range between 12 and 460 nm (electrical mobility diameter) as well as instrument characteristics (sample temperature, pressure, relative humidity, mean free path and gas viscosity) in a temporal resolution of 2 minutes, with time in UTC, measured at Weissfluhjoch.

en:
Aerosol properties were measured between February 8 and March 31 2019 at the measurement site Weissfluhjoch (LON: 9.806475, LAT: 46.832964). Optical and aerodynamic particle counters, as well as a scanning mobility particle size spectrometer and an ice nuclei counter were deployed to report particle concentrations and size distributions in fine (10-1000 nm) and coarse mode (> 1000 nm), cloud condensation nuclei concentrations (CCNCs), and ice nuclei particle concentrations (ICNCs). The ambient particles were transported via a heated inlet to be distributed to the particle detecting devices inside the setup room.

Optical Particle Counter (OPC): Light scattering of a diode laser beam caused by travelling particles is used in the both, the OPC-N3 (0.41 - 38.5 μm) and GT-526S (0.3 – 5 μm), to determine their size and number concentration. For the OPC-N3, particle size spectra and concentration data are used afterwards to calculate PM₁, PM₂,₅ and PM₁₀ (assumptions: particle density: 1.65 g cmˉ³, refractive index: 1.5+i0).

Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS): The APS (3321, TSI Inc.) measured the particle size distribution for aerodynamic diameters between 0.5 μm and ~20 μm by the particle’s time-of-flight and light-scattering intensity (assumptions: particle density 1 g cmˉ³).

Scanning Mobility Particle Size Spectrometer (SMPS): Particle number concentrations in a size range between 12 and 460 nm (electrical mobility diameter) were measured at Davos Wolfgang, using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer (SMPS 3938, TSI Inc.). The classifier (3082, TSI Inc.) was equipped with a neutralizer (3088, TSI Inc.) and a differential mobility analyzer working with negative polarity (3081, TSI Inc.). The size selected particles were counted by a water-based condensation particle counter (3787 TSI Inc.). The TSI AIM software was used to provide particle size distributions by applying multiple charge and diffusion loss corrections (assumptions: particle density 1 g cmˉ³).

Coriolis μ and LINDA: A microbial air sampler (Coriolis μ, bertin Instruments) was used to collect airborne particles for investigating their ice nucleating ability with a droplet freezing device. Particles larger than 0.5 μm were drawn with an air flow rate of up to 300 l min‾¹ into the cone and centrifuged into the wall of the cone due to the forming vortex. The liquid sample was transferred into the LED based Ice Nucleation Detection Apparatus (LINDA, University of Basel) to study heterogeneous ice formation (immersion freezing mode) of ambient airborne particles.

aerosol

display_name: aerosol

ice-nucleation

display_name: ice-nucleation

inp

display_name: inp

linda

display_name: linda

particles

display_name: particles

en: Aerosol Data Weissfluhjoch


maintainer: Esther Frei

en: long-term-experiment literature-review stillberg treeline-ecosystems mountain-ecology

en: The Stillberg bibliography (Stillberg_bibliography_v1.zip) comprises a comprehensive list of 276 scientific publications, 91 of them published in peer-reviewed ISI journals (Stillberg_bibliography_data_v1.csv) along with the metadata file (Stillberg_bibliography_metadata_v1.csv). Currently the bibliography comprises literature about the main afforestation experiment, the FACE × warming experiment, the nutrient addition experiment, and the G-TREE experiment, as well as further publications related to the Stillberg research site that have been published until August 2023. The bibliography can be filtered for different categories, e.g., experiment, peer-review, source repository or database, and source title.

en:
 Background information

The Stillberg ecological treeline research site in the Swiss Alps was established in 1975, with the aim to develop ecologically, technically, and economically sustainable reforestation techniques at the treeline to reduce the risk of snow avalanches. In the course of time, additional research aspects gained importance, such as the ecology of the treeline ecotone under global change. Over almost fifty years, research at the Stillberg site combined long-term monitoring of the large-scale high-elevation afforestation with experimental manipulations simulating global change impacts. Besides providing a scientific basis and practical guidelines for high-elevation afforestation, this research has contributed to a comprehensive understanding of ecological processes in the treeline ecotone across different compartments and scales, from individual trees, non-tree vegetation and soils to whole ecosystems, in the context of global change resulting in more than 150 publications.

 Dataset generation

We compiled a comprehensive list of scientific publications covering research at the Stillberg research site by conducting searches in the literature databases Web of Science and Google Scholar, as well as in the Digital Object Repository of the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL (DORA). We compiled all publications about the afforestation experiment, the FACE × warming experiment, the nutrient addition experiment, the G-TREE experiment, as well as other studies related to the Stillberg research site.

 Data description

The Stillberg bibliography (Stillberg_bibliography_data_v1.csv) comprises a comprehensive list of 276 scientific publications, 91 of them published in peer-reviewed ISI journals. Currently the bibliography comprises literature about the main afforestation experiment, the FACE × warming experiment, the nutrient addition experiment, and the G-TREE experiment, as well as further publications related to the Stillberg research site that have been published until August 2023. The bibliography can be filtered for different categories, e.g., experiment, peer-review, source repository or database, and source title. The bibliography is described in a metadata file (Stillberg_bibliography_metadata_v1.csv). The bibliography along with the metadata file are provided in a ZIP-folder (Stillberg_bibliography_v1.zip).

literature-review

display_name: literature-review

long-term-experiment

display_name: long-term-experiment

mountain-ecology

display_name: mountain-ecology

stillberg

display_name: stillberg

treeline-ecosystems

display_name: treeline-ecosystems

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Bibliography of the long-term treeline research site Stillberg, Switzerland


maintainer: Marco Moretti

en: community-indices anthophila elevation-gradient hymenoptera biodiversity beta-diversity wild-bee climate urbanization protected-areas predictive-modelling functional-diversity resource-availability switzerland

en: Taxonomic and functional metrics in the community plots

en:
Response data used for the modeling.
Lat: latitude community plot
Lon: longitude community plot
Richness: species richness
Shannon: Shannon diversity index
FDis: functional dispersion
TOP: Trait Onion Peeling (functional richness)
TED: Trait Even Distribution (functional evenness)
LCBD_taxo: local community contributions to taxonomic beta diversity
LCBD_fun: local community contributions to functional beta diversity
ITD: community weighted means inter-tegula distance
feeding_specialization: community weighted means feeding specialization
tong_length: community weighted means tongue length
phenostart: community weighted means start of the phenology
phenoduration: community weighted means duration of the phenoloy
cleptoparasite: community weighted means cleptoparasites
belowgound: community weighted means proportion belowground
solitary: community weighted means proportion solitary

en: Wild bee trait data

en: Text file containing the scores of the 8 used traits. The data originates from the European trait database (compiler: Stuart Roberts; pollinator loss module of the EU- FP6 ALARM project).

en: Spatial environmental predictors and responses

en:
The .zip file contains the rasters of the environmental predictors and the predicted responses:
-  **Environmental predictors.**:
  -  The raster on the climate contains the PCA axes on the CHELSA variables.
  -  The raster on resource availability contains the PCA axes on plant communities
  -  The raster on land-use contains the land-use composition at 2500 m.
  -  The raster on beekeeping intensity contains thedensity of hives within 2500 m
-  **Responses**:
- The predicted responses (alpha and beta taxonomic and functional metrics and the traits) without masking the waterbodies, used in the analyses (Diversity_stack_revised_Selected_descriptors.tif). It contains a stack of 20 responses in this order: "belowgound", "cleptoparasite","FDis", "feeding_specialization", "FEve", "FRic", "InvSimpson", "ITD","LCBD_fun" ,"LCBD_taxo","phenoduration", "phenostart", "Rao", "Richness", "Shannon", "Simpson","solitary", "TED", "tong_length", "TOP". "FEve", "FRic", "InvSimpson","Rao", "Simpson" were not included in the linked paper.
- The predicted responses (alpha and beta taxonomic and functional metrics and the traits) masking the waterbodies (masked.stack.all.diversity.tiff). It includes a stack of 15 responses (excludes "FEve", "FRic", "InvSimpson","Rao", "Simpson").

en: Deprecated-Predictors

en:
The compress file includes the rster files of the predictors used in the analyses, including the climate, resource availability, land-use and beekeeping intensity metrics.

The raster on the climate contains the PCA axes on the CHELSA variables.
The raster on resource availability contains the PCA axes on plant communities
The raster on land-use contains the land-use composition at 2500 m.
The raster on beekeeping intensity contains thedensity of hives within 2500 m

en: Elevation and waterbodies

en: Zip file containing two rasters: the digital elevation model of Switzerland and the waterbodies of Switzerland.

en: Variable importance, model evaluation, partial dependence plots

en: The compress file containes a set of txt files with the variable importance, the model evaluation metrics and the partial dependence plots of each of the responses used (alpha and beta taxonomic and functional diversity metrics; community weighted means of 8 functional traits)

en: Protected areas

en: Protected areas considered, divided in three groups and rasters: protected areas sensu stricto, protected areas sensu lato and all protected areas

en:
Raw data supporting the paper "Countrywide wild bee taxonomic and functional diversity reveal a spatial mismatch between alpha and beta-diversity facets across multiple ecological gradients". It contains taxonomic and functional metrics in 3343 community-plots distributed across Switzerland. The calculated metrics are:
- Alpha taxonomic community metrics: species richness and Shannon diversity
- Alpha functional community metrics: Functional richness (using the Trait Onion Peeling index, TOP), functional eveness (using the Trait Even Distribution index, TED) and the functional dispersion.
- Community weighted means of 8 functional traits
- The local community contributions on the functional and taxonomic beta diversity (LCBD).

The dataset also includes the following:
- The used predictors to model the spatial distribution of the community metrics (climate PCA, vegetation PCA, land-use metrics, beekeeping intensity).
-The three types of protected areas, defined according to the protective measures.
- The model evaluation, variable importance and partial dependece data.

anthophila

display_name: anthophila

beta-diversity

display_name: beta-diversity

biodiversity

display_name: biodiversity

climate

display_name: climate

community-indices

display_name: community-indices

elevation-gradient

display_name: elevation-gradient

functional-diversity

display_name: functional-diversity

hymenoptera

display_name: hymenoptera

predictive-modelling

display_name: predictive-modelling

protected-areas

display_name: protected-areas

resource-availability

display_name: resource-availability

switzerland

display_name: switzerland

urbanization

display_name: urbanization

wild-bee

display_name: wild-bee

en: Data on wild bee taxonomic and functional diversity in Switzerland


en: madagascar landscape-evolution endemism geology flora

en: Data v1.0

en: used for paper submission only

en: Escarpment evolution drives the diversification of the Madagascar flora

en: This upload contains the data (species checklist, species range maps, time-calibrated phylogenies, topographic change, etc.) generated, analyzed, and presented in the paper .

en: Although much of the endemic biodiversity of Madagascar can be attributed to its isolation as an island in the Indian Ocean, the high rates of speciation throughout its geologic history suggest an influence of local-scale landscape dynamics. The topographic evolution of Madagascar is dominated by the formation of high-relief continental rift escarpment and we argue that the erosion and landward retreat of this topography creates habitat heterogeneity that has served as a speciation pump for the island. The highest plant richness is found along the escarpment and is characterized by steady diversification rates over the last 45 Ma. Modeled landscape evolution by escarpment retreat demonstrates opportunities for allopatric speciation by transient habitat fragmentation through multiple mechanisms, including catchment expansion, isolation of highland remnants and formation of topographic and river barriers The segregation of floral phylogenetic turnover parallel to the escarpment is consistent with these mechanisms and indicates the importance of erosion-driven landscape dynamics on speciation.

endemism

display_name: endemism

flora

display_name: flora

geology

display_name: geology

landscape-evolution

display_name: landscape-evolution

madagascar

display_name: madagascar

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.


en: first-order-catchment meteorological-data alptal snow runoff subalpine

en: Daily runoff data from three steep torrents in the Alptal (1968-2022)

en: Runoff, water temperature and electrical conductivity have been measured since 1968 at the outlet of three torrential catchments (with an area of approximately 1 km2 each) located in the Alptal valley: Erlenbach, Lümpenenbach and Vogelbach. This data set provides daily mean values; data at 10-min resolution can be provided on request for the period 1984-2022 (contact: alptal@wsl.ch).

en: Meteorological data Alptal 1968-2023 EnviDat updated

en:
Air temperature, dew point temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation and global radiation have been measured (since 1981) on a meadow (Erlenhöhe) in the Erlenbach catchment. It is located at 1'220 m a.s.l. with an exposure towards west. In order to assess the spatial variability of precipitation, two additional rain gauges have been running in the Vogelbach and Lümpenenbach catchment, respectively. For the period before 1981, meteorological variables have been extrapolated from the nearby MeteoSwiss station Einsiedeln (ca. 15 km north) to the WSL station Erlenhöhe using a linear correction factor for air temperature, wind speed and precipitation. Snow depth has been recorded automatically since 2003. Snow water equivalent has been calculated using two numerical models: COUP model (Jansson, 2012) and DeltaSnow model (Winkler et al., 2021)

Jansson, P.-E. (2012). COUP model: model use, calibration, and validation.Transactions of the ASABE, 55(4), 1335–1344. Winkler, M., et al. (2021): Snow water equivalents exclusively from snow depths and their temporal changes: the Δsnow model, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1165-1187, 10.5194/hess-25-1165-861 2021.

en: Runoff daily mean Alptal 1968-2023 EnviDat updated

en: Runoff, water temperature and electrical conductivity have been measured since 1968 at the outlet of three torrential catchments (with an area of approximately 1 km2 each) located in the Alptal valley: Erlenbach, Lümpenenbach and Vogelbach. This data set provides daily mean values; data at 10-min resolution can be provided on request for the period 1984-2023 (contact: alptal@wsl.ch).

en: Daily meteorological and snow data (1968-2022) Alptal

en:
Air temperature, dew point temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation and global radiation have been measured (since 1981) on a meadow (Erlenhöhe) in the Erlenbach catchment. It is located at 1'220 m a.s.l. with an exposure towards west. In order to assess the spatial variability of precipiation, two additional rain gauges have been running in the Vogelbach and Lümpenenbach catchment, respectively.
For the period before 1981, meteorological variables have been extrapolated from the nearby MeteoSwiss station Einsiedeln (ca. 15 km north) to the WSL station Erlenhöhe using a linear correction factor for air temperature, wind speed and precipitation.
Snow depth has been recorded automatically since 2003. Snow water equivalent has been calculated using two numerical models: COUP model (Jansson, 2012) and DeltaSnow model (Winkler et al., 2021)

Jansson, P.-E. (2012). COUP model: model use, calibration, and validation.Transactions of the ASABE, 55(4), 1335–1344.
Winkler, M., et al. (2021): Snow water equivalents exclusively from snow depths and their temporal changes: the Δsnow model, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1165-1187, 10.5194/hess-25-1165-861 2021.

en: Manual snow measurements Alptal (1968-2022)

en:
Snow depth, snow density and snow water equivalent have been measured since winter 1968/69 along more than 15 transects distributed across the Alptal valley representing different altitudes, aspects and land use (closed forest and open meadows). Length of the snow courses: 20 to 30 m. The measurement interval has been weekly to monthly.
More details about the locations and methods can be found in Stähli, M.; Gustafsson, D., (2006). Long-term investigations of the snow cover in a subalpine semi-forested catchment. Hydrological Processes, 20, 411-428. doi: 10.1002/hyp.6058.

en: Snow measurements Alptal 1969-2023 EnviDat updated

en:
This data set includes 54 years of hydrometeorological measurements from small (first-order) catchments in the pre-alpine valley Alptal. Here we provide daily mean values; values in sub-daily resolution can be provided on demand.
Runoff has been measured at the outlet of three small (first-order) catchments of approximately 1 km2 area: Erlenbach (two independent runoff measurements), Vogelbach and Lümpenenbach. The catchments are similar with regard to geology (Flysch) and soil conditions (clay soils), but differ in forest coverage (20 to 60%). A detailed description of the catchments can be found at https://www.wsl.ch/alptal .
Runoff in these small catchments is typically very dynamic and can temporally carry large amounts of sediment and large wood. Thus, the accuracy of the measurements at very large flow is limited.
Meteorological variables have been measured on a meadow (Erlenhöhe) located in the Erlenbach catchment at 1220 m a.s.l. using a standard meteorological station (incl. ventilated air temperature and heated rain gauges). In addition, precipitation has also been recorded at two other locations (in the Vogelbach and Lümpenenbach catchments).
Snow measurements have been conducted weekly to monthly since 1968 at more than 15 locations (30-m transects) representing different altitudes, aspects and land uses (meadow, forest). In addition, snow depth has been recorded continuously since 2003 at Erlenhöhe, and for this location we also include a simulation of snow depth and SWE (using the numerical models COUP and DeltaSnow) that assimilates the manual weekly snow-course measurements. Details on these snow measurements can be found in Stähli, M. and Gustafsson, D. 2006. Hydrol. Proc., 20, 411-428. doi: 10.1002/hyp.6058.

Further information on the methods and sensors can be found at https://www.wsl.ch/alptal .

A first version of this data set (for the period 1968-2017) was uploaded in June 2018 at the occasion of the 50-year anniversary. This original data set was updated in February 2021 (with data from 2018 and 2019), and this data set was used for a longterm trend analysis, submitted for publication in a special issue of Hydrological Processes. A second update of the data set (with data from 2020 to 2022) was uploaded in March 2023.

alptal

display_name: alptal

first-order-catchment

display_name: first-order-catchment

meteorological-data

display_name: meteorological-data

runoff

display_name: runoff

snow

display_name: snow

subalpine

display_name: subalpine

en: Longterm hydrological observatory Alptal (central Switzerland)


en: COST European Snow Booklet (ESB)

en: Please find here the web version of the COST European Snow Booklet (ESB).

en: COST European Snow Booklet (ESB) - DORA Link

media_type: text/html

en: DORA Link of the COST European Snow Booklet (ESB).

format: HTML

en: European Snow Booklet unpublished metadata

en: The entire station metadata of all European institutions that contributed data is stored in METADATA_unpublished.xlsx. This file, however, cannot be accessed, since not all institutions gave permission to publish their station metadata. If you wish to access the metadata, please send a request to marty@slf.ch stating clearly why you want to access these metadata. NOTE: in this file ONLY station metadata (Lat/Lon/Altitude) is given, NO measured snow depth data.

en: List of authors and list of the editorial board of the European Snow Booklet

en:
Here you can find the list of all lead authors of the different chapters of the European Snow Booklet (ESB).
In addition a list of the editorial board that reviewed the ESB is given.

en: European Snow Booklet public metadata

en:
The core of the European Snow Booklet (ESB), the country reports of 38 European countries, are based on information and metadata on snow measurements collected through a comprehensive survey, the ESB Questionnaire, between August 2017 and March 2018. The station metadata (for example location, elevation, measurement start date) from each country was provided by one or several institutions responsible for snow observations. By answering the questionnaire the contacts agreed that the information and metadata provided could be presented in the ESB. For cases where institutions indicated that information on station locations could be made publicly available, the metadata for the variables snow depth (HS), depth of snowfall (HN) and water equivalent of the snow cover (SWE), is additionally provided here for download (METADATA.xlsx).
Please note that not all institutions gave permission to publish their station metadata. This metadata has to be requested from the non-personal institution contacts provided in the METADATA.xlsx file. In some cases, however, no institutional contact is available and thus the contact of the country representative who filled in the questionnaire is used.
For current, updated station metadata we refer to the (non-personal) institutional contacts provided in METADATA.xlsx and/or the institution webpages. Note, however, that we cannot guarantee for completeness of the dataset for all countries because operational networks are prone to changes.

en:
The European Snow Booklet (ESB) is a book of reference for snow measurements that has been produced through collaboration with many European snow practitioners and snow scientists in the framework of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action ES1404 “A European network for a harmonised monitoring of snow for the benefit of climate change scenarios, hydrology and numerical weather prediction (HarmoSnow)”. The ESB provides a unique collection of information about operational snow observations in the European countries and the methods used to perform basic measurements of snow on the ground: snow depth (HS), depth of snowfall (HN), water equivalent of the snow cover (SWE) and presence of snow on the ground (PSG). Information and station metadata (for example location, elevation) for these basic snow variables were collected through a comprehensive survey, the ESB questionnaire between August 2017 and March 2018. Numerous institutions of 38 European countries provided detailed information describing the status of the operational snow observations and the methods used at the time of the survey. Based on the information provided, a country report was written for each European country. Similarities and differences among the countries, that is, the choice of snow variables to be measured, the measurement principles applied, the number of stations, or the spatial and elevational station distribution are pointed out. Thus the collection of country reports demonstrates the relevance of snow measurements for each country. Thus, the intention of the ESB is to foster better knowledge transfer regarding snow measurements between the snow science and operational communities and to improve the communication of information to the general public.

For detailed information on the European countries, we refer to the ESB, which can be downloaded here (envidat.ch). Please note that the ESB is not a living document and information and station metadata are from August 2017 till March 2018, except for Latvia (metadata updated in December 2018).

depth-of-snowfall

display_name: depth-of-snowfall

harmonisation-of-snow-measurements

display_name: harmonisation-of-snow-measurements

snow-depth

display_name: snow-depth

snow-measurement-methods

display_name: snow-measurement-methods

water-equivalent-of-the-snow-cover

display_name: water-equivalent-of-the-snow-cover

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: European Snow Booklet – an Inventory of Snow Measurements in Europe


maintainer: Thorsten Bartels-Rausch

en: snow polar laboratory-study antartic arctic sea-salt-aerosol cryosphere

en: Experimental results of uptake coefficient vs. temperature and ozone concentration

en:
Data to Figure 3: Measured uptake coefficients as a function of temperature at 5E12 molecules per cm3 ozone concentration.

Data to Figure 6: Measured uptake coefficients at different temperatures as a function of gas- phase ozone concentration.

en: Experimental Results: Uptake coefficients vs. temperature and ozone concentration

en:
* Final Data to Figure 3: Uptake coefficients as a function of temperature at 5E12 molecules per cm3 ozone concentration.
* Final Data to Figure 6: Uptake coefficients at different temperatures as a function of gas- phase ozone concentration.

The average ozone uptake coefficients of the three cycles between the bypass and the flow tube per repeat is taken as the mean uptake coefficient for each experiment. Gamma was corrected for gas phase diffusion limitation following the Cooney–Kim– Davis (CKD) method52 (see supporting material of publication for details).

en: The reaction of ozone with bromide in polar regions results in the formation of reactive bromide species with impacts on ozone budget and the oxidative capacity of the lower atmosphere. Here, we present a data investigating the temperature dependence of bromide oxidation by ozone using a coated wall flow tube reactor coated with an aqueous mixture of citric acid and sodium bromide, a proxy for sea salt aerosol in snow or the free troposphere. Thus study shows the effect of of organic species at relatively mild temperatures between the freezing point and eutectic temperature as typical for Earth's cryosphere.

antartic

display_name: antartic

arctic

display_name: arctic

cryosphere

display_name: cryosphere

laboratory-study

display_name: laboratory-study

polar

display_name: polar

sea-salt-aerosol

display_name: sea-salt-aerosol

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Kinetic experiments on the oxidation of bromide by ozone from 289-245 K.


maintainer: Axel Volkwein

en: experiments rockfall trajectory natural-hazards field-test field-data experiment mass-movements field-tests

en: Jumps and impacts

en: This table contains data of more than 2200 of each jumps and impacts of the test blocks on a grassy slope. It gives there durations in combination with acting accerlartions and the rotational speed of the blocks. The data were retrieved using the block internal accelerometer and rotation sensors. The combination of these data with the measurement from the local positioning system allows the deduction of jump lengths, slope gradient etc.

en: Overview of all tests

en:
This table gives an overview on all tests performed including
- block used
- start & end position
- number of jumps
- etc.
-

en: These data contain the point clouds obtained from laser scanning the test slope and the six test blocks used for the experiments. The coordinates of the slope are given in CH-1903 format. The coordinates of the block point clouds are kept in a lokal x/y/z coordinate system.

en: Block trajectories recorded from local positioning system

en: This file contains more than 80 rockfall trajectories projected onto the terrain, i.e. the positions of the single blocks over time during the single tests that were recorded by the local positioning system with about 10Hz. It contains the detected positions as well as a smoothened path (see Volkwein et al., Geosciences, 2018). The table also contains the derived velocities and accelerations along the slope (attention: these accelerations are the once that occur during an impact).

en:
In summer 2014, 6 rock blocks between 20 and 80kg have been thrown in total 111 times down a slope at the Swiss Oberalppass close to the village Tschamut. The slope was mainly covered by grass and its lower part was flat and large enough to provide natural runouts of the single trajectories.

An extensive measurement program has been set up to measure the block trajectories: With surveyor's instruments the slope and the six used rock blocks were scanned and the start and end positions of each test were recorded. During the single events two cameras filmed the trajectories. A special sensor device located within the blocks recorded the acting accelerations and rotational speeds over time. Further, the device emitted a Wifi signal that got detected from eight receivers around the slope. Based on this signal the block position has been recorded over time.

The dataset contains all data that were gathered through above field campaign.

experiment

display_name: experiment

experiments

display_name: experiments

field-data

display_name: field-data

field-test

display_name: field-test

field-tests

display_name: field-tests

mass-movements

display_name: mass-movements

natural-hazards

display_name: natural-hazards

rockfall

display_name: rockfall

trajectory

display_name: trajectory

en: Repetitive trajectory testing in Tschamut 2014


maintainer: Zhao

en: austin urban-land-use planning driving-factors land-dynamics

en: Potential driving factors of urban transformations of Austin over 25 years

en: In this study, the Austin metropolitan area, Texas, U.S., one of the fastest urban transformations and transformations regions, is selected to test the hypothesis that spatial planning and policies are important factors of urban transformations. Despite ample previous work in understanding the interactions between human and urban form transformation at specific areas, the actual interventions and outcomes of planning and policies (e.g., ‘smart growth’) on urban forms have been poorly measured. In this study, the potential influencing factors of urban transformations of Austin over 25 years were selected and collected.

austin

display_name: austin

driving-factors

display_name: driving-factors

land-dynamics

display_name: land-dynamics

planning

display_name: planning

urban-land-use

display_name: urban-land-use

educ

en: Education, culture and sport


maintainer: Christian Rixen

en: treeline dwarf-shrubs tree-rings stillberg fertilization nitrogen-isotope

en: Project Description Nutrient Addition Stillberg

en: Link to Nutrient Addition project description on the WSL website (in German).

en: Metadata Nutrient Addition Stillberg Experimental Design

en: Nutrient addition map of the study area with the investigated plots. Each circle (study block) contains one control plot and two plots that received NPK fertilizer corresponding to 15 (NPK15) or 30 (NPK30) kg N ha-1 a-1. Contour lines specify the elevation (m a.s.l.) in steps of 10 m.

en: Data Nutrient Addition Stillberg

en: This link leads to the figshare repository, which contains all nutrient addition data.

en:
 Background information

The availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is considered to be a major factor limiting growth and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems globally. This project aimed to determine whether the growth stimulation documented in previous short‐term fertilisation trials persisted in a longer‐term study (12 years) in the treeline ecotone, and whether possible negative effects of nutrient addition offset the benefits of any growth stimulation.
Over the course of the 12 study years, NPK fertiliser corresponding to 15 or 30 kg N ha−1 a−1 was added annually to plots containing 30‐year‐old *Larix decidua* or 32‐year-old *Pinus uncinata* individuals with an understorey of mainly ericaceous dwarf shrubs. To quantify growth, annual shoot increments of trees and dwarf shrubs as well as radial growth increments of trees were measured. Nutrient concentrations in the soil were also measured and the foliar nutritional status of trees and dwarf shrubs was assessed.

 Experimental design

Over an elevation gradient of 140 m across the treeline afforestation site Stillberg, 22 locations were chosen that covered the whole range of microenvironmental conditions (*see* Nutrient addition experimental design.png). Half of the blocks included European larch (*L. decidua*) and the other half included mountain pine (*P. uncinata*). Within each block, three plantation quadrats were randomly selected as experimental plots and each plot was assigned to a control (no fertilisation) or to one of two fertiliser dose treatments (15 kg and 30 kg N ha−1 a−1). Treatments were assigned randomly but confined so that the location of fertilised plots within a block was not directly above control plots to avoid nutrient input from drainage. For details about the experiment, *see* Möhl et al (2019).

 Data description

The available datasets contain climate variables (2004-2016), nutrient isotope measurements (2010 & 2016), shrub growth measurements (2004-2016), soil parameter measurements and annual ring and shoot measurements (2004-2016). All data can be found here:
<https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Twelve_years_of_low_nutrient_input_stimulates_growth_of_trees_and_dwarf_shrubs_in_the_treeline_ecotone/7025858>

dwarf-shrubs

display_name: dwarf-shrubs

fertilization

display_name: fertilization

nitrogen-isotope

display_name: nitrogen-isotope

stillberg

display_name: stillberg

tree-rings

display_name: tree-rings

treeline

display_name: treeline

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Nutrient addition experiment at the Alpine treeline site Stillberg, Switzerland


en: drought potential-evapotranspiration megadrought chelsa extreme-events multi-year-drought precipitation

en: Multiyear meteorological droughts (MYMD) statistics - Description

en: Description of column names, and units of the fields contained in the dataset "Multiyear meteorological droughts (MYMD) statistics".

en: Statistics of the multiyear meteorological droughts, containing the ID, duration, area, and empirical ranking of the droughts.

en: Global annual layers of the multiyear meteorological droughts (MYMD) at a 1/24° (~5km) spatial resolution

en: Technical documentation document including the variable names, units, scaling, offset, and background.

en: Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)

en: Global monthly layers of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) a 30 arcsec (~1km) spatial resolution

en: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)

en: Global monthly layers of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) a 30 arcsec (~1km) spatial resolution

en:
The dataset consists of the standardized precipitation (SPI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) index with a 30 arcsec (~1km) horizontal resolution.
Data for precipitation rates (pr) and potential evapotranspiration (pet) are taken from CHELSA V2.1 (https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.228.v2.1). Both data sets are monthly time series from 1980 to 2018 at 30 arcsec. and have the unit of kg m-2 month-1. SPEI is a more reliable measure of drought than SPI as it additionally considers the effect of potential evapotranspiration. Potential evapotranspiration (pet) is the amount of water per area per time that can evaporate at the soil surface or be transpired by plants in absence of water supply limitations. SPEI effectively estimates for a given location how the climatic water balance, i.e., the difference between precipitation rate (pr) and potential evapotranspiration (pet), relates to the long-term mean. Here, pet was calculated with the Penman-Montheith approach, assuming surface conductance of a reference crop of 12 cm height following the definition of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), originating from CHELSA-BIOCLIM+ database (https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.332). To obtain global time series of SPEI, in each pixel the frequency distribution of water balance estimates (pr-pet) is approximated with a log-logistic probability distribution function. We calculate monthly SPEI using a 12-month memory and approximate the parameters of the log-logistic probability distribution based on the time series from 1980-2018. Such a 12-month time window is suitable to capture long-term drought events that are long enough to impose substantial impacts on agriculture, hydrology, and ecosystems while ones at shorter time scales would be more appropriate to detect short-term drought. For each month, SPEI is calculated considering the respective water-balance value and the values of the eleven preceding months. Here we use SPEI-12 in December to represent the overall water-balance condition of the respective year. The resulting SPEI data has a horizontal resolution of 130 arcsec (~1km). The calculation of SPI and SPEI is done in R with the package SPEI (https://www.doi.org/10.32614/CRAN.package.SPEI).

chelsa

display_name: chelsa

drought

display_name: drought

extreme-events

display_name: extreme-events

megadrought

display_name: megadrought

multi-year-drought

display_name: multi-year-drought

potential-evapotranspiration

display_name: potential-evapotranspiration

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: High resolution global standardized drought indices