envi

fr: Environnement

de: Umwelt

fr: etablissement-humain batiment climat vegetation trafic eaux-geographie ensemble-residentiel-urbain plan-doccupation-des-sols planification

de: siedlung gebaude klima vegetation verkehr gewasser stadtische-siedlung flachennutzungsplan planung

fr: Lien vers le téléchargement de données (Zip)

fr: Les CIP proposent une évaluation exhaustive des paramètres climatiques modélisés en vue du traitement de questions de planification. Une distinction est opérée entre la situation diurne et nocturne. Durant la journée, l'évaluation porte sur la qualité de séjour dans les espaces verts et urbains. Cette qualité dépendant surtout du rayonnement solaire, la situation est généralement meilleure dans les zones très arborisées. Durant la nuit, l'évaluation étudie la charge thermique dans les espaces urbains et l'exposition de ces derniers aux courants d'air froid générant une compensation climatique. La zone d'étude couverte par les CIP est subdivisée en espaces urbains soumis à des charges bioclimatiques (zone d'impact) et en espaces non bâtis recouverts de végétation et produisant de l'air froid (zones de compensation). Dans les cas où ces espaces ne se jouxtent pas directement mais que les processus d'échange d'air sont suffisamment marqués, des espaces ouverts linéaires et peu bâtis (couloirs d'air), notamment, peuvent les relier entre eux. Par ailleurs, des vents catabatiques balaient les reliefs bernois. La délimitation entre espaces protégés et défavorisés ainsi que les structures reliant ces espaces reflètent la complexité du système d'échange d'air induisant l'intrication entre zones de compensation et zones d'impact dans le canton de Berne. La CIP donne des indications sur la sensibilité d'un espace aux changements d'affectation ou au développement urbanistique dont découlent les exigences de planification et les mesures d'aménagement du territoire justifiées au plan climatique.

de: Die Planungshinweiskarten (PHK) stellen eine integrierende Bewertung der modellierten Klimaparameter im Hinblick auf planungsrelevante Belange dar. Dabei wird zwischen Tag- und Nachtsituation unterschieden. Am Tage wird die Aufenthaltsqualität in den Grün- und Siedlungsflächen bewertet. Diese wird vor allem über die Sonneneinstrahlung beeinflusst, so dass in Bereichen mit hohem Baumanteil meist auch eine günstige Situation vorliegt. In der Nachtsituation stehen dagegen die Wärmebelastung der Siedlungsflächen sowie die Versorgung mit klimatisch ausgleichenden Kaltluftströmungen im Vordergrund. Ausgangspunkt der PHK ist die Gliederung des Untersuchungsraumes in bioklimatisch belastete Siedlungsräume (Wirkungsraum) einerseits und Kaltluft produzierende, unbebaute und vegetationsgeprägte Flächen andererseits (Ausgleichsräume). Sofern diese Räume nicht unmittelbar aneinandergrenzen und die Luftaustauschprozesse stark genug ausgeprägt sind, können vor allem linear ausgerichtete, gering überbaute Freiflächen (Luftleitbahnen) beide miteinander verbinden. Darüber hinaus treten im Kantonsgebiet vor allem flächendeckende Hangabwinde auf. Aus der Abgrenzung von Gunst- und Ungunsträumen sowie der verbindenden Strukturen ergibt sich somit ein komplexes Bild vom Prozesssystem der Luftaustauschströmungen des Ausgleichsraum-Wirkungsraum-Gefüges innerhalb des Kantonsgebietes. Die Planhinweiskarte gibt Auskunft über die Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Nutzungsänderungen bzw. baulichen ENtwicklungen, aus denen sich klimatisch begründete Anforderungen und Massnahmen im Rahmen der räumlichen Planung ableiten lassen.

fr: Carte indicative de planification (CIP) relative au modèle climatique cantonal

de: Planungshinweiskarte zum kantonalen Klimamodell (PHK)


einschrankung-binnenschifffahrt

regi

fr: Régions et villes

de: Regionen und Städte

en: Regions and cities

it: Regioni e città

tran

fr: Transports

de: Verkehr

en: Transport

it: Trasporti

title_for_slug: einschrankung-binnenschifffahrt

label: geocat.ch permalink

state: active

type: dataset

de: Link zum Daten-Download (Zip)

format: ZIP

format: WFS

format: WMS

fr: La navigation est en principe autorisée sur les eaux publiques en Suisse. Ce principe est ancré dans la loi fédérale sur la navigation intérieure (LNI). Parallèlement, les eaux sont soumises aux cantons en ce qui concerne la navigation et ces derniers peuvent, pour des raisons importantes, restreindre ou interdire totalement la navigation. La signalisation des restrictions sur le terrain se fait généralement à l'aide de signaux de navigation définis par la Confédération. Le géoproduit montre les restrictions à la navigation intérieure décidées par le canton de Berne.

de: Auf den öffentlichen Gewässern in der Schweiz ist die Schifffahrt grundsätzlich erlaubt. Dieser Grundsatz ist im Bundesgesetz über die Binnenschifffahrt (BSG) verankert. Gleichzeitig unterstehen die Gewässer bezüglich der Schifffahrt den Kantonen, und diese dürfen bei wichtigen Gründen die Schifffahrt einschränken oder ganz untersagen. Die Signalisierung der Einschränkungen vor Ort erfolgt in der Regel mit Hilfe von Schifffahrtszeichen, die vom Bund festgelegt wurden. Das Geoprodukt zeigt die vom Kanton Bern verfügten Einschränkungen zur Binnenschifffahrt.

spatial: Kanton Bern (erweitert)

fr: Office de l'information géographique du canton de Berne

de: Amt für Geoinformation des Kantons Bern

fr: L'Office de la géoinformation est le centre de compétence pour l'information spatiale dans le canton de Berne. Les géodonnées cantonales peuvent être utilisées gratuitement, sous réserve des conditions d'utilisation. Le Géoportail du canton de Berne est le point d'entrée central pour les cartes interactives, les géodonnées et les géoservices de l'administration cantonale.

de: Das Amt für Geoinformation ist das Kompetenzzentrum für räumliche Informationen im Kanton Bern. Die kantonalen Geodaten sind unter Einhaltung der Nutzungsbedingungen kostenlos nutzbar. Das Geoportal des Kantons Bern ist der zentrale Einstiegspunkt für interaktive Karten, Geodaten und Geodienste der kantonalen Verwaltung.

political_level: canton

capacity: public

type: organization

approval_status: approved

value: Bern-Kt - Geocat Harvester

fr: Restriction de la navigation sur les eaux

de: Einschränkung Binnenschifffahrt


envi

en: Environment

it: Ambiente

fr: bassin-versant precipitation-atmospherique eaux-geographie eaux-souterraines tableau-des-valeurs

de: gewassereinzugsgebiet niederschlag gewasser grundwasser wertetabelle

fr: Le géoproduit 'Réseau cantonal de mesure hydrométrique' comprend les point de mesure cantonaux des eaux de surface, des eaux souterraines, des jauges de dotation pour les prélèvements d'eau et des mesures hydrométriques ponctuelles. Des points de mesure météorologique sont également prévus.

de: Das Geoprodukt 'kantonales hydrometrisches Messstellennetz' umfasst die kantonalen Messstellen der Oberflächengewässer, des Grundwassers, der Pegellatten für Dotierwassermengen bei Wasserentnahmen, sowie punktuell durchgeführte hydrometrische Messungen. Zusätzlich werden auch die meteorologischen Messstellen bereitgestellt.

spatial: Schweiz

fr: Réseau cantonal de mesure hydrométrique


geografische-uas-gebiete-der-schweiz

title_for_slug: geografische-uas-gebiete-der-schweiz

de: luftfahrt luftraum luftfahrzeug bgdi-bundesgeodaten-infrastruktur

label: Link zum Fachportal

fr: Map (Preview) Aperçu map.geo.admin.ch

de: Map (Preview) Vorschau map.geo.admin.ch

en: Map (Preview)  map.geo.admin.ch

it: Map (Preview) Previsione map.geo.admin.ch

fr: Aperçu map.geo.admin.ch

de: Vorschau map.geo.admin.ch

en: Preview map.geo.admin.ch

it: Previsione map.geo.admin.ch

format: SERVICE

fr: Service WMTS-IFDG, couche , Layer "Restrictions pour drones"

de: WMTS-BGDI Dienst, Layer "Einschränkungen für Drohnen"

en: WMTS-FSDI service, layer "Restrictions for drones"

it: Servizio WMTS-IFDG, strato "Restrizioni per droni"

format: WMTS

fr: Lien vers la distribution des données

de: Link für Datenbezug

en: Link for data download

it: Link per le fonti dei dati

format: HTML

fr: Lien vers le WMS

de: Link zum WMS

en: Link to WMS

it: Link verso WMS

fr: RESTful API de geo.admin.ch

de: RESTful API von geo.admin.ch

en: RESTful API from geo.admin.ch

it: RESTful API da geo.admin.ch

format: API

protocol: WWW:DOWNLOAD:OGC Geopackage (GPKG)

format: GPKG

protocol: WWW:DOWNLOAD:JSON (JSON)

format: JSON

protocol: WWW:DOWNLOAD:ESRI Shapefile

format: SHP

protocol: WWW:DOWNLOAD:INTERLIS 2 (XTF)

format: INTERLIS

protocol: WWW:DOWNLOAD:GeoJSON (GEOJSON)

fr: Une zone géographique UAS est une partie de l’espace aérien établie par l’autorité compétente qui facilite, restreint ou exclut les exploitations de systèmes d’aéronefs sans occupants (angl. UAS) afin de traiter les risques relatifs à la sécurité, à la sphère privée, à la protection des données à caractère personnel, à la sûreté ou à l’environnement, découlant des exploitations de systèmes d’aéronefs sans occupants. Conformément aux art. 27 et 28 de l'ordonnance du DETEC sur les aéronefs de catégories spéciales (OACS), il est interdit de faire voler des aéronefs sans occupants dans les zones géographiques UAS définies, sauf exception autorisée par les services compétents (art. 29 OACS). De même, l'art. 34 OACS confère aux cantons le pouvoir d'édicter des prescriptions applicables aux aéronefs sans occupants d’un poids allant jusqu’à 25 kg dans le but de réduire les atteintes à l'environnement et le danger auquel les personnes et les biens sont exposés au sol.

de: Ein geografisches UAS-Gebiet ist ein von der zuständigen Behörde festgelegter Teil des Luftraums, der den Betrieb unbemannter Luftfahrzeuge bzw. -systeme (engl. UAS für Unmanned Aircraft System) ermöglicht, einschränkt oder ausschließt, um den mit dem UAS-Betrieb verbundenen Risiken für die Sicherheit, den Schutz der Privatsphäre und personenbezogener Daten, die Sicherheitslage oder die Umwelt Rechnung zu tragen. Gemäss den Art. 27 und 28 der Verordnung des UVEK über Luftfahrzeuge besonderer Kategorien (VLK) ist der Betrieb von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen in den festgelegten UAS-Gebieten untersagt. Ausnahmen können von den zuständigen Stellen bewilligt werden (Art. 29 VLK). Ebenfalls können die Kantone gestützt auf Art. 34 VLK für unbemannte Luftfahrzeuge mit einem Gewicht von weniger als 25 kg Vorschriften zur Verminderung der Umweltbelastung und der Gefährdung von Personen und Sachen auf der Erde erlassen.

en: A UAS geographical zone is a portion of airspace designated by the competent authority in which the operation of unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) is permitted, restricted or forbidden in order to take account of the risks to safety, privacy and personal data protection, security or the environment that are associated with UAS operations. According to Articles 27 and 28 of the DETEC Ordinance on Special Category Aircraft (OSCA), the operation of unmanned aerial vehicles in the defined UAS areas is prohibited. Exceptions may be granted by the competent authorities (Art. 29 OSCA). Likewise, the cantons may, on the basis of Article 34 OSCA, issue regulations for unmanned aerial vehicles with a weight of less than 25kg to reduce the impact on to the environment and the risk to persons and property on the ground.

it: Una zona geografica unica dell'UAS è una porzione di spazio aereo stabilita dall'autorità competente che agevola, limita o esclude le operazioni di aeromobili o di sistemi senza occupanti (in inglese Unmanned Aircraft System, UAS), al fine di far fronte ai rischi connessi alla sicurezza, alla riservatezza, alla protezione dei dati personali, alla sicurezza o all'ambiente derivanti dalle operazioni UAS. In virtù degli articoli 27 e 28 dell'ordinanza del DATEC sulle categorie speciali di aeromobili (OACS), è proibito l'esercizio di aeromobili senza occupanti nelle zone UAS stabilite. I servizi competenti possono autorizzare eccezioni (art. 29 OACS). Inoltre, in virtù dell'articolo 34 OACS, per gli aeromobili senza occupanti di peso inferiore a 25 kg i Cantoni possono emanare prescrizioni per ridurre l'impatto ambientale e i rischi per persone e cose a terra.

bundesamt-fur-zivilluftfahrt-bazl

fr: Office fédéral de l'aviation civile OFAC

it: Ufficio federale dell’aviazione civile UFAC

fr: L’Office fédéral de l’aviation civile (OFAC) est l’organe compétent en matière de politique aéronautique et de surveillance de l'aviation civile suisse. Placé sous l’autorité du Département fédéral de l’environnement, des transports, de l’énergie et de la communication (DETEC), l’OFAC veille à ce que l’aviation civile suisse bénéficie d’un niveau de sécurité élevé et suive un développement durable.

de: Das Bundesamt für Zivilluftfahrt (BAZL) ist für die Luftfahrtentwicklung und die Aufsicht über die zivile Luftfahrt in der Schweiz zuständig. Das BAZL gehört zum Eidgenössischen Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation (UVEK) und ist dafür verantwortlich, dass die Zivilluftfahrt in der Schweiz ein hohes Sicherheitsniveau aufweist und eine nachhaltige Entwicklung verfolgt.

en: The Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA) is responsible for aviation development and the supervision of civil aviation activities in Switzerland. The FOCA is part of the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC) and is charged with ensuring that the high safety standards in civil aviation in Switzerland are maintained, and with pursuing a policy of sustainable development.

it: L’Ufficio federale dell’aviazione civile (UFAC), che fa parte del Dipartimento federale dell’ambiente, dei trasporti, dell’energia e delle comunicazioni (DATEC), è responsabile dell’evoluzione nel settore aeronautico e della sorveglianza sull’aviazione civile in Svizzera. Esso garantisce uno standard di sicurezza elevato e promuove il principio dello sviluppo sostenibile nell’aviazione civile elvetica.


regi

fr: Régions et villes

de: Regionen und Städte

envi

fr: Environnement

de: Umwelt

fr: Service WMTS-IFDG, couche , Layer "Ombre: Carte de distribution"

de: WMTS-BGDI Dienst, Layer "Äschen: Verbreitungsgebiet"

en: WMTS-FSDI service, layer "Grayling: distribution area"

it: Servizio WMTS-IFDG, strato "Temoli: aree di diffusione"

fr: Service WMS-IFDG, couche "Ombre: Carte de distribution"

de: WMS-BGDI Dienst, Layer "Äschen: Verbreitungsgebiet"

en: WMS-FSDI service, layer "Grayling: distribution area"

it: Servizio WMS-IFDG, strato "Temoli: aree di diffusione"

fr: Serveur de téléchargement de geo.admin.ch

de: Download Server von geo.admin.ch

en: Download server from geo.admin.ch

it: Server di download di geo.admin.ch

en: Link for download

fr: Les données sur les populations d’ombres d’importance nationale comprennent quatre sous-produits (distribution, zones principales, frayères, habitats larvaires). La couche « carte de distribution » con-tient les tronçons colonisés par 20 populations d’importance nationale. Les données de base sont tirées de l’Atlas de distribution des poissons et cyclostomes de Suisse (Pedroli et al. 1991) ou ont été fournies par les services de pêche cantonaux.

de: Der Datensatz zu den Äschenpopulationen von nationaler Bedeutung umfasst vier Teilprodukte (Verbreitungsgebiet, Kernzonen, Laichplätze, Larvenhabitate). Der Layer Verbreitungsgebiet enthält die Gewässerabschnitte 20 wichtiger Äschenpopulationen von nationaler Bedeutung. Die Grundlagendaten stammen aus dem Verbreitungsatlas der Fische und Rundmäuler der Schweiz (Pedroli et al. 1991), aus kantonalen Fangstatistiken sowie von Auskünften kantonaler Fischereiverwaltungen.

en: The data on grayling populations of national im-portance includes four subproducts; the distribution area layer includes the sections of watercourses with 20 major grayling populations of national importance. The core data come from the atlas of fish and cyclostome distribution in Switzerland (Pedroli et al. 1991), cantonal catch statistics and information from the cantonal management of fisheries.

it: I dati relativi alle popolazioni di temoli di importanza nazionale comprendono quattro prodotti parziali; l’ambito aree di diffusione contempla i tratti di corsi d’acqua in cui vivono 20 importanti popolazioni di temoli di importanza nazionale. I dati di base provengono dall’Atlante di diffusione dei pesci e dei ciclostomi della Svizzera (Pedroli et al. 1991), da statistiche cantonali delle catture e da informazioni fornite dai servizi cantonali della pesca.

bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu

fr: Office fédéral de l'environnement OFEV

de: Bundesamt für Umwelt BAFU

en: Federal Office for the Environment FOEN

it: Ufficio federale dell'ambiente UFAM

fr: L’autorité compétente pour les questions environnementales. Il est à ce titre chargé de gérer les ressources naturelles selon les principes du développement durable et de protéger l’homme contre les dangers naturels et l’environnement contre les pollutions.

de: Die Fachbehörde für die Umwelt. Es ist zuständig für die nachhaltige Nutzung der natürlichen Ressourcen sowie für den Schutz des Menschen vor Naturgefahren und den Schutz der Umwelt vor übermässigen Belastungen.

en: The federal environmental authority. It is responsible for ensuring that natural resources are used sustainably, that the public is protected against natural hazards, and that the environment is protected from unacceptable adverse impacts.

it: Il servizio specializzato in materia ambientale, è competente per quanto riguarda l'utilizzazione sostenibile delle risorse naturali, la protezione delle persone dai pericoli naturali e dell'ambiente da un inquinamento eccessivo.

political_level: confederation

value: BAFU - Geocat Harvester

fr: Populations d’ombres d’importance nationale: carte de distribution

de: Äschenpopulationen von nationaler Bedeutung: Verbreitungsgebiet

en: Grayling population of national importance: distribution area

it: Popolazioni di temoli di importanza nazionale: aree di diffusione


erdwarmenutzung-anlagen

educ

fr: Éducation, culture et sport

de: Bildung, Kultur und Sport

en: Education, culture and sport

it: Istruzione, cultura e sport

ener

fr: Énergie

de: Energie

en: Energy

it: Energia

regi

en: Regions and cities

it: Regioni e città

envi

en: Environment

it: Ambiente

title_for_slug: erdwarmenutzung-anlagen

de: energie erdwarme geologie gewasserschutz grundwasser ver--und-entsorgung

protocol: https

de: Datenshop

de: Produktansicht Geodatenshop

de: Übersicht der Standorte von Erdwärmenutzungsanlagen, welche Erdwärmesonden, Energiepfähle, Erdregister und Erdwärmekörbe zur Wärmegewinnung nutzen.

spatial: Kanton Luzern

fr: Géoinformation du canton de Lucerne

de: Geoinformation Kanton Luzern

en: Geoinformation Canton of Lucerne

it: Geoinformazione del Cantone di Lucerna

fr: La géoinformation du canton de Lucerne est responsable de la collecte, du traitement et de la gestion des données à référence spatiale. Elle dirige, coordonne et surveille les travaux de la géoinformation et de la mensuration officielle.

en: Geoinformation of the Canton of Lucerne is responsible for the collection, processing and management of spatial data. It manages, coordinates and monitors the work of geoinformation and of the cadastral surveying.

de: Die Geoinformation des Kantons Luzern ist für die Erhebung, Verarbeitung und Verwaltung von raumbezogenen Daten zuständig. Sie leitet, koordiniert und überwacht die Arbeiten der Geoinformation und der amtlichen Vermessung.

it: La Geoinformation del Cantone di Lucerna è responsabile della raccolta, dell'elaborazione e della gestione dei dati territoriali. Gestisce, coordina e monitora il lavoro della geoinformazione e della misurazione ufficiale.

value: LU-Kt - Geocat Harvester

de: Erdwärmenutzung: Anlagen


waldflachen

agri

fr: Agriculture, pêche, sylviculture et alimentation

de: Landwirtschaft, Fischerei, Forstwirtschaft und Nahrungsmittel

en: Agriculture, fisheries, forestry and food

it: Agricoltura, pesca, silvicoltura e prodotti alimentari

regi

de: Regionen und Städte

envi

de: Umwelt

title_for_slug: waldflachen

de: forstwirtschaft nutzungsplanung vegetation wald

de: Wald nach Waldrecht, dieser umfasst unter anderem auch Waldstrassen, Gewässer und Gebäude innerhalb des Waldes.

de: Waldflächen


soci

fr: Population et société

de: Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft

en: Population and society

it: Popolazione e società

de: eigentumsbeschrankungoreb gebaude-und-anlagen kulturdenkmal kulturguterschutz nutzungsplanung ortsbildschutz zonenplan

de: Im Bauinventar werden schützenswerte und erhaltenswerte Baudenkmäler des Kantons erfasst. Besonders schutzwürdige Kulturobjekte werden ins Kantonale Denkmalverzeichnis eingetragen und unter Schutz gestellt.

de: Kantonales Denkmalverzeichnis und Bauinventar


educ

de: Bildung, Kultur und Sport

ener

de: Energie

de: bewilligungen energie erdwarme geologie gewasserschutz grundwasser ver--und-entsorgung

de: Zeigt an welchen Orten der Einsatz von Erdwärmesonden zulässig ist und wo bereits Erdwärmenutzungsanlagen in Betrieb sind.

de: Erdwärmenutzung


maintainer: Statistisches Amt des Kantons Zürich, Data Shop

de: verkehrsunfaelle verkehr kantonzuerich

label: Vorbereiteter Code in R oder Python für jedes Dataset mit csv-Datei(en)

de: Unfälle [pro 1000 Einw.]

media_type: text/csv

format: CSV

mimetype: text/csv

de: Anzahl Unfälle pro 1000 Einwohner Total (mit Personen- und/oder Sachschaden)

kantonzuerich

display_name: kantonzuerich

verkehr

display_name: verkehr

verkehrsunfaelle

display_name: verkehrsunfaelle

statistisches-amt-kanton-zuerich

de: Statistisches Amt Kanton Zürich

de: Das Statistische Amt ist das Kompetenzzentrum für die öffentliche Statistik im Kanton Zürich. Wir versorgen Bevölkerung, Verwaltung, Politik, Gemeinden, Medien, Firmen und sonstige Organisationen mit qualitativ hochstehenden Daten, Informationen und Fakten zum Kanton Zürich. Inhaltlich arbeiten wir unabhängig und objektiv.

key: guid

key: uri

value: ZH-Kt Statistisches Amt - DCAT Harvester


en: high-resolution land-cover land-use snow-simulation oshd snow evapotranspiration forest-productivity clm5

media_type: application/zip

en: Forcing land surface datasets used for the CLM5 simulations at 1km, 0.25° and 0.5° resolution. For the 1km resolution both the standard global (LU_Gl) and the high-resolution dataset (LU_HR) are provided.

en:
12 gridded CLM5 simulations over the spatial extent of Switzerland:
- 1km, 0.25deg, 0.5deg
- 3 different meteorological forcings (Clim_CRU, CLIM_CRU*, CLIM_OSHD)
- 2 different land use forcings
each with the following outputs:
- daily snow depth (file SNOW_DEPTH.nc)
- monthly summed gross primary production (file FPSN_MONTH_SUM.nc)
- monthly summed evapotranspiration (file QFLX_EVAP_TOT_MONTH_SUM.nc).
Temporal extent of all simulations: 01/01/2015 - 31/12/2020.

en: Point-scale CLM5 simulation output of snow depth and snow water equivalent for 9 different simulation scenarios, each performed at 36 snow station locations across Switzerland. Please have a look at table A1 in the appendix of the linked publication for coordinates of the stations. Additional information on the setup, and the differences between simulation setups can also be found in the linked publication.

en:
This dataset contains Community Land Model 5 (CLM5) simulation output over the spatial extent of Switzerland at different resolutions and based on a range of input datasets. It further contains land-use surface data used for the CLM5-simulations.

**Detailed description of the CLM5 simulation setup and the various input datasets can be found in the accompanying publication: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1832.**

 CLM5 simulation output

This dataset includes gridded CLM5 simulations of snow depth, gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration at different resolutions ( 1km, 0.25° and 0.5°) and based on a range of input datasets over the spatial extent of Switzerland (see folder *gridded_CLM5_simulations*). Additionally, point-scale CLM5 simulations of snow depth and snow-water-equivalent at 36 snow-station locations (see folder *point_scale_CLM5_simulations*) are included. Latitude, longitude and elevation for these station locations can be found in table A1 of the above-mentioned publication. All simulation output spans from 01/01/2015 - 31/12/2019.

Included CLM5 simulation results are based on 3 different meteorological forcing datasets:
* Clim_CRU: standard global dataset, we used the recent state-of-the-art standrd global dataset CRU-JRA (https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/aed8e269513f446fb1b5d2512bb387ad)

* Clim_CRU*: ClimCRU upraded by downscaling temperature data using a temperature lapse rate of -6.5K/1000m and a high-resolution DEM

* Clim_OSHD: highest level of detail, meteorological forcing generated according to methods developed by the Operational Snow Hydrological Service (OSHD), at 1km spatial and 1hour temporal resolution</li>

 Land-use surface data

This dataset further includes forcing land surface datasets used for the CLM5 simulations at 1km, 0.25° and 0.5° resolution (see folder *surface_landuse_datasets*). For the 1km resolution both the standard global (LU_Gl) and the high-resolution dataset (LU_HR), which includes a higher level of detail and is based on a more up-to-date land use datase, are provided. More details on these two datasets can be found in the above-mentioned publication.

evapotranspiration

display_name: evapotranspiration

forest-productivity

display_name: forest-productivity

high-resolution

display_name: high-resolution

land-cover

display_name: land-cover

land-use

display_name: land-use

oshd

display_name: oshd

snow

display_name: snow

snow-simulation

display_name: snow-simulation

envidat

fr: EnviDat: le portail de données environnementales

de: EnviDat: das Umwelt-Datenportal

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

it: EnviDat: il portale dei dati ambientali

fr: EnviDat est le portail de données du WSL; il offre un accès uniformisé et réglementé aux données de surveillance et de recherche en matière d’environnement. Ce portail est capable d’héberger et de publier des ensembles de données précieuses et uniques, qui sont partagées aux quatre coins de la planète. Ce faisant, EnviDat favorise la recherche et contribue à l’avancement des sciences environnementales.

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

de: EnviDat ist das Datenportal der WSL für einen einheitlichen und verwalteten Zugang zu Umweltdaten aus Monitoring- und Forschungsprojekten. Auf dem Portal können Datensätze gehostet und veröffentlicht werden. Durch die weltweite Bereitstellung einzigartiger und wertvoller Datensätze leistet EnviDat einen Beitrag zur Forschung im Bereich der Umweltwissenschaften.

it: EnviDat è il portale dati del WSL che fornisce un accesso unificato e gestito ai dati di monitoraggio ambientale e di ricerca. Il portale ha la capacità di ospitare e pubblicare serie di dati preziosi e unici che vengono condivisi in tutto il mondo. Così facendo, EnviDat promuove la ricerca e contribuisce al progresso della scienza ambientale.

political_level: other

value: Envidat Harvester

en: Multi-resolution CLM5 simulations across Switzerland


data-analysis-toolkits

maintainer: EnviDat Support

title_for_slug: data-analysis-toolkits

en: hypothesis-testing error-propagation bayesian-inference statistics data-analysis uncertainty

en: Toolkit 3: tools for transforming data

media_type: application/pdf

en: The ladder of powers and a few other cool transformations

format: PDF

mimetype: application/pdf

en: Toolkit 7: hypothesis testing, significance, and power

en: An overview of basic concepts -- and common pitfalls -- in statistical hypothesis testing, statistical significance, and power analysis

en: Toolkit 9: Experimentwise error rates and statistical fishing expeditions

en: Statistical fishing expeditions, and how to avoid being misled by them

en: Toolkit 12: weighted averages and their uncertainties

en: There are two different ways to calculate the uncertainty of a weighted average. Software packages often don't tell you which one they are reporting, and the resulting errors can be huge.

en: toolkit 6: averaging in nonlinear functions

en: The average of a nonlinear function will not equal the function evaluated at its average inputs (the mean of the function will differ from from the function of the mean). This toolkit shows how to estimate that averaging bias.

en: Toolkit 10: linear regression

en: An overview of the math, logic, and pitfalls of ordinary least-squares linear regression

en: Toolkit 5: uncertainty analysis and error propagation

en: Gaussian error propagation, monte carlo methods, and first-order, second-moment error propagation

en: Toolkit 2: quantifying data distributions using descriptive statistics

en: Toolkit 11: serial correlation

en: Tools for detecting and correcting for serial correlation in analyses of time series

en: Toolkit 8: Hodges-Lehmann estimators

en: A quick introduction to Hodges-Lehmann estimators (nonparametric measures of effect size)

en: Toolkit 1: graphically displaying data distributions

en: Toolkit 4: confidence intervals

en:
These are condensed notes covering selected key points in data analysis and statistics. They were developed by James Kirchner for the course "Analysis of Environmental Data" at Berkeley in the 1990's and 2000's. They are not intended to be comprehensive, and thus are not a substitute for a good textbook or a good education!

License: These notes are released by James Kirchner under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license.

bayesian-inference

display_name: bayesian-inference

data-analysis

display_name: data-analysis

error-propagation

display_name: error-propagation

hypothesis-testing

display_name: hypothesis-testing

statistics

display_name: statistics

uncertainty

display_name: uncertainty

en: Data analysis toolkits


maintainer: Athanasios Nenes

en: wolfgangpass cloud-modeling sigma-w supersaturation raclets cloud-droplets

en: Predicted cloud droplet numbers (kappa=0.1) Davos Wolfgang

en:
In-situ measurements of aerosol size distributions along with updraft velocities collected from a wind Doppler Lidar are coupled with a state-of-the art droplet activation parameterization (Morales and Nenes, 2014) to determine the cloud droplet number and maximum in-cloud supersaturation that can potentially form over the Davos Wolfgang station between February 24 and March 8 2019. For this, as a sensitivity test, a hygroscopicity parameter of 0.1 is assumed, which is the lower limit determined from the analysis carried out for Weissfluhjoch (https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/ccn-hygroscopicity-predicted-cloud-droplet-numbers-weissfluhjoch). The data file contains:

* Date and time (DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm:ss) in UTC
* The wind-lidar derived standard deviation of updraft velocities (sigma-w) in m/s, used to apply the parameterization employing a single characteristic velocity (Morales and Nenes, 2010)
* The maximum predicted cloud parcel supersaturation (Smax%)
* The total in-situ aerosol number concentration (Naer) in cmˉ³, measured by the SMPS
* The predicted cloud droplet numbers (Nd) in cmˉ³
* The activation fraction (%)

en: Predicted cloud droplet numbers (kappa=0.25) Weissfluhjoch

en:
In-situ measurements of aerosol size distributions along with updraft velocities collected from a wind Doppler Lidar are coupled with a state-of-the art droplet activation parameterization (Morales and Nenes, 2014) to determine the cloud droplet number and maximum in-cloud supersaturation that can potentially form over the Davos Wolfgang station between February 24 and March 8 2019. For this, as a sensitivity test, a hygroscopicity parameter of 0.25 is assumed, which is the upper limit determined from the analysis carried out for Weissfluhjoch (https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/ccn-hygroscopicity-predicted-cloud-droplet-numbers-weissfluhjoch). The data file contains:

* Date and time (DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm:ss) in UTC
* The wind-lidar derived standard deviation of updraft velocities (sigma-w) in m/s, used to apply the parameterization employing a single characteristic velocity (Morales and Nenes, 2010)
* The maximum predicted cloud parcel supersaturation (Smax%)
* The total in-situ aerosol number concentration (Naer) in cmˉ³, measured by the SMPS
* The predicted cloud droplet numbers (Nd) in cmˉ³
* The activation fraction (%)

en: Cloud droplet properties were predicted between February 24 and March 8 2019 for the measurement site Davos Wolfgang (1630 m a.s.l., LON: 9.853594, LAT: 46.835577). Droplet calculations are carried out with the physically based aerosol activation parameterization of Morales and Nenes (2014), employing the “characteristic velocity” approach of Morales and Nenes (2010). Aerosol size distribution observations required to predict the cloud droplet numbers and maximum in-cloud supersaturation are obtained from a Scanning Mobility Particle Size Spectrometer (SMPS) instrument deployed at Davos Wolfgang (https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/aerosol-data-davos-wolfgang). The required vertical velocity measurements are derived from the wind Doppler Lidar (https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/lidar-wind-profiler-data) deployed at the same station and are extracted from the first bin of the instrument, being 200 m above ground level. The hygroscopic properties of the particles measured at Davos Wolfgang could not be estimated, owing to a lack of concurrent CCN measurements. As a sensitivity test, droplet calculations are performed assuming two different values of the aerosol hygroscopicity parameter, 0.1 and 0.25, based on the analysis carried out for Weissfluhjoch. Additional information can be found in Section 2.3 [here](https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/acp-2020-1036/).

cloud-droplets

display_name: cloud-droplets

cloud-modeling

display_name: cloud-modeling

raclets

display_name: raclets

sigma-w

display_name: sigma-w

supersaturation

display_name: supersaturation

wolfgangpass

display_name: wolfgangpass

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Predicted cloud droplet numbers Davos Wolfgang


en: antarctica snow arctic ice sea-salt-aerosol

en: Fig 1B_2

media_type: text/plain

en: Individual data to mean shown in Figure 1B

format: TXT

mimetype: text/plain

en: Read Me

en: Description of the data tables

en: Fig 1D

en: Data to Figure 1D

en: Fig 1E

en: Data to Figure 1E

en: Code

en: Matlab code to read and plot the data

en: Fig 1B

en: Data in Figure 1B

en: Fib 1B_3

en: Fig 1F_2

en: Individual data to mean shown in Figure 1F

en: Fig 1F_1

en: Fig 1A

en: Data Figure 1A

en: Fig 1F

en: Data to Figure 1F

en: Fig 1B_1

en: Fig 1C

en: Data to Figure 1C

en: This table lists all NEXAFS data files in chronological order with PE carbon to oxygen signal intensity ratios -from which the atomic ratio were calculated in the paper - before ("preCtoO") and after ("postCtoO") each NEXAFS measurement. Also listed is the change in Na ("lossSodi"), O ("lossOxy"), Cl ("lossChlor"), and C ("lossCarb") signal intensity after the NEXAFS measurement compared to prior to the NEXAFS measurement.

en: This table lists all data files in chronological order. "SampleTemp" refers to the reading of the PT-1000 at the side of the sample holder. "cellPressure" is the water vapour pressure during the measurements. From this, in presence of ice, the temperature of the ice sample can be calculated which is given in the column "iceTemp". "dT" is the difference, or temperature offset, between sensor's reading and the ice samples temperature. The offset is due to the sensor being mounted away from the cooled spot of the sample were it experiences heating from warmer parts of the sample holder. The off-set is used to calibrate the temperature sensor and the resulting temperature during the experiments is given in the column "temperature". "relHum" is the relative humidity above (supercooled) liquid and "concBrine" is the concentration of a NaCl solution in mol/l in equilibrium with ice at the experimental temperature. "Area" is the integrated PE signal.

en: Laboratory experiments are presented on the phase change at the surface of sodium chloride – water mixtures at temperatures between 259 K and 240 K. High selectivity to the upper few nanometres of the frozen solution – air interface is achieved by using electron yield near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. We present the NEXAFS spectrum of the hydrohalite.

en: Data set on interfacial supercooling and the precipitation of hydrohalite in frozen NaCl solutions by X-ray absorption spectroscopy


en: snow-hydrology fsm2 dischma fsm2trans hicar snowpack

en: Input data November 2016 HICAR 50m resolution

en: input data january 2016 COSD

en:
time series of daily averages of the whole domain for each simulation run
- rainfall
- snowfall
- runoff
- snowmelt
- temperature

en: Input data April 2017 HICAR 100m resolution

en: Input data December 2016 HICAR 50m resolution

en: Input data May 2017 COSD

en: Input data February 2017 COSD

en: input data october 2016 COSD

en: Input data March 2017 HICAR 250m resolution

en: Input data June 2017 HICAR 250m resolution

en: Input data July 2017 HICAR 50m resolution

en: Input data March 2017 HICAR 100m resolution

en: Input data May 2017 HICAR 100m resolution

en: Input data october 2016 HICAR 50m resolution

en: Input data May 2017 HICAR 50m resolution

en: Input data november 2016 HICAR 100m resolution

en: Input data March 2017 COSD

en: Input data February 2017 HICAR 100m resolution

en: Input data June 2017 COSD

en: Input data April 2017 HICAR 250m resolution

en: Input data December 2016 HICAR 100m resolution

en: input data november 2016 COSD

en: Input data December 2016 HICAR 250m resolution

en: Input data April 2017 COSD

en: Input data January 2017 HICAR 250m resolution

en: Input data October 2016 HICAR 250m resolution

en: Input data January 2017 HICAR 100m resolution

en: Input data July 2017 HICAR 250m resolution

en:
snowheight output of validation days (LiDAR days) for all simulation runs
- 20.03.2027
- 31.03.2017
- 17.05.2017

en: Input data February 2017 HICAR 50m resolution

en: Input data January 2017 HICAR 50m resolution

en: Input data June 2017 HICAR 100m resolution

en: Input data october 2016 HICAR 100m resolution

en: Available input files for running with FSM2trans

en: Input data March 2017 HICAR 50m resolution

en: Input data April 2017 HICAR 50m resolution

en: Input data July 2017 HICAR 100m resolution

en: Input data May 2017 HICAR 250m resolution

en: Input data June 2017 HICAR 50m resolution

en: Input data February 2017 HICAR 250m resolution

en: Input data November 2016 HICAR 250m resolution

en:
 DESCRIPTION
The dataset is used to run snowpack simulations with various forcing data at different resolutions with the Flexible Snow Model (FSM2oshd). A dynamical downscaling model (HICAR) and a semi-statistical downscaling approach (COSD) are used to downscale COSMO data to resolutions of 250 m, 100 m and 50 m. Simulations are run with the operational snow cover model and a model extension including wind- and gravity-induced snow redistribution (FSM2trans).
 Input Data
This paragraph describes the input data used to run simulations with FSM2trans
 HICAR
The HICAR input data is created by the High-resolution Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research model. The input data is available for different resolutions (250m, 100m and 50m) for a domain covering complex terrain in the Swiss Alps (Dischma)
 COSD
The COSD data was statistically downscaled within the OSHD framework to different resolutions (250m, 100m, 50m) for a domain covering complex terrain in the Swiss Alps (Dischma)
 Simulation files
For the Simulations, a landuse file and a namelist file with the parametrizations need to be supplied to the model
 simulation output
This simulation output that is used for the analysis of the study is provided.

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: FSM2trans snowpack simulations with HICAR input


maintainer: Irmi Seidl

en: community-energy switzerland energy-cooperatives renewable-energy cooperatives

en: Codebook

en: Description of variable attributes and valid n

en: Raw date (SPSS)

en: Raw data in sav. format (SPSS). For comprehension of the data and variable structure, please consult the modified questionnaire with variable names.

en: Raw data (.csv)

en: Raw data in csv. format. For comprehension of the data and variable structure, please consult the codebook and the modified questionnaire with variable names.

en: Questionnaire with variable names

en: Modified questionnaire with variable names for each item. Should be used together with the data files (.csv or .sav) to reconstruct the data and variable structures.

en:
 Topic of Survey
The data at hand on energy cooperatives in Switzerland were collected in 2016 as part of the project "Collective financing of renewable energy projects in Switzerland and Germany" of the National Research Programme 71 "Managing Energy Consumption". The cooperatives were surveyed on their organizational structure, their activities in electricity and heat generation, their finances, the political context and their assessments of the future.

 Survey Method
The survey was targeted at all energy cooperatives in Switzerland (this is the basic population). The Swiss Commercial Register was searched for cooperatives and specific keywords in order to determine this basic population and collect addresses. This search in May 2016 resulted in a total of 304 energy cooperatives, to which a questionnaire was sent in July 2016. A pre-test with 8 persons had been carried out before the questionnaire was sent out. The questionnaire was provided in German and French. It was sent by mail and an attached letter referred to a link for the digital version if preferred. The online version was designed with the software "Sawtooth". After three weeks, a first, and after six weeks a second reminder letter was sent to those cooperatives that had not yet completed the questionnaire. The returned hardcopy questionnaires were manually entered into the database and then combined with the electronic data from the online survey. In the course of the survey, the total population was reduced from 304 to 289: in 4 cases the survey was not deliverable, 4 cooperatives had dissolved, 6 were not actually energy cooperatives, 1 case had recently changed its legal form. With a response rate of 47%, the final data set comprises 136 responses (from 77 digital and 59 hardcopy questionnaires). However, not all 136 of the returned questionnaires were filled out completely. We checked for answers that seemed contradictory or incomprehensible. If an error could be clearly identified and the correct answer derived, the answer was adjusted, otherwise the answer was replaced by "missing data".

 Anonymization
Participating cooperatives have been assured that their information will be kept confidential and will only be made public anonymously. For this reason, the data have been anonymized in in order to prevent any identification of individual cooperatives.

 How to Use the Data
* The data are available in CSV and SPSS (sav.) format.
* A codebook and a modified version of the used questionnaire are provided to illustrate the data and variable structure. In the questionnaire, the variable names are assigned to the corresponding questions. In the codebook, further information on these variables (valid n, answer categories) can be found. This information (of the codebook) is already integrated in the SPSS file.

 Current Embargo on Data
These data are currently under embargo and will only be released when the project is completed (not before 2020).

#Additional Information
* The used questionnaire is provided in German and French.
* Descriptive results of the survey were published in a WSL report: https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl:18943

community-energy

display_name: community-energy

cooperatives

display_name: cooperatives

energy-cooperatives

display_name: energy-cooperatives

renewable-energy

display_name: renewable-energy

switzerland

display_name: switzerland

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Energy Cooperatives in Switzerland: Survey Results // Energiegenossenschaften in der Schweiz: Befragungsergebnisse


en: biomass-dynamics climate-change treeline-ecosystems plant-traits soil-nutrients plant-community

en: Data on soils, tree biomass, plant nutrients, rock mineralogy, climate of treeline ecosystems in Khibiny mountains, Kola Penninsula, Russia

format: XLS

en: Data on soil nutrients and charcteristics, tree and understory biomass, foliage nutrients, mineralogy, soil temperature and moisture along an elevation gradient from boreal forest to mountain tundra in teh Khibiny mountains (Kola Penninsula, Russia). Samples were taken along two gradients at 7 elevation level either under tree canopy (tree) and in open areas (open).

biomass-dynamics

display_name: biomass-dynamics

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

plant-community

display_name: plant-community

plant-traits

display_name: plant-traits

soil-nutrients

display_name: soil-nutrients

treeline-ecosystems

display_name: treeline-ecosystems


maintainer: Océane Hames

en: arctic-sea-ice mosaic snow-transport antarctica snow-deposition openfoam

en:
OpenFOAM-2.3.0. scripts containing the implemented Eulerian-Lagrangian snow transport model.

The code file provided here is not updated. The most recent version of the script can be found on the WSL/SLF GitLab repository: https://gitlabext.wsl.ch/atmospheric-models/snowbedfoam-v1-0.git

en:
OpenFOAM-5.0 scripts containing the implemented Eulerian-Lagrangian snow transport model.
The code file provided here is not updated. The most recent version of the script can be found on the WSL/SLF GitLab repository: https://gitlabext.wsl.ch/atmospheric-models/snowbedfoam-v1-0.git

en: Snowdrift measurements around Neumayer Station III

en: Files containing the topographical data barometrically measured in June 2009 around the German Antarctic Research station Neumayer III. Those measurements are compared to the snowBedFoam simulations to assess the ability of the model to reproduce real snow distribution observations.

en: Neumayer III simulations

en:
Snow distribution results around Neumayer Station III obtained for the sensitivity analysis and comparison to measurements. The file contains several sub-folders, namely:
-COMP: simulation output for the comparison to measurements;
-FLOW: simulation output for the study of wind forcing impact;
-simulation_exampleCase: example case of a snowBedFoam simulation with the reference Neumayer Station mesh;
-SNOW: simulation output for the study of snow properties impact;
-STRUCT: simulation output for the study of structure properties impact.

en: MOSAiC Met City preliminary (Level 2) wind data

en:
Extract from the preliminary MOSAiC atmospheric data (Level 2) for the time period 6th to 13th of November, 2019.
This data was used to set up the fluid forcing parameters in the snowBedFoam simulations on MOSAiC sea ice. It is being published in this repository with the kind permission from Matthew Shupe and his team.
The final processed and quality controlled version of this dataset (Level 3) has not been published yet. A complete reference will be added in this description once it is released.

en: Paper Draft

en: This is the initial draft of the paper where the snowBedFoam 1.0. results are tested against Terrestrial Laser Scan (TLS) measurements of snow dynamics on Arctic sea ice (MOSAiC expedition). It highlights the numerical limitations of our model as well as the measurement uncertainties, which may occur in such extreme environments.

en:
snowBedFoam 1.0. is a snow transport solver implemented in the computational fluid dynamics software OpenFOAM. It is adapted from the standard multi-phase flow solver DPMFoam for application in snow-influenced environments.
To simulate aeolian snow transport, snowBedFoam 1.0. handles coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian phases, which involve a finite number of particles (snow) spread in a continuous phase (air). The snow erosion and deposition are modelled through physics-based equations similar to the ones employed in the well-established LES-Lagrangian Stochastic Model (Comola and Lehning, 2017 ; Sharma et al., 2018 ; Melo et al., 2022). This modelling approach is computationally intensive and thus adapted to simulate snow movement and distribution on small scale terrain.
First, snowBedFoam 1.0. was applied to topographical data collected on Arctic sea ice during the MOSAiC expedition (Clemens-Sewall, 2021). Together with atmospheric data from the MOSAiC Met City (Shupe et al., 2021) used for the fluid forcing, the model was able to accurately simulate the zones of erosion and deposition of snow along a complex ice ridge structure (Hames et al., 2022).
Second, snowBedFoam 1.0. was used to simulate the snow distribution around the German Antarctic research station Neumayer Station III. The effect of snow properties, fluid forcing and aerodynamic structures on the snow accumulation were assessed.
snowBedFoam 1.0 was implemented in 2 different OpenFOAM versions, namely OpenFOAM-2.3.0 and OpenFOAM-5.0. The latter offers more options for turbulence models and boundary conditions. The fundamental model equations were not changed from one implementation to the other, thus both still correspond to snowBedFoam 1.0. The two branches are called snowBedFoam-v1-2.3.0 (OpenFOAM-2.3.0) and snowBedFoam-v1-5.0 (OpenFOAM-5.0). The core codes of snowBedFoam 1.0. are directly accessible on the WSL/SLF GitLab repository (more details in the Resources section).

antarctica

display_name: antarctica

arctic-sea-ice

display_name: arctic-sea-ice

mosaic

display_name: mosaic

openfoam

display_name: openfoam

snow-deposition

display_name: snow-deposition

snow-transport

display_name: snow-transport

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: snowBedFoam: an OpenFOAM Eulerian-Lagrangian solver for modelling snow transport


en: collections extreme-habitat glaciers active-layer bacteria fungi biodiversity swiss-alps arctic conservation permafrost biobank plastisphere

en: Complete collection of bacterial and fungal isolates from Permafrost, active layer and glaciers in Switzerland, Svalbard, northern Greenland and Russia.

en:
The cold habitats of the Swiss Alps and the Arctic are undergoing change and are at risk of disappearing completely or partially in the future. Along with them, a poorly known diversity of microorganisms that have adapted to life in these supposedly hostile places. By cryopreserving microorganisms from these habitats, some of today's biodiversity can be preserved in biobanks.
The collection contains cryopreserved bacteria and fungi isolated from permafrost and active layer of Muot da Barba Peider and Val Lavirun, from the glacier forefield and glacier toe of the Damma glacier, from active layer in northern Greenland and from plastic waste in Svalbard, as well as isolates from plastic incubations in Muot da Barba Peider, northern Greenland and arctic Russian soils.
Project overview: https://www.wsl.ch/en/projects/life-at-chilly-temperatures-a-collection-of-microorganisms-from-extreme-habitats/

active-layer

display_name: active-layer

arctic

display_name: arctic

bacteria

display_name: bacteria

biobank

display_name: biobank

biodiversity

display_name: biodiversity

collections

display_name: collections

conservation

display_name: conservation

extreme-habitat

display_name: extreme-habitat

fungi

display_name: fungi

glaciers

display_name: glaciers

permafrost

display_name: permafrost

plastisphere

display_name: plastisphere

swiss-alps

display_name: swiss-alps

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Life at chilly temperatures - A collection of microorganisms from extreme habitats


mountain-permafrost-hydrology

maintainer: Jeannette Noetzli

title_for_slug: mountain-permafrost-hydrology

en: ice-rich-permafrost permafrost-degradation climate-change-impacts mass-movements mountain-permafrost-hydrology monitoring-techniques

en: DORA Persistent URL

en: Synthesis report chapter of the Hydro-CH2018 project of the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)

en: This report was prepared as one of the synthesis report chapters of the Hydro-CH2018 project of the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN). In earlier reports such as the CH2014-IMPACTS report (CH-Impacts 2014), the topic of mountain permafrost hydrology was not addressed. Here, we provide a baseline of the available knowledge of mountain permafrost in the Swiss Alps for future reference. We compile an overview of the current understanding of mountain permafrost in the Swiss Alps, its distribution and characteristics, observed and projected changes, and expected impacts on slope stability, infrastructure and hydrological aspects. We also briefly describe the measurement techniques and modelling approaches applied. The chapter closes with a summary of the most important open research questions. The literature cited mainly includes studies on mountain permafrost published in scientific journals and assessments of long-term observation data. We focus on permafrost hydrology interactions wherever information is available. However, systematic studies on permafrost hydrology in mountain areas are still limited.

climate-change-impacts

display_name: climate-change-impacts

ice-rich-permafrost

display_name: ice-rich-permafrost

mass-movements

display_name: mass-movements

monitoring-techniques

display_name: monitoring-techniques

mountain-permafrost-hydrology

display_name: mountain-permafrost-hydrology

permafrost-degradation

display_name: permafrost-degradation

en: Mountain Permafrost Hydrology


maintainer: Tobias Wechsler

en: integral-water-management hydropower ecosystem-protection gis decision-making

en: Indicators

en: The indicators capture supporting ecosystem functions.

en:
 A spatial dataset and tool to simultaneously assess hydropower potential and ecological potential of the Swiss river network (Version 2016)

 Introduction
The steadily growing demand for energy and the simultaneous pursuit of decarbonisation are increasing interest in the expansion of renewable energies worldwide. In Switzerland, various funding projects have been launched to promote technologies in the field of renewable energies and their application as quickly as possible. With the introduction of a funding instrument in 2009, the number of projects submitted to produce renewable energies increased rapidly. The applications for small hydropower plants (≤ 10 MW) were correspondingly numerous. However, the assessment of the environmental impact and its comparison with hydropower importance is still not standardized.
To provide a basis for decision-making, a methodology was developed to determine the overall hydropower potential of a region. A detailed assessment of each river reach, and the systematic and holistic assessment of small hydropower projects at a regional scale are combined here. The assessment of a river reach is conducted at the river space (i.e., the river and adjacent areas) and at the surrounding landscape level. The HYDROpot_integral methodology was developed as part of Carol Hemund's dissertation (2012) at the University of Bern. It allows the evaluation of river reaches holistically, regarding ecological, social, economic and cultural criteria. As a second part of the overall project, the theoretical hydropower (or hydraulic) potential was calculated for the entire river network, which complemnets the spatial assessment. In particular, it is possible to classify river reaches into those that are more suitable for hydropower production (=”use”) and those that are more suitable for protection.

 Material and method
The HYDROpot_Integral method was developed and tested on the basis of cantonal and national data (Hirschi et al. 2013). The method relies on 73 geodata sets. This holistic assessment is the key element of the entire assessment procedure. Its aim is to quantify the importance of the ecosystem functions in terms of services. The river network (GWN07) is divided into reaches of about 450m and for each reach two study units are defined. The river space (RS) records the ecosystem functions of the water body and the nearby riparian area. The length of the RS is 315 m on average in Switzerland and a maximum of 450 m, whereas the width is based on the FOEN definition (BWG 2001: 18f) and varies between 7-107 m. The surrounding landscape (SLS) is the second survey unit that records the ecosystem functions of the surrounding area over a range of 21 m to 321 m. The SLS is calculated over three times the RS width. The length of the SLS is identical to the length of the RS. The ecosystem functions are divided into three types: regulating (service A), cultural (service B) and provisioning (service C) functions. Accordingly, the assessment of the functions is divided into three parts and three values are assigned to each river reach. The more functions there are and the greater their performance, the higher these values are and the more important the corresponding functions are. Hence, these values quantify the importance of the ecosystem functions and the ecological, cultural and economic ecosystem services of each river reach. The concatenation of ecosystem services results in a value (ABC) that can occur in 125 different versions due to the chosen five-level value scale; i.e. each digit of the three-digit number sequence can be assigned a value between 1 and 5. Each of the 125 combinations, and thus each river reach, has its own characteristics determined by the assessments of the three function types. To record the suitability, the combinations are ranked according to their ecological, cultural and economic ecosystem services. These rules mean that the combination that is most suitable for hydropower production at minimum cost in terms of ecological and cultural ecosystem services and has a high economic potential is ranked first; rank 125 indicates the highest ecological and cultural ecosystem services and the lowest economic services and is therefore most suitable for protection. A river reach that is excluded from hydropower use due to legislation, a so-called priority reach, is given rank 126 from the outset and specially marked. A more detailed description of the methods can be found in Hirschi et al. 2013 [Link]. The dataset presented here presents the latest state of the HYDROpot_integral methodology applied at the national level. Only national data that is easily accessible was used in the preparation of the dataset. The cantonal data, such as renaturation and revitalization, would have to be requested by each canton individually and was excluded here. The nationwide value synthesis was made with R.
A list of data sources can be found here [link to text file]
A list of all parameters can be downloaded here [link to PDF and text files]

 Dataset description
Data is presented as a single shapefile. It contains the river network and all assessment results obtained with HYDROpot_Integral.

 Changes in the methodology compared to the original method (Hirschi et. al 2013)

 * RS_A11 Ecomorphology: recorded for the whole of Switzerland and zero values equated with NA;
individual cantons such as Zug and St. Gallen have no mapped values according to the modular
concept of the federal government, Valais and Graubünden only the main valleys, Ticino and Fribourg not
completely (BAFU 2009).
 * RS_A14 Renaturation and revitalization data: not centrally available at the time of data collection.
centrally available, therefore values in GR were equated with NA.
 * RS_A15 Dilution ratio at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for discharges: Zero values
equal to NA.
 * RS_A20 Water flow: use WASTA (2013) with hydroelectric power plants (> 300 kW) under
Federal control and dams serving hydroelectricity (Dam, as of 2013).
 * RS_C05 Synoptic hazard maps: are cantonally managed at the time of data collection,
Values in GR are marked with a 5 so that the systematics in the decision tree is not affected.
is affected.
 * Water quality (RS_A15, RS_A16, RS_A17, RS_A18, RS_A19): for the evaluation of the function type.
A Nature, it is important whether the median of the five values is less than or equal to 3 in total. This
evaluation is based on the decision tree for evaluating GR (Hirschi et al. 2013:22).
Therefore, an evaluation of the station data is made where critical and possible river segments
with poor quality (median less than 3) exist. Only two longer and one short
sections in Switzerland receive a lower median than 3 for water quality.
 * SLS_B06 Visibility: For 99 percent of the river segments (30,733 of 31,062) in the canton of
Bern (2015 reduced version), the landscape area is considered to be visible. Due to this high number
of sections, a large number of viewpoints in the layer of Swisstopo and
the computation time and computability in ArcGIS, the landscape area is classified as generally viewable
(equal to 1).
16 Method
Additional indicators were added (see Appendix B.2):
 * SLS_A21 Dissection
 * SLS_A22 Forest areas
 * SLS_B03 Hiking trails
 * SLS_B10 Residential and vacation homes
 * SLS_B11 Tourist infrastructure
 * SLS_C01 Landfill
 * SLS_C03 Infrastructure
 * SLS_C05 Industry
 * SLS_C06 Agricultural land
Not to be added, although present to some extent:
 * SLS_B06 Cultural assets of national importance: here, too, the calculability of the visibility analysis is
for the whole of Switzerland is limited
 * SLS_A15 Legally binding protection and land use planning: the individual river sections are not
clearly designated, i.e. no geodata exist
The following data are also not supplemented, as they are cantonal data:
 * SLS_A10 Cantonal nature reserves
 * SLS_A16 Forest reserves
 * SLS_A17 Cantonal inventories and contractually protected areas

decision-making

display_name: decision-making

ecosystem-protection

display_name: ecosystem-protection

gis

display_name: gis

hydropower

display_name: hydropower

integral-water-management

display_name: integral-water-management


en: biological-control southern-switzerland population-evolution pest-invasion castanea-sativa dryocosmus-kuriphilus torymus-sinensis

en:
Data has been collected from summer 2011 to 2016.

Main reasons for NA values:

-	D. kuriphilus still not arrived in the site.
-	No galls were found during the field sampling.
-	Site has not been sampled in the correspondent year because of time, weather or money constrains.
-    T. sinensis not found in the galls

Variable description:

Year = sampling year.

Coordinate, elevation, slope, aspect = average site characteristics.

ts_arrival = T. sinensis arrival year.

dk_arrival = D. kuriphilus arrival year.

dk_parasitism_by_ts = D. kuriphilus parasitism rate by T. sinensis. Formula: (no. of T. sinensis/ no. of D. kuriphilus chambers) * 100 at gall level.

dk_infestation = Percentage of attacked buds. Formula: no. of attacked buds / no. of total developed buds*100 (as presented in Kotobuki et al. 1985) at shoot level.

ts_per_bud = number of alive T. sinensis individual calculated at bud level.

dk_per_bud = number of alive D. kuriphilus individual calculated at bud level.

dk_pot_per_bud = overall number (dead and alive) D. kuriphilus individual calculated at bud level.

total_gall_nr_per_bud = average gall number per bud.

chamber_per_galls = average D. kuriphilus chamber number per gall.

For details see the submitted publication with the same name

References
Kotobuki, K., Mori, K. and Sato, Y. (1985) ‘2 methods to estimate the tree damage by chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus-kuriphilus’, Bulletin of the fruit tree research station A (Yatabe), 2(12), pp. 29–36.

en:
This dataset contains the population evolution of a pest and its biocontrol agent in terms of presence proportion at gall level and absolute number of insects.

The study area extends from the Cuneo region (Piedmont, Italy) to southern Switzerland. In order to provide a complete range of data covering the entire process from the pest arrival to complete biological control by its natural enemy T. sinensis, a space-for-time substitution approach has been adopted so as to create a temporal gradient of the epidemic stages over the whole study area.

The southernmost Swiss sites roughly represent the arrival and establishment of the pest without the presence of the natural enemy, the central ones the early epidemic stage and the epidemic peak, whereas the northern ones the end of the epidemic with the beginning of the biocontrol. The Italian ones represent the beginning of the equilibrium between the two population as well as the situation with stable T. sinensis populations on the long term.

These data are used in the paper entitled: Torymus sinensis local and regional early population dynamics in the Insubrian and Piedmont regions

biological-control

display_name: biological-control

castanea-sativa

display_name: castanea-sativa

dryocosmus-kuriphilus

display_name: dryocosmus-kuriphilus

pest-invasion

display_name: pest-invasion

population-evolution

display_name: population-evolution

southern-switzerland

display_name: southern-switzerland

torymus-sinensis

display_name: torymus-sinensis

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.


en: x-ray-tomography microstructure snow snow-mechanics compression-experiments

en: README

en: README file explaining the organization of the data

en: Snowmicroquakes Data

en: Compression experiments, X-ray images and simulation data with supplemented README file

en:
When snow is compressed with a certain speed, micro-snowquakes are triggered in the porous structure of bonded crystals. The present dataset covers uniaxial compression experiments of snow at different strain rates and concurrent X-ray tomography imaging documenting this feature.

The experiments were conducted in a micro-compression stage operated in the X-ray tomography scanner in the SLF cold laboratory. The dataset comprises the compression force data of 17 compression experiments, the 3D image data from 4 X-ray tomography scans and the results of numerical simulations.

compression-experiments

display_name: compression-experiments

microstructure

display_name: microstructure

snow

display_name: snow

snow-mechanics

display_name: snow-mechanics

x-ray-tomography

display_name: x-ray-tomography

en: Compressive stick slip and snow-micro-quakes


en: snow-distribution forest-structure canopy-height snow-depth airborne-laser-scanning

en: Snow depth maps

en: Snow depth maps from two snow-on flights at each of the three field areas Davos (March 20th and 31st 2017), Engadien (March 20th and 31st, 2017) and Grand Mesa (February 8th and 16th, 2017)

mimetype: application/zip

en: Readme

en: Terrain elevation maps

en: Digital elevation model computed from snow-off flights for each of the field areas Davos, Engadine and Grand Mesa

en: Canopy height maps

en: Canopy height maps of each of the three field areas Davos, Engadine and Grand Mesa

en:
This dataset includes snow depth, canopy height and terrain elevation maps of forest stands in the Grisons (CH) and at Grand Mesa (CO,USA) derived from airborne lidar. Data were acquired i) within a pilot mission of NASA's Airborne Snow Observatory in the Swiss Alps in March 2017 and ii) during NASA’s SnowEx campaign at Grand Mesa in February 2017. Snow depth maps are available for two dates separated by approx.1 week, and include an area of ca. 0.5km2 for each of the three sites Davos, Engadine and Grand Mesa.
All data were presented and analyzed in the publication 'Revisiting Snow Cover Variability and Canopy Structure within Forest Stands: Insights from Airborne Lidar Data' (Mazzotti et al., 2019, WRR, doi: 10.1029/2019WR024898). This publication must be cited when using this dataset.

Paper Citation:
 > _Giulia Mazzotti; William Ryan Currier; Jeffrey S. Deems; Justin M. Pflug; Jessica D. Lundquist; Tobias Jonas (2019). Revisiting Snow Cover Variability and Canopy Structure Within Forest Stands: Insights From Airborne Lidar Data. Water Resources Research, 55, 6198– 6216, [doi: 10.1029/2019WR024898](https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR024898)._

airborne-laser-scanning

display_name: airborne-laser-scanning

canopy-height

display_name: canopy-height

forest-structure

display_name: forest-structure

snow-depth

display_name: snow-depth

snow-distribution

display_name: snow-distribution

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: ALS-based snow depth and canopy height maps from flights in 2017 (Grisons, CH and Grand Mesa, CO)


en: agro-food-trade food-taste-similarity latent-semantic-analysis national-dishes food-preferences

en: National dishes, migration data and data for bilateral food trade flows

en:
The data include information on national dishes, migration data and data for bilateral food
trade flows for 5 years as well as importer and exporter GDP, population, distance between
most populated cities, bilateral information on Preferential Trade Agreements, common
official primary langauge, common colonizer post-1945, colonial relationship for overall
171 countries. The final data set contains 145,350 observations (29,070 country pairs for
5 years)

en: dyadic food similarity measures, pairwise similarity and dissimilarity (chord diagram)

en:
The figures show the distribution of two dyadic food tastes similarity measures on the base of
the national dishes: (i) the Manhattan distance and the (ii) latent semantic analysis. The chord diagram
shows the results for country pairs with most and less similarity on basis of the LSA-approach.

en: information on ingredients of national dishes

en: shows information of ingredients of all national dishes of 171 countries and their names

en: The data described in this article were collected daily over the period 4 June 2018 to 23 August 2018 and contains information of several data sources. The database includes information on national recipes and their ingredients for 171 countries, measures for food taste similarities between all 171 countries as well as bilateral migration and agro-food trade data for 5 years. The database can be used for analyzing e.g., the relation between food preferences and international trade or food preferences and health outcomes (e.g., obesity) across countries.

agro-food-trade

display_name: agro-food-trade

food-preferences

display_name: food-preferences

food-taste-similarity

display_name: food-taste-similarity

latent-semantic-analysis

display_name: latent-semantic-analysis

national-dishes

display_name: national-dishes

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Data of national dishes, their similarity and trade flows


en: snow-water-equivalent snow-depth snow-density model-validation-data model-calibration-data

en: swe2hs calibration and validation data

en:
 Contents of this archive

 README.md

 A readme file containing a description of the other files.

 automatic_stations_validation_data.csv

 Daily data from the automatic weather stations used for validation.

 Data sources and providers are listed in the SWE2HS paper, Table 1.

 Columns:

  * date: timestamp of the format YYYY-MM-DD
  * HS_[m]: snow depth in [m]
  * SWE_[m]: snow water equivalent in [m]
  * site_id: code for the measurement site
  - HS_interpolated: boolean flag for interpolated values
  - SWE_interpolated: : boolean flag for interpolated values

 coordinates_swe2hs_paper_stations.csv

 Coordinates of all measurement sites used in the SWE2HS paper.

 Columns:

  * site_id: code for the measurement site
  * location_name: location name of the measurement site
  * lon_[wgs84]: longitude in WGS84
  * lat_[wgs84]: latitude in WGS84
  * elevation_[m]: atitude of the measurement site in [m]
  * dataset: dataset in which the station is included

 manual_station_calibration_data.csv

 Calibration data from the Swiss manual observer stations. Long station records
 trmmed to 15 random water-years.

 Columns:

  * date: timestamp of the format YYYY-MM-DD
  * HS_[m]: snow depth in [m]
  * SWE_[m]: snow water equivalent in [m]
  * SWE_from_profile_[m]: biweekly measurement from the SWE in the measurement
   pit. Corrected with the bulk density in order to match the snow depth from
   the measurement stake. Please refer to the paper for further details.
  * site_id: code for the measurement site

 manual_stations_validation_data.csv

 Validation data from the Swiss manual observer stations. Remaining water-years
 from the long sttaion record not used for the calibration data.

 Columns:

  * date: timestamp of the format YYYY-MM-DD
  * HS_[m]: snow depth in [m]
  * SWE_[m]: snow water equivalent in [m]
  * SWE_from_profile_[m]: biweekly measurement from the SWE in the measurement
   pit. Corrected with the bulk density in order to match the snow depth from
   the measurement stake. Please refer to the paper for further details.
  * site_id: code for the measurement site

 manual_stations_used_deltasnow_parameters.csv

 Site specific DeltaSNOW model parameters used for the calculation of the daily
 SWE series in 'manual_stations_calibration_data.csv' and
 'manual_stations_validation_data.csv'.

 Parameters were optimized by reducing RMSE to the biweekly snow pit SWE measurements.
 Please refer to the paper for further details.

 A python implementation of the DeltaSNOW model was used for the calculation:
 pydeltasnow (https://pypi.org/project/pydeltasnow/)

 For a detailed description of the DeltaSNOW model parameters please see the
 respective publication:

 Winkler, M., Schellander, H., & Gruber, S. (2021). Snow water equivalents
 exclusively from snow depths and their temporal changes: the Δ snow model.
 Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 25(3), 1165-1187.

 Columns:

  * site_id: code for the measurement site
  * rho_max: Maximum density of an individual snow layer produced by the DeltaSNOW model in [kg/m3]
  * rho_null: Fresh snow density for a newly created layer [kg/m3
  * c_ov: Overburden factor due to fresh snow [-]
  * k_ov: Defines the impact of the individual layer density on the compaction due to overburden [-]
  * k: Exponent of the exponential-law compaction [m3/kg]
  * tau: Uncertainty bound [m]
  * eta_null: Effective compactive viscosity of snow for “zero-density” [Pa s]

en:
The data in this repository was used for the calibration and validation of the
SWE2HS model in the following publication:
Aschauer, J., Michel, A., Jonas, T., & Marty, C. (2023). An empirical model to calculate snow depth from daily snow water equivalent: SWE2HS 1.0. Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-258
Contains daily snow water equivalent and snow depth timeseries from stations in the European Alps.

model-calibration-data

display_name: model-calibration-data

model-validation-data

display_name: model-validation-data

snow-density

display_name: snow-density

snow-water-equivalent

display_name: snow-water-equivalent

en: SWE2HS model calibration and validation data


maintainer: Mountain Hydrology and Mass Movements

en: rockfall-fatalities flood-fatalities natural-hazard-fatalities earthquake-fatalities debris-flow-fatalities windstorm-fatalities landslide-fatalities ice-avalanche-fatalities lightning-fatalities

en: Natural hazard fatalities per year in Swizterland since 1946.

en:
This dataset contains the number of fatalities due to flood, debris flow, landslide, rockfall, windstorm, lightning, ice avalanche, earthquake and other processes like roof avalanche or lacustrine tsunami for each year since 1946.
The following information is contained (by column and column title):

* year
* total number of hazard fatalities
* number of fatalities by flood (German: Hochwasser, Überschwemmung). Flood includes people drowned in flooded or inundated areas or carried away in streams under high-water conditions.
* number of fatalities by debris flow (German: Murgang).
* number of fatalities by landslide (German: Erdrutsch). Landslide includes people killed by landslides and hillslope debris flows (German: Hangmure).
* number of fatalities by rockfall (German: Steinschlag, Fels- und Bergsturz).
* number of fatalities by windstorm (German: Sturm). Windstorm includes people killed by falling objects or trees during very strong wind conditions and people who drowned in lakes because their boat capsized during such conditions.
* number of fatalities by lightning (German: Blitz).
* number of fatalities by ice avalanche (German: Eislawine).
* number of fatalities by earthquake (German: Erdbeben).
* number of fatalities by other processes like roof avalanche, lacustrine tsunami (German: andere Prozesse wie Dachlawine, Tsunami im See).

The data was collected based on newspaper research. For more information please refer to

_Badoux, A., Andres, N., Techel, F., and Hegg, C.: Natural hazard fatalities in Switzerland from 1946 to 2015, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2747-2768, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2747-2016, 2016._

The data collection is financed by the FOEN (with exception of the collection of the avalanche fatalities). The data contains the official statistics of the FOEN on fatalities due to flood, debris flow, landslide, rock fall and avalanche.

Restrictions: The data set is not complete. Only fatalities in or around settlements and on open transportation routes are included. More precisely, fatalities were not collected, when persons exposed themselves to a great danger on purpose. Or fatalities during leisure activities which are connected to a higher risk were not included (this includes e.g. canoeing or river surfing during flood, canyoning, mountaineering, climbing, walking or driving on a closed road).

Fatalities by avalanches are collected at the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF. You can download the avalanche fatalities per hydrological year [here](https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/avalanche-fatalities-switzerland-1936) and per calendar year [here](https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/avalanche-fatalities-per-calendar-year-since-1936). For a direct comparison with the fatalities presented here, please download the data set with the calendar years and do not consider fatalities in the backcountry (tour) or in terrain close to ski areas (offpiste).

debris-flow-fatalities

display_name: debris-flow-fatalities

earthquake-fatalities

display_name: earthquake-fatalities

flood-fatalities

display_name: flood-fatalities

ice-avalanche-fatalities

display_name: ice-avalanche-fatalities

landslide-fatalities

display_name: landslide-fatalities

lightning-fatalities

display_name: lightning-fatalities

natural-hazard-fatalities

display_name: natural-hazard-fatalities

rockfall-fatalities

display_name: rockfall-fatalities

windstorm-fatalities

display_name: windstorm-fatalities

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Number of natural hazard fatalities per year in Switzerland since 1946


maintainer: Lisa Hülsmann

en: inventory-data empirical-mortality-models forest-reserves tree-mortality tree-growth

en: Calibration data

en:
A set of three consecutive inventories was used to generate records for the calibration of mortality models based on trees that were alive in the first and second inventory and either dead or alive in the third inventory.

 Meta data
Reserve: Name of the forest reserve

Plot: Permanent plot number

 Tree data
Species: Latin species name (or species group, cf. _Quercus_ spp.)

y: Status of the tree with 0 = alive and 1 = dead

dt: Length of the mortality period (years)

DBH: Diameter at breast height (mm) of the second inventory

relBAI: Annual relative basal area increment (-) calculated based on the first and the second DBH measurement as the compound annual growth rate of the trees basal area

 Stand data
_All stand variables were calculated for the second inventory._

mDBH: Mean diameter at breast height (mm)

iqrDBH: Interquartile range of diameter at breast height (mm)

BA: Basal area per hectare (m2 ha-1)

N: Number of trees per hectare (ha-1)

 Climate data
_Both climate variables were calculated for the period between the second and the third inventory._

P: Mean annual precipitation sum (mm)

mT: Mean annual air temperature (°C)

en:
The dataset comprises > 90 000 records from inventories in 54 strict forest reserves in [Switzerland](https://www.wsl.ch/de/wald/biodiversitaet-naturschutz-urwald/naturwaldreservate.html) and [Lower Saxony / Germany](http://naturwaelder.de/) along a considerable environmental gradient. It was used to develop parsimonious, species-specific mortality models for 18 European tree species based on tree size and growth as well as additional covariates on stand structure and climate.

 Inventory data
Measurements had been conducted repeatedly on up to 14 permanent plots per reserve for up to 60 years with re-measurement intervals of 4 - 27 years. The permanent plots vary in size between 0.03 and 3.47 ha. The inventories provide diameter measurements at breast height (DBH) and information on the species and status (alive or dead) of trees with DBH ≥ 4 cm for Switzerland and ≥ 7 cm for Germany.

 Data selection
We excluded three permanent plots where at least 80 % of the trees died during an interval of 10 years, and mortality could be clearly assigned to a disturbance agent. Mortality in the remaining stands was rather low, with a mean annual mortality rate of 1.5 % and strong variation between plots from 0 to 6.5 % (assessed for trees of all species with DBH ≥ 7 cm).
We only used data from permanent plots with at least 20 trees per species to obtain reliable plot-level mortality rates even for species with low mortality rates (about 5 % during 10 years), and selected tree species occurring on at least 10 plots to cover sufficient ecological gradients. This led to a dataset of 197 permanent plots and 18 tree or shrub species: _Abies alba_ Mill., _Acer campestre_ L., _Acer pseudoplatanus_ L., _Alnus incana_ Moench., _Betula pendula_ Roth, _Carpinus betulus_ L., _Cornus mas_ L., _Corylus avellana_ L., _Fagus sylvatica_ L., _Fraxinus excelsior_ L., _Picea abies_ (L.) Karst, _Pinus mugo_ Turra, _Pinus sylvestris_ L., _Quercus pubescens_ Willd., _Quercus_ spp. (_Q. petraea_ Liebl. and _Q. robur_ L.; not properly differentiated in the Swiss inventories), _Sorbus aria_ Crantz, _Tilia cordata_ Mill. and _Ulmus glabra_ Huds..

 Predictors of tree mortality
We considered tree size and growth as key indicators for mortality risk. Radial stem growth between the first and second inventory and DBH at the second inventory were used to predict tree status (alive or dead) at the third inventory. To this end, the annual relative basal area increment (relBAI) was calculated as the compound annual growth rate of the trees basal area. Additional covariates on stand structure and climate comprise mean annual precipitation sum (P), mean annual air temperature (mT), the mean and the interquartile range of DBH (mDBH, iqrDBH), basal area (BA) and the number of trees (N) per hectare.

 Further information
For further information, refer to Hülsmann _et al_. (in press) How to kill a tree – Empirical mortality models for eighteen species and their performance in a dynamic forest model. _Ecological Applications_.

empirical-mortality-models

display_name: empirical-mortality-models

forest-reserves

display_name: forest-reserves

inventory-data

display_name: inventory-data

tree-growth

display_name: tree-growth

tree-mortality

display_name: tree-mortality

en: Calibration data for empirical mortality models of 18 European tree species


en: stream-water precipitation stable-water-isotopes spatially-distributed-sampling geochemical-solutes

en: The dataset contains daily measurements of volumes, isotopes and solutes of stream water as well as precipitation measured several locations; meteorological variables are added. Date: 18.07.2019

en:
This dataset contain measurements of solute and stable water isotopes in stream water and precipitation in the Alp catchment and two of its tributaries (between 2015 -2018) . The river Alp is a snow-dominated catchment situated in Central Switzerland characterized by an elevation range from 840 to 1898 m a.s.l. The dataset provides solutes (major anions and cations, trace metals) and stable water isotopes and water fluxes (precipitation rates, discharge) at daily intervals from several sampling locations.
An updated version of the isotope dataset is available here: https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.242

geochemical-solutes

display_name: geochemical-solutes

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

spatially-distributed-sampling

display_name: spatially-distributed-sampling

stable-water-isotopes

display_name: stable-water-isotopes

stream-water

display_name: stream-water

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Daily data of solute and stable water isotopes in stream water and precipitation in the Alp catchment, Central Switzerland


maintainer: Matthias Haeni

en: swiss-forest-lab precipitation climate-change par relative-humidity wind-speed temperature meteorology meteo long-term

en: Data plot of the field station (CLF)

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

en: Data file.

en: Data plot of the forest station (CLB)

en: Site photo of the forest station (CLB)

en: Site photo of the forest station from below (viewing upwards the slope).

mimetype: image/jpeg

en: Site photo of the field station (CLF)

en: Site phote of the field station from the side.

en: Site aerial photo (Celerina)

en: Site aerial photo from both Celerina stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Celerina stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Celerina in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural coniferous forest stand (CLB) with Swiss pine (_Pinus cembra_; 210-250 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, CLF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Celerina is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

long-term

display_name: long-term

meteo

display_name: meteo

meteorology

display_name: meteorology

par

display_name: par

relative-humidity

display_name: relative-humidity

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

temperature

display_name: temperature

wind-speed

display_name: wind-speed

en: Celerina, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards


maintainer: Michael Lehning

en: alpine3d-simulations alpine-precipitation snow snow-hydrology snow-cover snow-distribution alpine3d

en: ADS datasets and simulation inputs

en: The file contains the ADS datasets of snow depth and input data used for simulations.

en:
Dataset (Model input, snow distribution and validation) for the precipitation scaling paper, which should be cited along with the data set citation.

This data is useful for distributed hydrological modelling or other tasks that involve the study of snow distribution and precipitation in the high Alpine.

The format of the data is for Alpine3D (models.slf.ch) model runs but other models could be used, too.

Please cite:

_Vögeli, C., Lehning, M., Wever, N., Bavay M., 2016: Scaling Precipitation Input to Spatially Distributed Hydrological Models by Measured Snow Distribution., Front. Earth Sci. 4: 108. doi: 10.3389/feart.2016.00108._

Dataset is provided as a single zip file.
The archive contains two directories, the valuable distributed snow depth maps for the landscape Davos and the simulation input.
The archive also contains the file: "ReadMeMetadataDataSetPrecipitationScaling" which explains the data structure.

alpine-precipitation

display_name: alpine-precipitation

snow

display_name: snow

snow-cover

display_name: snow-cover

snow-distribution

display_name: snow-distribution

snow-hydrology

display_name: snow-hydrology

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Precipitation Scaling Data Set (Vögeli et al., Frontiers)


en: sentinel-2 switzerland force raster-processing remote-sensing

media_type: image/tiff

en: An example of the index EVI for one of the generated 30 by 30 km tiles located around the city of Zürich. The values are multiplied by 10.000. The date of the image is 24.07.2018.

format: TIFF

en:
We processed Sentinel-2 images from 2017 to 2023 for Switzerland with the Software FORCE (Frantz 2019). The respective parameter files can be found here: [Github](https://github.com/TLKoch/Sentinel-2_CH). All the images consist of several TB and therefore, access will be granted upon request.
The available bands (in spatial reference system EPSG 3035) are the following:
*Red, Green, Blue, NIR, Red-Edge-1, Red-Edge-2, Red-Edge-3, SWIR-1, SWIR-2*
The available indices (in spatial reference system EPSG 3035) are the following:
*CCI, CIRE, NDWI/NDMI, NDVI, EVI*
Further indices might be provided upon request.

 Processing
After downloading Level 1 data for the 14 Sentinel-2 tiles covering Switzerland (T31TGN, T32TLT, T32TMT, T32UMU, T32TNT, T32TPT, T31TGM, T32TLS, T32TMS, T32TNS, T32TPS, T32TLR, T32TMR, T32TNR) with an estimated cloud cover of less than 80 \%, we processed the data further with FORCE v. 3.7.8-12.
FORCE was used for radiometric correction, including atmospheric and topographic corrections using the digital elevation model from Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (EU-DEM v. 1.1), with a 25 m spatial resolution, a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) correction, and an adjacency effect correction. For cloud masking, the improved Fmask algorithm with buffers of 300 m for clouds, 90 m for shadows, and 30 m for snow were used (Frantz et al. 2018; Zhu et al. 2015). All bands were resampled using cubic convolution to 10 m spatial resolution. Shadows, low and poor illumination as well as saturation were masked out. The co-registration of all images was made with monthly composites of near-infrared Landsat Collection 2 images from 2014 to 2021 (Rengarajan et al. 2020;Rufin et al. 2021). With this the geometric consistency improved. The processed images are available in tiles of 30 by 30 km.

 Example images
Uploaded is an example of the index EVI for one of the generated 30 by 30 km tiles located around the city of Zürich. The values are multiplied by 10.000. The date of the image is 24.07.2018.

force

display_name: force

raster-processing

display_name: raster-processing

remote-sensing

display_name: remote-sensing

switzerland

display_name: switzerland

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Sentinel-2 imagery of Switzerland


en: lichen functional-taxonomic-groups biodiversity climate-change climate-change-impact disturbance madeira-island moss functional-taxonomic-group lichen-growthform elevational-gradient endemic-species photobiont liverwort endemic lichen-growth-form bryophyte bryophyte-life-strategy

en: MadCrypto – Bryophyte and macrolichen diversity in laurel forests of Madeira

en:
This dataset includes species lists of bryophytes and macrolichens (presence/absence) sampled on the forest floor and on trees in disturbed and undisturbed plots along elevation gradients in the laurel forests of Madeira island. It also contains species specific information (bryophytes: red list status, endemic status, taxonomic group, life strategy; macrolichens: photobiont type, growth form) as well as plot information (Plot_ID, sampling date, coordinates, elevation a.s.l. (m), disturbance type, sampled host tree species).

The dataset was used for the paper
Boch S, Martins A, Ruas S, Fontinha S, Carvalho P, Reis F, Bergamini A, Sim-Sim M (2019) Bryophyte and macrolichen diversity show contrasting elevation relationships and are negatively affected by disturbances in laurel forests of Madeira island. Journal of Vegetation Science.

en:
This dataset includes species lists of bryophytes and macrolichens (presence/absence) sampled on the forest floor and on trees in disturbed and undisturbed plots along elevation gradients in the laurel forests of Madeira island. It also contains species specific information (bryophytes: red list status, endemic status, taxonomic group, life strategy; macrolichens: photobiont type, growth form) as well as plot information (Plot_ID, sampling date, coordinates, elevation a.s.l. (m), disturbance type, sampled host tree species).

The dataset was used for the paper
Boch S, Martins A, Ruas S, Fontinha S, Carvalho P, Reis F, Bergamini A, Sim-Sim M (2019) Bryophyte and macrolichen diversity show contrasting elevation relationships and are negatively affected by disturbances in laurel forests of Madeira island. Journal of Vegetation Science 30: 1122–1133.

The excel file contains 5 sheets:
1) Plot information
2) Bryophyte data with species specific information, separated per substrate
3) Macrolichen data with species specific information, separated per substrate
4) Bryophyte data with species specific information (plot level data). Species lists of the two substrates were merged; if one substrate in a plot hosted a species identified only to genus level (genus spec.) but the second investigated substrate hosted an identified species of the same genus, we removed the genus spec. entry in the particular plot. The species list of sheet 2 and 4 might therefore differ slightly.
5) Macrolichen data with species specific information (plot level data). Species lists of the two substrates were merged; if one substrate in a plot hosted a species identified only to genus level (genus spec.) but the second investigated substrate hosted an identified species of the same genus, we removed the genus spec. entry in the particular plot. The species list of sheet 3 and 5 might therefore differ slightly.

biodiversity

display_name: biodiversity

bryophyte

display_name: bryophyte

bryophyte-life-strategy

display_name: bryophyte-life-strategy

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

climate-change-impact

display_name: climate-change-impact

disturbance

display_name: disturbance

elevational-gradient

display_name: elevational-gradient

endemic

display_name: endemic

endemic-species

display_name: endemic-species

functional-taxonomic-group

display_name: functional-taxonomic-group

functional-taxonomic-groups

display_name: functional-taxonomic-groups

lichen

display_name: lichen

lichen-growth-form

display_name: lichen-growth-form

lichen-growthform

display_name: lichen-growthform

liverwort

display_name: liverwort

madeira-island

display_name: madeira-island

moss

display_name: moss

photobiont

display_name: photobiont