maintainer: Océane Hames

en: openfoam snow-deposition antarctica arctic-sea-ice snow-transport mosaic

en:
OpenFOAM-5.0 scripts containing the implemented Eulerian-Lagrangian snow transport model.
The code file provided here is not updated. The most recent version of the script can be found on the WSL/SLF GitLab repository: https://gitlabext.wsl.ch/atmospheric-models/snowbedfoam-v1-0.git

en: Snowdrift measurements around Neumayer Station III

en: Files containing the topographical data barometrically measured in June 2009 around the German Antarctic Research station Neumayer III. Those measurements are compared to the snowBedFoam simulations to assess the ability of the model to reproduce real snow distribution observations.

en: MOSAiC Met City preliminary (Level 2) wind data

en:
Extract from the preliminary MOSAiC atmospheric data (Level 2) for the time period 6th to 13th of November, 2019.
This data was used to set up the fluid forcing parameters in the snowBedFoam simulations on MOSAiC sea ice. It is being published in this repository with the kind permission from Matthew Shupe and his team.
The final processed and quality controlled version of this dataset (Level 3) has not been published yet. A complete reference will be added in this description once it is released.

en:
OpenFOAM-2.3.0. scripts containing the implemented Eulerian-Lagrangian snow transport model.

The code file provided here is not updated. The most recent version of the script can be found on the WSL/SLF GitLab repository: https://gitlabext.wsl.ch/atmospheric-models/snowbedfoam-v1-0.git

en: Neumayer III simulations

en:
Snow distribution results around Neumayer Station III obtained for the sensitivity analysis and comparison to measurements. The file contains several sub-folders, namely:
-COMP: simulation output for the comparison to measurements;
-FLOW: simulation output for the study of wind forcing impact;
-simulation_exampleCase: example case of a snowBedFoam simulation with the reference Neumayer Station mesh;
-SNOW: simulation output for the study of snow properties impact;
-STRUCT: simulation output for the study of structure properties impact.

en: Paper Draft

en: This is the initial draft of the paper where the snowBedFoam 1.0. results are tested against Terrestrial Laser Scan (TLS) measurements of snow dynamics on Arctic sea ice (MOSAiC expedition). It highlights the numerical limitations of our model as well as the measurement uncertainties, which may occur in such extreme environments.

en:
snowBedFoam 1.0. is a snow transport solver implemented in the computational fluid dynamics software OpenFOAM. It is adapted from the standard multi-phase flow solver DPMFoam for application in snow-influenced environments.
To simulate aeolian snow transport, snowBedFoam 1.0. handles coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian phases, which involve a finite number of particles (snow) spread in a continuous phase (air). The snow erosion and deposition are modelled through physics-based equations similar to the ones employed in the well-established LES-Lagrangian Stochastic Model (Comola and Lehning, 2017 ; Sharma et al., 2018 ; Melo et al., 2022). This modelling approach is computationally intensive and thus adapted to simulate snow movement and distribution on small scale terrain.
First, snowBedFoam 1.0. was applied to topographical data collected on Arctic sea ice during the MOSAiC expedition (Clemens-Sewall, 2021). Together with atmospheric data from the MOSAiC Met City (Shupe et al., 2021) used for the fluid forcing, the model was able to accurately simulate the zones of erosion and deposition of snow along a complex ice ridge structure (Hames et al., 2022).
Second, snowBedFoam 1.0. was used to simulate the snow distribution around the German Antarctic research station Neumayer Station III. The effect of snow properties, fluid forcing and aerodynamic structures on the snow accumulation were assessed.
snowBedFoam 1.0 was implemented in 2 different OpenFOAM versions, namely OpenFOAM-2.3.0 and OpenFOAM-5.0. The latter offers more options for turbulence models and boundary conditions. The fundamental model equations were not changed from one implementation to the other, thus both still correspond to snowBedFoam 1.0. The two branches are called snowBedFoam-v1-2.3.0 (OpenFOAM-2.3.0) and snowBedFoam-v1-5.0 (OpenFOAM-5.0). The core codes of snowBedFoam 1.0. are directly accessible on the WSL/SLF GitLab repository (more details in the Resources section).

antarctica

display_name: antarctica

arctic-sea-ice

display_name: arctic-sea-ice

mosaic

display_name: mosaic

openfoam

display_name: openfoam

snow-deposition

display_name: snow-deposition

snow-transport

display_name: snow-transport

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: snowBedFoam: an OpenFOAM Eulerian-Lagrangian solver for modelling snow transport


maintainer: Dominique Weber

en: use-intensity remote-sensing landsat mowing management sentinel-2 land-use grassland

state: active

type: dataset

en: Preview number of grassland management events 2020

media_type: image/png

en: Spatial distribution of the number of management events for Switzerland and for three zoomed-in regions (a, b, c). The three zoomed-in regions show different grassland-use intensities, which are reflected in the distribution of management frequency (Weber et al., 2023; IN REVIEW)

format: PNG

en: Webcam-based reference data

en: Webcam-based reference data from 2020 and 2021 (see readme).

format: SERVICE

en: Grassland-use intensity map 2019

en: Raster stack with information on the number and timing of grassland-management events (i.e. mowing, grazing) at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland for 2019. See readme file for more details.

format: GeoTIFF

en: Readme

media_type: text/plain

en: Metadata and description of the maps and webcam-based reference data.

format: TXT

en: Grassland-use intensity map 2021

en: Raster stack with information on the number and timing of grassland-management events (i.e. mowing, grazing) at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland for 2021. See readme file for more details.

en: Grassland-use intensity map 2020

en: Raster stack with information on the number and timing of grassland-management events (i.e. mowing, grazing) at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland for 2020. See readme file for more details.

en: Grassland-use intensity map 2018

en: Raster stack with information on the number and timing of grassland-management events (i.e. mowing, grazing) at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland for 2018. See readme file for more details.

en: Preview time of 1st grassland management event 2020

en: Spatial distribution of the timing (day of year; DOY) of the first management event for Switzerland and for three zoomed-in regions (a, b, c). The three zoomed-in regions show different grassland-use intensities, which are reflected in the timing of the first event of the year (Weber et al., 2023; IN REVIEW)

en:
A rule-based algorithm [(Schwieder et al., 2022)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112795) was used to produce annual maps for 2018–2021 of grassland-management events, i.e. mowing and/or grazing, for Switzerland using Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 satellite time series. All satellite images were processed with the [FORCE](https://force-eo.readthedocs.io) framework.

The resulting maps provide information on the number and timing of grassland-management events at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland. For the final maps, permanent grasslands were masked using a variety of land-use layers, according to [Huber et al. (2022)](https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.298) but replacing the crop mask with the agricultural-use data from the cantons.

We assessed the detection of management events based on independent reference data, which we acquired from daily time series of publicly available webcams that are widely distributed across Switzerland. We further tested the ecological relevance of the generated intensity measures in relation to nationwide biodiversity data (see [Weber et al., 2023](https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.372)).

The webcam-based reference data used for verification was subsequently added on 14.02.2024.

grassland

display_name: grassland

land-use

display_name: land-use

landsat

display_name: landsat

management

display_name: management

mowing

display_name: mowing

remote-sensing

display_name: remote-sensing

use-intensity

display_name: use-intensity

educ

fr: Éducation, culture et sport

de: Bildung, Kultur und Sport

it: Istruzione, cultura e sport

fr: EnviDat: le portail de données environnementales

de: EnviDat: das Umwelt-Datenportal

it: EnviDat: il portale dei dati ambientali

fr: EnviDat est le portail de données du WSL; il offre un accès uniformisé et réglementé aux données de surveillance et de recherche en matière d’environnement. Ce portail est capable d’héberger et de publier des ensembles de données précieuses et uniques, qui sont partagées aux quatre coins de la planète. Ce faisant, EnviDat favorise la recherche et contribue à l’avancement des sciences environnementales.

de: EnviDat ist das Datenportal der WSL für einen einheitlichen und verwalteten Zugang zu Umweltdaten aus Monitoring- und Forschungsprojekten. Auf dem Portal können Datensätze gehostet und veröffentlicht werden. Durch die weltweite Bereitstellung einzigartiger und wertvoller Datensätze leistet EnviDat einen Beitrag zur Forschung im Bereich der Umweltwissenschaften.

it: EnviDat è il portale dati del WSL che fornisce un accesso unificato e gestito ai dati di monitoraggio ambientale e di ricerca. Il portale ha la capacità di ospitare e pubblicare serie di dati preziosi e unici che vengono condivisi in tutto il mondo. Così facendo, EnviDat promuove la ricerca e contribuisce al progresso della scienza ambientale.

political_level: other

wsl

capacity: public

type: organization

approval_status: approved

key: guid

key: uri

value: Envidat Harvester

en: Grassland-use intensity maps for Switzerland


maintainer: Matthias Haeni

en: climate-change relative-humidity meteorology meteo precipitation long-term swiss-forest-lab temperature wind-speed par

en: Data plot of the forest station (CIB)

media_type: application/pdf

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

format: PDF

mimetype: application/pdf

en: Forest station data (CIB)

media_type: text/csv

en: Data file.

format: CSV

mimetype: text/csv

en: Site photo of the field station (CIF)

en: Site photo of the field station from the side.

mimetype: image/jpeg

en: Site aerial photo (Chironico)

en: Site aerial photo from both Chironico stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Chironico stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Site photo of the forest station (CIB)

en: Site photo of the forest station from below (viewing upwards the slope).

en: Data plot of the field station (CIF)

en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Chironico in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural coniferous forest stand (CIB) with Norway spruce (_Picea abies_; 160-180 yrs) and European silver fir (_Abies alba_; 140-160 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, CIF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Chironico is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

long-term

display_name: long-term

meteo

display_name: meteo

meteorology

display_name: meteorology

par

display_name: par

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

relative-humidity

display_name: relative-humidity

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

temperature

display_name: temperature

wind-speed

display_name: wind-speed

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Chironico, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 2000 onwards


figures-perspective-urban-beekeeping

title_for_slug: figures-perspective-urban-beekeeping

en: wildbees insects diversity-distributions hymenoptera urban-beekeeping urban-ecology

en: Proportion honeybees and wildbees

en: Outdated, use the new resource "Propotion urban honeybees and wildbees"

en: Distribution beehives among beekeepers

en: The dataset contains the number of beehives per registered beekeeper ID (annonymised) in four Swiss cities (Bern, Lausanne, Geneve, Zurich) and Paris.

en: Species-abundance data

en:
Abundance data at the species level per used dataset for the rank abundance distribution (RAD).
40 datasets used.

en: Proportion urban honeybees and wildbees

en:
The dataset contains the proportion of wildbees and honeybees in the different studies obtained from the literature review.
Article_ID: ID for each article
DOI
Authors
Year: publication year
Duration sampling (years): numerical
Start_sampling: numerical, date
End_sampling: numerical, date
Continent
Country
N. cities: number of cities sampled in the article. Numerical.
City
Sampling type: categorical. Levels: active (e.g., Hand-netting); passive (e.g., pantraps. trap-nests); both (combination of passive and active methods).
Sampling methodology: categorical. Levels: direct observations, hand-netting, pantraps, interception traps, vane traps.
Number sites: total number of study sites.
Abundance honeybees: number of honeybees recorded
Abundance wild bees: number of wildbees recorded
Total bees: total number of bees recorded.
Proportion honeybees: Abundance of honeybees / Total number of bees
Proportion wildbees: Abundance of wildbees / Total number of bees

en: Results literature review

en:
 The file shows the results from the literature review. Briefly, we searched papers using google scholar search engine using the following query: (“WILD BEE OR WILDBEE”)(“URBAN” OR “CITY”), and limited the time span from 2010-2023. The search query returned 200 candidate papers. In addition, we complemented the candidate papers from the literature research performed by Ferrari & Polidori (2022), adding 22 additional candidate papers. To select papers, we checked that (1) were conducted in urban areas; (2) sampled the whole bee community; (3) provided data on abundance of wildbees; (4) provided data on honeybees; and (5) provided individual abundance data of each wild bee species.
The dataset contains the following:
-Article_ID: ID for the specific article in the form "A1", "A2"..."An"
- Title: of the article
- Year: of publication
- Journal: of publication
- Publisher:
- Link: link to the publication
- DOI: when applicable
- Total abundance wild bees reported: was the total number of collected bees reported? Logical (Y/N)
- Honey bee abundance reported: was thenumber of honeybees collected reported? 	Logical (Y/N)
- Abundance per wild bee species: was the number of wildbee species sampled provided? Logical (Y/N)
- Select proportion: paper selected to calculate the proportion of honeybees and wildbees.
- Select RAD: paper selected to compute the rank-abundance distribution diagram
Comment: comments on the papers, data availability, etc.

en: DEPRECATED. Data growth urban beekeeping

en: Data rank-abundance distribution urban bees

en: Outdated, use the new resource

en: Coordinates studied cities

en: Coordinates (LatLon format) of the cities where data from urban bee ecology studies was used.

en: R script for the figures V1

en: Deprecated version of the R script

format: OCTET

en: R script for the figures V2

en: R script for the figures

en: NDVI values within 3 buffers  in hives in Zurich

en:
The dataset contains the average NDVI values around beehives in Zurich at three spatial scales (250, 500 and 1000 m). It contains 3 columns_
- buffer: indicating the spatial scale
- ID: hive ID (annonymised)
- mean.NDVI: mean NDVI value

en: Data growth urban beekeeping

en:
The dataset contains the data of the growth of urban beekeeping in different cities.
For each city in a given year, it contains the following:
Continent.
Country.
City: the name of the city
Year: the year when the information was collected
Area: of the city
Total N. beekeepers: when available, the estimated number of beekeepers in that city for that given year
Total N. hives: when available, the estimated number of beehives in that city for that given year
Density: the total number of hives divided by the city area
Reference: the source of the information.

en: DEPRECATED. Distirbution beehives among beekeepers

en: The dataset contains the number of beehives per registered beekeeper ID (annonymised) in four Swiss cities (Bern, Lausanne, Geneve, Zurich).

en: Local overheating values within 3 buffers in hives in Zurich

en:
The dataset contains the average overheating values around beehives in Zurich at three spatial scales (250, 500 and 1000 m). It contains 4 columns:
- buffer: indicating the spatial scale
-ID: hive ID (annonymised)
- mean.overwarming: mean overheating value, expressed in degrees Kelvin
-mena.overwarming.cor = transformed values do degrees Celsius

en:
Data and code from the perspective paper "When honeybees comes to town"
The .r file provides the code to generate the figures.
In addition, this repository contains the data for the figures 1-3.
For Figure 4, part of the data is confidential, Please, refer to the contacts provided:
- For the distribution of hives in Zurich (2018): https://www.zh.ch/de/gesundheitsdirektion/veterinaeramt.html
- For the overheating map of Zurich: Prof. Dr. Eberhard Parlow / Stadt Zurich (https://www.zh.ch/de/umwelt-tiere/umweltschutz/umweltpraxis/definitionsseite/2012/68/zup068_2012_a0030_klimaanalyse-pdf.html)

diversity-distributions

display_name: diversity-distributions

hymenoptera

display_name: hymenoptera

insects

display_name: insects

urban-beekeeping

display_name: urban-beekeeping

urban-ecology

display_name: urban-ecology

wildbees

display_name: wildbees


maintainer: Maria Elvira Murazzi

en: 13c-labelling nanoplastic polystyrene uptake forest-trees

en: Nanoplastic in forests experiment

en:
Data embargoed until August 2022, and it will be provided upon request

-  excel file containing: two working sheets (leaf supply and root supply experiment) with a table with the values 13C-nanopolystyrene in the different tissues of the two forest tree species; graph showing the differences between controls and treatments of 13C-nanopolystyrene enrichment for each tissue of each forest tree species; ANOVA table showing significant values after having exposed the tree species to 13C-nanopolystyrene

format: XLS

en:
The fate of plastic in the environment is of global concern, because its production recently has
increased strongly and it accumulates in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Although some knowledge on
its role in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems was gained in the recent decade, hitherto very little is known
about the impact of micro and nanoplastics in forest ecosystems.

The aim of this pioneering project was to explore if nanoplastics are taken up by forest trees species
through leaves or roots. In greenhouse experiments, we exposed leaves or roots of seedling of two forest
trees species to solutions with highly 13C-labelled polystyrene nanoparticles (13C-nPS, 99 atom%) and
examined if they were incorporated in different above- and belowground tissues.

Treated part of the trees for both species showed significant 13C-enrichment, indicating that trees take up nanoparticles. However, the overall 13C signal strength in tissues that were not exposed to the 13C label remained low (Δδ13C<1‰) and was confined to a few seedlings, leaving it ambiguous whether nanoplastic transport occurs or not.

We acknowledge that the new method developed might be not sensitive enough to unequivocally detect
mechanisms of nanoplastic uptake and transport at environmentally realistic concentrations.

forest-trees

display_name: forest-trees

nanoplastic

display_name: nanoplastic

polystyrene

display_name: polystyrene

uptake

display_name: uptake

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Nanoplastics in forests: Exploring the effects of nanoplastics on forest soils and tree physiology (NanoPlast)


en: aerosol ccn hygroscopicity cloud-droplets hac2

en: This repository contains the datasets that were used for used for the paper:: Drivers of Droplet Formation in East Mediterranean Orographic Clouds, EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-490, 2024.

aerosol

display_name: aerosol

ccn

display_name: ccn

cloud-droplets

display_name: cloud-droplets

hygroscopicity

display_name: hygroscopicity

en: Dataset for the publication Drivers of Droplet Formation in East Mediterranean Orographic Clouds


en: biodiversity extreme-habitat swiss-alps glaciers conservation permafrost active-layer arctic collections bacteria plastisphere fungi biobank

en: Complete collection of bacterial and fungal isolates from Permafrost, active layer and glaciers in Switzerland, Svalbard, northern Greenland and Russia.

en:
The cold habitats of the Swiss Alps and the Arctic are undergoing change and are at risk of disappearing completely or partially in the future. Along with them, a poorly known diversity of microorganisms that have adapted to life in these supposedly hostile places. By cryopreserving microorganisms from these habitats, some of today's biodiversity can be preserved in biobanks.
The collection contains cryopreserved bacteria and fungi isolated from permafrost and active layer of Muot da Barba Peider and Val Lavirun, from the glacier forefield and glacier toe of the Damma glacier, from active layer in northern Greenland and from plastic waste in Svalbard, as well as isolates from plastic incubations in Muot da Barba Peider, northern Greenland and arctic Russian soils.
Project overview: https://www.wsl.ch/en/projects/life-at-chilly-temperatures-a-collection-of-microorganisms-from-extreme-habitats/

active-layer

display_name: active-layer

arctic

display_name: arctic

bacteria

display_name: bacteria

biobank

display_name: biobank

biodiversity

display_name: biodiversity

collections

display_name: collections

conservation

display_name: conservation

extreme-habitat

display_name: extreme-habitat

fungi

display_name: fungi

glaciers

display_name: glaciers

permafrost

display_name: permafrost

plastisphere

display_name: plastisphere

swiss-alps

display_name: swiss-alps

en: Life at chilly temperatures - A collection of microorganisms from extreme habitats


envidat-supports-open-science

maintainer: Ionut Iosifescu Enescu

title_for_slug: envidat-supports-open-science

en: open-science envidat research-data-management juypter-notebooks wsl

en: Article as PDF

en:
The article "EnviDat Supports Open Science" originally appeared in WSLintern No. 3 (2020), page 14-15 and it is republished here with permission from the WSLintern editorial team. It contains guidelines for WSL scientists about the main issues behind Open Science and how to pragmatically approach the complexities of doing Open Science with EnviDat’s support.

License: This article is released by WSL and the EnviDat team to the public domain under a Creative Commons 4.0 CC0 "No Rights Reserved" international license. You can reuse the information contained herein in any way you want, for any purposes and without restrictions.

envidat

display_name: envidat

juypter-notebooks

display_name: juypter-notebooks

open-science

display_name: open-science

research-data-management

display_name: research-data-management

wsl

display_name: wsl

en: EnviDat Supports Open Science


automatic-classification-of-avalanches

maintainer: Alec van Herwijnen

title_for_slug: automatic-classification-of-avalanches

en: monitoring machine-learning localization avalanche seismic

en:
This tar file contains classification results for two seismic geophone arrays deployed above Davos, Switzerland. The of the first array located at the Dischma Valley was used to automatically identify all seismic events produced by avalanches, whereas the classification perfomed at the second array located at the Wannengrat field site was used to identify airplanes and earthquakes.
Furthermore, this tar file also contains the median back-azimuth of all classified events at the Dischma field site.

mimetype: application/x-tar

en: This dataset contains the classification and localization results obtained during the automatic classification of avalanches during the winter season 2017.

avalanche

display_name: avalanche

localization

display_name: localization

machine-learning

display_name: machine-learning

monitoring

display_name: monitoring

seismic

display_name: seismic

en: Automatic Classification of Avalanches


en: scenario climate-change policy-action visualization landscape-change

en: Seeland subtitles FR

en:
Scenarios of landscape change under climate change in the Swiss lowlands.
Trailer in French with subtitles.

en: Entremont subtitles DE

en:
Scenarios of landscape change under climate change in the Swiss mountains.
Trailer in German with written subtitles.

en: Entremon subtitles FR

en: Scenarios of landscape change under climate change in the Swiss mountains. Trailer in French with subtitles.

en: Seeland subtitles DE

en:
Scenarios of landscape change under climate change in the Swiss lowlands.
Trailer in German with subtitles.

en:
Short videos showing scenarios of potential landscape development in a 4°C warmer climate for a Swiss mountain region and a region on the Swiss Plateau. The videos are in German or French with subtitles.
The videos' key message is: Climate change will have an impact on the Swiss landscapes. However, according to the strategy chosen to adapt to climate change, society and politics will also have a strong influence on the future landscapes and the services they will provide. If no action is taken to adapt to climate change today, then society will have to react in a hurry at a later point in time. This can often result in resource-intensive technical solutions. Conversely, if society takes action in an anticipatory way already today, nature-based solutions can be implemented more successfully and humans can benefit more from the landscape services..
These short videos are teasers that should make the viewers curious to visit the panorama pictures (https://viergrad.envidat.ch/).

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

landscape-change

display_name: landscape-change

policy-action

display_name: policy-action

scenario

display_name: scenario

visualization

display_name: visualization

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Teaser videos Swiss landscapes under climate change


maintainer: EnviDat Support

en: snow-height snow-profile snow-water-equivalent gcos snow

en: DATA ACCESS

en: STATION METADATA

mimetype: text/plain

en:
This dataset contains long-term snow water equivalent and corresponding snow depth data 11 observer sites in Switzerland between 1200 and 2500 m a.s.l. compiled for the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) and supported by MeteoSwiss. Snow depth (cm) and snow water equivalent (mm) are manually recorded every 2 weeks since the 1947 (depending on station). The attached metadata file gives details for each station.
The measurement series agree with GCOS objectives according to the GCOS Implementation Plan: This inlcudes:
• Raw data are archived in the snow and avalanche database at SLF.
• Measuring techniques are traceable and documented as snow depth and snow water equivalent have in general remained the same since beginning up to now. When planning new systems or changes of existing systems in the future, their impact will be assessed prior to implementation.
• Historical data of these 11 stations have been digitized and all data have been quality controlled.
• Detailed metadata (location of measurements) are available.
• Data gaps for the two most important winter and spring dates were reconstructed based on a published SWE parameterization from co-located snow depth measurements.
• Public availability of the data has been ensured by publishing the data on the Envidat portal (https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/gcos-swe-data).

gcos

display_name: gcos

snow

display_name: snow

snow-height

display_name: snow-height

snow-profile

display_name: snow-profile

snow-water-equivalent

display_name: snow-water-equivalent

en: GCOS SWE data from 11 stations in Switzerland


radar-wind-profiler-davos-wolfgang

maintainer: Maxim Hervo

title_for_slug: radar-wind-profiler-davos-wolfgang

en: wolfgangpass wind-direction wind-speed radar raclets

en: Radar Wind Profiler Data

media_type: application/zip

en: A Vaisala Lap3000 was installed at Davos Wolfgang to record wind profiles. The time format is number of days fom January 0, 0000 in UTC with a 10 minute resolution.

format: ZIP

mimetype: application/zip

en: The RADAR wind profiler from Meteoswiss was installed at Davos Wolfgang (LON: 9.853594, LAT: 46.835577) and measured from 2171 m above sea level to 11079 m, with a temporal resolution of 10 minutes.

raclets

display_name: raclets

radar

display_name: radar

wind-direction

display_name: wind-direction

wind-speed

display_name: wind-speed

wolfgangpass

display_name: wolfgangpass

en: RADAR Wind profiler Davos Wolfgang


maintainer: Anita C. Risch

en: native-plant grassland weed-management non-native-plant herbivory

en: Correction: Data file native and non-native plant interactions in Australian grasslands

en:
taxa tab:	list and overview of all the recorded species

* family:                 family of the plant

* genus:                genus of the plant

* species:                plant species name

* origin:                indicates whether the plant is native to Australia or not (non-native)

* common name:	        common name of the plant species

* functional group:	        functional group of the plant species: forb, graminoid, fern, tree

* functional group detailed:	gives more detail about the type of graminoid and forb: legume, forb (non-leguminous),
                        grass, sedge, rush, fern, tree

* lifeform:                annual or perennial lifeform (species which can have both of these lifeforms where
                        considered as annuals)

plot tab:	list of species found in each plot and their cover (%)

* sampling.session:        provides information about the sampling time:
                        May2020 = data that was collected in May 2020
                        Nov2020 = data that was collected in November 2020

* farm.name:	            name of the farms where the sampling took place:
                        SF = farm of the Southern group
                        NF = farm of the Northern group
                        numbers 1-3 = randomly allocated to the Southern group of farms
                        numbers 4-6 = randomly allocated to the Northern group of farms

* site.type:	                KG: Kangaroo grass dominated site
                        ALG: ALG+KG site (Kangarooo grass and African lovegrass co-dominated site)

* plot.no:                plot number: 9-12

* scientific.name:	        scientific name of the plant species found in a certain plot

* functional group:	        indicates whether the species found is a tree, forb, graminoid or fern

* functional group detailed:	indicates whether the species found is a tree, legume, forb (non-leguminous),
                        grass, sedge, rush, fern

* lifeform:                specifies the lifeform of the species: annual or perennial lifeform
                        (species which can have both of these lifeforms where considered as annuals)

corrections tab:	Detailed description of corrections made in plot.data tab

en:
This dataset contains all data, on which the following publication below is based.

Paper Citation:

_Schlierenzauer, C., Risch, A.C., Schütz, M., Firn, J. 2021. Non-native Eragrostis curvula reduces plant species diversity in pastures of South-eastern Australia even when native Themeda triandra remains co-dominant. Plants 10, 596._

Please cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile.

Study area
The study was conducted in the lowland grassy woodlands of the Bega Valley Region, which is located in the south-east corner of New South Wales, Australia. Embedded between the Pacific Ocean and the Australian Alps, the lowland grassy woodlands are mostly located on granitic substrates and reach elevations of roughly 500 m above sea level. Typically, these grassy woodlands receive less precipitation (mean annual precipitation between 700-1100 mm) compared to the more elevated areas that surround them (NSW Government - Office of Environment and Heritage 2017).
The vegetation is dominated by an open tree canopy layer consisting of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm, Angophora floribunda Sm. (Sweet) and a range of other eucalypt species. Sometimes shrub or small trees are also present, whereas grasses and forbs form the ground-cover. In areas without intensive agricultural history, this layer is dominated by perennial, tussock grasses such as Themeda triandra Forssk, Microlaena stipoides R.Br (Weeping Grass), Eragrostis leptostachya Steud. (Paddock Lovegrass) and Echinopogon ovatus P.Beauv (Forest Hedgehog Grass). The remaining inter-tussock spaces are occupied by a diversity of growth-restricted grasses and herbaceous forbs (NSW - Department of Planing, Industries and Environment 2019; NSW Government - Office of Environment and Heritage 2017).
Clearing, pasture sowing, fertilizer application and livestock grazing resulted in a dramatic decrease in the extent of these natural woodlands, with less than five percent within conservation reserves and overall, with only about 20% of their original extent in New South Wales still existing (Tozer et al. 2010). The remaining areas outside of reserves are threatened by altered fire frequencies, habitat clearing, livestock grazing and especially by non-native plant invasion, particularly Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. For this reason, the grassy woodlands are listed as an endangered ecological community in the NSW state legislation. Additionally, they are considered as critically endangered by the Commonwealth of Australia (Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TSSC) 2013).

Experimental design and sampling
The study was conducted on six farms and in each of them two sites were chosen, representing a paired design. One of the sites at each farm is dominated by native Themeda triandra, the other one co-dominated by non-native Eragrostis curvula and Themeda triandra. All farms are within a radius of approximately 10 km from the town Candelo. Three of the farms are located North (36°40’ to 36°42’ S and 149°38’ to 149°42’ E) and three of them are located South (36°51’ to 36°49’ S and 149°38’ to 149°42’ E) of Candelo.
Non-native herbivores (mainly cattle, sheep and rabbits) and native herbivorous marsupials (mainly kangaroos, wallabies and wombats) are present in the area of these sites. On each site, data was collected within four plots (each 1 x 1 m) in May and November 2020. All plant species found within a plot were recorded and their relative abundance was estimated.

References
NSW - Department of Planing, Industries and Environment. 2019. “Lowland Grassy Woodland in the South East Corner Bioregion - Endangered Ecological Community Listing.” https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/threatened-species/nsw-threatened-species-scientific-committee/determinations/final-determinations/2004-2007/lowland-grassy-woodland-south-east-corner-bioregion-endangered-ecological-community-l (February 18, 2021).
NSW Government - Office of Environment and Heritage. 2017. “Lowland Grassy Woodland in the South East Corner Bioregion - Profile.” https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedSpeciesApp/profile.aspx?id=20070 (January 31, 2021).
Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TSSC). 2013. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) Conservation Advice for Lowland Grassy Woodland in the South East Corner Bioregion. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities/pubs/82-conservation-advice.pdf.
Tozer, Mark et al. 2010. “Native Vegetation of Southeast NSW: A Revised Classification and Map for the Coast and Eastern Tablelands.” Cunninghamia : a journal of plant ecology for eastern Australia 11(3): 359–406.

grassland

display_name: grassland

herbivory

display_name: herbivory

native-plant

display_name: native-plant

non-native-plant

display_name: non-native-plant

weed-management

display_name: weed-management

en: Native and no-native plant interactions in Australian grasslands


maintainer: Rebecca Mott

en: dischmex snow-patch patchy-snow-covers turbulent-sensible-heat-fluxes eddy-covariance-measurements

en: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (R.M. Young Company) in 3.5 m.

en: Output explanation

en: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (R.M. Young Company) in 3.3 m.

en: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific Inc.) in 3.2 m on a daily basis.

en: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific, Inc.) in 2.6 m.

en: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (DA-600, Kaijo-Denki) in 0.3 m on a daily basis.

en: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific Inc.) in 1.7 m on a daily basis.

en: Gletschboden setup

en: Background map based on data © 2014/2016 swisstopo (JD100042)

mimetype: image/png

en: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (R.M. Young Company) in 0.7 m.

en: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific, Inc.) in 2.2 m.

en:
This dataset contains eddy-covariance measurements in the ablation period of 2014-2016. Measurements were taken from two turbulence towers over a long-lasting snow patch, which are 5 m apart from each other (2014 and 2015). The turbulence towers were equipped with two YOUNG ultrasonic anemometers mounted 0.7 m (in 2014) and 3.3 m (in 2015) above snow-free ground, two ultrasonic anemometers (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific, Inc.) mounted at 2.6 m (in 2014) and 2.2 m (in 2015) above snow-free ground and one anemometer (DA-600, Kaijo Denki) mounted at 0.3 m above snow surface.

The measurement setup changed in 2016 and includes a measurement above the snow-free ground in upwind direction (Swiss coordinates: 790191/176689). The measurement tower is equipped with one ultrasonic anemometer (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific, Inc.) in 3.3 m above the snow-free ground. Additionally, one measurement tower is installed above the long-Lasting snow patch and equipped with the same setup as 2015.

Turbulence data were sampled at a frequency of 20 Hz. The processing of the data to quality controlled fluxes has been done with the Biomicrometeorology flux software (Thomas et al., 2009). The program applies plausibility tests and a despiking test after Vickers and Mahrt (1997) on the measured data. The routine further applies a time-lag correction and considers the deployment (e.g. the sonic azimuth). A frequency response correction (Moore, 1986) is done and a three-dimensional rotation is performed. Finally, quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) flags after Foken et al., (2004) are issued and fast Fourier transform power and co-spectra are calculated. The change in snow height is considered in the post-processing for every measurement day. The turbulence data were averaged to 30 minute intervals.

dischmex

display_name: dischmex

eddy-covariance-measurements

display_name: eddy-covariance-measurements

patchy-snow-covers

display_name: patchy-snow-covers

snow-patch

display_name: snow-patch

turbulent-sensible-heat-fluxes

display_name: turbulent-sensible-heat-fluxes

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: DISCHMEX - Impact of extreme land-surface heterogeneity on micrometeorology over spring snow-cover


en: wind-speed climate-change relative-humidity meteo temperature long-term meteorology precipitation swiss-forest-lab par

en: Field station data (NAF)

en: Data file.

en: Site aerial photo (Nationalpark)

en: Site aerial photo from both Nationalpark stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Nationalpark stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Data plot of the field station (NAF)

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

en: Forest station data (NAB)

en: Site photo of the forest station (NAB)

en: Site photo of the forest station from the side.

en: Site photo of the field station (NAF)

en: Site photo of the field station form the side.

en: Data plot of the forest station (NAB)

en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Nationalpark in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural coniferous forest stand (NAB) with mountain pine (_Pinus mugo_; 210 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, NAF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Nationalpark is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

long-term

display_name: long-term

meteo

display_name: meteo

meteorology

display_name: meteorology

par

display_name: par

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

relative-humidity

display_name: relative-humidity

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

temperature

display_name: temperature

en: Nationalpark, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards


maintainer: James W. Kirchner

en: deuterium stable-water-isotopes plynlimon tracer precipitation chloride catchment streamflow

en: Data Set Documentation

en: This file contains a documentation of the data sets, including references to other helpful documentations.

en: Weekly stable water isotopes

en: Data set of weekly stable water isotope data collected at Carreg Wen (precipitation) and Lower Hafren and Tanllwyth (streamflow).

en: 7-hourly stable water istopes

en: Data set of 7-hourly stable water isotope data measured at Carreg Wen (precipitation) and Upper Hafren (streamflow).

en: The data base contains timeseries of stable water isotopes in precipitation and streamflow at Plynlimon, Wales, UK. One data set contains weekly stable water isotope data from the Lower Hafren and Tanllwyth catchments, and the other data set contains 7-hourly stable water isotope data from Upper Hafren. Both data sets also include chloride concentrations in precipitation and streamflow.

catchment

display_name: catchment

chloride

display_name: chloride

deuterium

display_name: deuterium

plynlimon

display_name: plynlimon

stable-water-isotopes

display_name: stable-water-isotopes

streamflow

display_name: streamflow

tracer

display_name: tracer

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Stable water isotopes in precipitation and streamflow at Plynlimon, Wales, UK


en: x-ray-tomography geometrical anisotropy crystallographic elasticity microstructure fem

en:
The study aims to determine the effective elastic properties of snow, firn, and bubbly ice based on microstructural quantities. Anisotropy, one of these quantities (the other being ice volume fraction) in snow and ice, has two types: geometrical and crystallographic, resulting in snow's macroscopic anisotropic elastic behavior. The research focuses on the impact of geometrical anisotropy on potential ice volume fractions in snow and ice. 391 micro-CT images from various locations, including laboratories, the Alps, the Arctic, and Antarctica, were analyzed to achieve this.
 The analysis involved microstructure-based finite element simulations, which inherently consider microstructure and calculate the elasticity tensor. Hashin-Shtrikman bounds were utilized to predict the elastic properties of the microstructure samples. These bounds effectively captured the nonlinear interplay between geometrical anisotropy, captured by the Eshelby tensor and density. HS bounds have the advantage of the correct limiting behavior for low to high-ice volume fractions.
 We derived parameterization for five transversely isotropic elasticity tensor components, requiring only two free parameters. This parameterization was valid for ice volume fractions ranging from 0.06 to 0.93. The analysis employing the Thomsen parameter highlighted the dominance of geometrical anisotropy until an ice volume fraction of 0.7. However, to fully comprehend the elasticity of bubbly ice, a comprehensive approach is necessary to integrate coupled elastic theories that account for both geometrical and crystallographic anisotropy.
This dataset includes a Jupyter notebook with all the necessary functions required to predict the elasticity tensor of snow for the given ice volume fraction and anisotropy. Also, the code contains the least squares optimization function to compute the elasticity tensor for the six components of stress and strain. For example, we consider our dataset to calculate the samples' elasticity tensor and reproduce Fig. 7 from the paper. We take the stress and strain values obtained from load states as input for this example.
Also, a .csv file contains all the microstructural information: ice volume fraction, anisotropy, correlation functions, voxels size, and no. of voxels of the samples and the elasticity tensor obtained from finite element simulations and from present work parameterization.

anisotropy

display_name: anisotropy

crystallographic

display_name: crystallographic

elasticity

display_name: elasticity

fem

display_name: fem

geometrical

display_name: geometrical

microstructure

display_name: microstructure

x-ray-tomography

display_name: x-ray-tomography

en: Effective, anisotropic elasticity tensor of snow, firn, and bubbly ice


maintainer: Frank Techel

en: shapefile snow alps observations avalanches

en: Selected wet snow avalanche activity data Davos, Switzerland (2011-2014)

en: Zip archive with shapefiles for the selected wet snow avalanche polygons, including metadata.

en:
Polygons of wet snow avalanches in the Davos area, as documented by the Swiss avalanche warning service. The georeferenced outlines of the avalanches contain both the release as well as the deposit area, but without separating between both.

The dataset is a subset of the total record of 1615 avalanches classified as wet snow avalanches from October 2011 - September 2014, containing those 255 avalanches exceeding 0.0125 km^2. Every polygon comes with meta data, including the date of occurrence.

This dataset is the underlying dataset to:
Wever, N., Vera Valero, C. and Techel, F. (2018) _Coupled snow cover and avalanche dynamics simulations to evaluate wet snow avalanche activity_. Submitted to J. Geophys. Res., in review.

alps

display_name: alps

avalanches

display_name: avalanches

observations

display_name: observations

shapefile

display_name: shapefile

snow

display_name: snow


en: wind-energy wind lidar atmospheric-dynamics remote-sensing atmospheric-turbulence

en:
This data include wind speeds, wind directions, turbulence, temperature, pressure and humidity data of 10 LiDAR locations along a transect in the Gotthard wind park taken in during the summer of 2023.
The data is quality controlled and annotated according to CF-1.8 data principles. The methods behind this data collection are explained in an article under review called "Resolving three-dimensional wind velocity fields with sequential wind-Doppler LiDAR for wind energy in the complex terrain - Gotthard Pass, Switzerland".

atmospheric-dynamics

display_name: atmospheric-dynamics

atmospheric-turbulence

display_name: atmospheric-turbulence

lidar

display_name: lidar

remote-sensing

display_name: remote-sensing

wind

display_name: wind

wind-energy

display_name: wind-energy

en: Sequential Wind-Doppler LiDAR wind profile measurements on the Gotthard pass in Switzerland - Summer 2023


maintainer: Markus Schlegel

en: monitoring spore-dispersal air-sampling environmental-dna metabarcoding

en: Data files and analysis scripts (Version 1)

en: This ZIP archive contains the data and source code necessary to reproduce the analyses for the manuscript "A case study on the application of spore sampling for the monitoring of fungi". Please refer to README.pdf inside the archive for more information.

en: Data files and analysis scripts (Version 2)

en: This ZIP archive contains the data and source code necessary to reproduce the analyses for the manuscript "A case study on the application of spore sampling for the monitoring of macrofungi". Please refer to README.pdf inside the archive for more information.

en:
Resources associated with the manuscript *A case study on the application of spore sampling for the monitoring of macrofungi* ([Schlegel et al. 2024](https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13941)).
Airborne environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring of fungi was evaluated on a species-rich grassland site. Extensive fruiting body surveys yielded 29 waxcap and clavarioid species, 19 of which were also detectable in air eDNA. The analysis indicates that spores of locally occurring fruiting bodies were detected, in addition to a large diversity of common fungal species, while rare and threatened species were under-represented in the air.
*Version 1* of the dataset was submitted during the review phase. *Version 2* contains minor changes and clarifications, and is up to date with the [published supplement](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1111%2F1755-0998.13941&file=men13941-sup-0001-AppendixS1.pdf) of the study.
The contents of the ZIP archive:
* analysis scripts in [R-Markdown](https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com) format, including the rendered PDF output with figures and tables (*analysis* directory)
* eDNA sample metadata (*amplicon_meta*) and results of the amplicon clustering (*amplicon_data*) and the source code of the pipeline (*amplicon_pipeline*)
* positions of all fruiting body groups found in the surveys (3838 GPS points) (*surveys*)
* positions of the spore traps, taxonomy of studied grassland fungi and red-list species, and many more resources
Please refer to `README.pdf` inside the archive for a complete description of the file structure and information on how to reproduce the analyses.

air-sampling

display_name: air-sampling

environmental-dna

display_name: environmental-dna

metabarcoding

display_name: metabarcoding

monitoring

display_name: monitoring

spore-dispersal

display_name: spore-dispersal

en: Supporting information for case study on the application of spore sampling for the monitoring of macrofungi


soil-respiration-exclosure-experiment

title_for_slug: soil-respiration-exclosure-experiment

en: soil-respiration grazing subalpine ungulates grassland

en: Soil respiration Switzerland

en:
ID: Fence number

Year	:Year of sampling

mean.CO2: soil respiration measured with PP-systems SRC-1 soil respriation chamber attached to a EGM-4 infrared gas analyser; units CO2 g m-2 h-1

Grassland: Grasslands where fences were errected. Note that on large grasslands (STAB, GRIM, MING) 2 pairs of fences were errected (2 in short, 2 in tall-grass vegetation), on small grasslands (DADA, MARG, BOTS) only one pair of fences was errected (1 short-grass; one-tallgrass vegetation)

Fence: Fence number; un-even numbers on short-grass vegetation (1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17), even numbers on tall-grass vegetation (2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18)

Vegetation:	1 = shortgrass vegetation, 2 = tall-grass vegetation (9 replicate fences on each vegetation type)

Treatment	: 1 = all herbivores grazing, 2 = large ungulates (red deer, chamois) excluded

en:
Location of data collection
The Swiss National Park (SNP) is located in the southeastern part of Switzerland, and covers an area of 170 km2, 50 km2 of which is forested, 33 km2 is occupied by alpine and 3 km2 by subalpine grasslands. Elevations range from 1350 to 3170 m a.s.l., and mean annual precipitation and temperature are 871 mm and 0.6°C measured at the Park’s weather station in Buffalora (1980 m a.s.l.) between 1960 and 2009 (MeteoSchweiz 2011). Founded in 1914, the SNP received minimal human disturbance for almost 100 years (no hunting, fishing, or camping, visitors are not allowed to leave the trails). Large (> 1 ha) homogeneous patches of short- and tall-grass vegetation characterize the subalpine grasslands. The average vegetation height of short-grass vegetation is 2 to 5 cm. Red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), quaking grass (Briza media L.) and common bent grass (Agrostis tenuis Sipthrob) are the predominating plant species in this vegetation type. Tussocks of evergreen sedge (Carex sempervirens Vill.) and mat grass (Nardus stricta L.) are predominant in the tall-grass vegetation, which averages 20 cm in vegetation height (Schütz and others 2006). Short-grass vegetation developed in areas where cattle and sheep rested (high nutrient input) during agricultural land-use (from 14th century until 1914); tall-grass vegetation developed in areas where cattle and sheep used to graze, but did not rest (Schütz and others 2003, 2006). Herbivores were shown to consume > 60% of the biomass in short-grass compared to < 20% in tall-grass vegetation (Schütz and others 2006). The herbivore community present in the SNP can be divided into four groups based on body size/weight: large [red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and chamois (Rupricapra rupricapra L.); 30 - 150 kg], medium [marmot (Marmota marmota L.) and snow hare (Lepus timidus L.); 3 – 6 kg], and small vertebrate herbivores (small rodents: e.g. Clethrionomys spp., Microtus spp., Apodemus spp.; 30 – 100 g) as well as invertebrates (e.g. grasshoppers, caterpillars, cicadas, < 5 g).

Experimental design
We selected 18 subalpine grassland sites (9 short-grass, 9 tall-grass vegetation). The sites were spread across the entire park on dolomite parent material at altitudes of 1975 to 2300 meters. At each site we established an exclosure network (fences) in spring 2009 (early June), immediately after snowmelt. Each exclosure network consisted of a total of five 2 × 3 m sized plots that progressively excluded the different herbivores listed above (further labeled according to the herbivore guilds that had access to the respective plots “All”, “Marmot/Mice/Invertebrates”, “Mice/Invertebrates”, “Invertebrates”, “None”). The “All” treatment was thus accessible to all herbivores, was not fenced and was located at least 5 m away from a 2.1 m tall and 7 × 9 m main fence that enclosed the other four treatments. This fence was constructed of 10 × 10 cm wooden posts and electrical equestrian tape (AGRARO ECO, Landi, Bern, Switzerland; 20 mm width) mounted at 0.7 m, 0.95 m, 1.2 m, 1.5 m and 2.1 m above the ground that were connected to a solar charged battery (AGRARO Sunpower S250, Landi, Bern, Switzerland). We also mounted non-electrically charged equestrian tape at 0.5 m to help exclude deer and chamois, yet allow marmots and hares to enter safely. Within each main fenced area we randomly established four 2 × 3 m plots: (1) The “Marmot/Mice/Invertebrates” plot remained unfenced, thus, with the exception of red deer and chamois, all herbivores were able to access the plot, (2) The “Mice/Invertebrates” plot consisted of a 90 cm high electric sheep fence (AGRARO Weidezaunnetz ECO, Landi, Bern, Switzerland; mesh size 10 × 10 cm) connected to the solar panel and excluded all medium sized mammals (marmots, hares), but provided access for small mammals and invertebrates, (3) The “Invertebrates” plot provided access for invertebrates only and was surrounded by 1 m high metal mesh (Hortima AG, Hausen, Schweiz; mesh size 2 × 2 cm), (4) The “None” plot was surrounded by a 1 m tall mosquito net (Sala Ferramenta AG, Biasca, Switzerland; mesh size 1.5 × 2 mm) to exclude all herbivores. This plot was covered with a roof constructed of a wooden frame lined with mosquito mesh that was mounted on the wooden corner posts. We also treated this plot with a biocompatible insecticide (Clean kill original, Eco Belle GmbH, Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany) when needed to remove insects that might have entered during data collection or that hatched from the soil.

!!! The here published data set only contains data for “All”, and “Marmot/Mice/Invertebrates” (= ungulates excluded) plots !!!

Data collection
In-situ soil CO2 emissions were measured with a PP-Systems SRC-1 soil respiration chamber (closed circuit) attached to a PP-Systems EGM-4 infrared gas analyzer (PP-Systems, Amesbury, MA, USA) on two randomly selected locations on one subplot within each of the 90 plots. For each measurement the soil chamber (15 cm high; 10 cm diameter) was placed on a permanently installed PVC collar (10 cm diameter) driven five centimeters into the soil at the beginning of the study (June 2009). The measurements were conducted between 0900 and 1700 hours every two weeks from early to early September 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2013. Freshly germinated plants growing within the PVC collars were removed prior to each measurement to avoid measuring plant respiration/photosynthesis. The two measurements collected per plot every two weeks were averaged.

Please acknowledge the funding of the study: funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, SNF grant-no 31003A_122009/1 to Anita C. Risch, Martin Schütz and Flurin Filli

grassland

display_name: grassland

grazing

display_name: grazing

soil-respiration

display_name: soil-respiration

subalpine

display_name: subalpine

ungulates

display_name: ungulates

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Soil respiration - exclosure experiment


en: edna actinopterygii fish-composition metabarcoding atlantic-region teleo chondrichthyes bayofbiscay

en: Data access

en:
Environmental DNA complements scientific trawling in surveys of marine fish biodiversity (Dataset 2019)
In October 2019 we chose 15 sites from the 2019 EVHOE survey for eDNA sampling. The French international EVHOE bottom trawl survey is carried out annually during autumn in the BoB to monitor demersal fish resources. At each site, we sampled seawater using Niskin bottles deployed with a circular rosette. There were nine bottles on the rosette, each of them able to hold ∼5 l of water. At each site, we first cleaned the circular rosette and bottles with freshwater, then lowered the rosette (with bottles open) to 5 m above the sea bottom, and finally closed the bottles remotely from the boat. The 45 l of sampled water was transferred to four disposable and sterilized plastic bags of 11.25 l each to perform the filtration on-board in a laboratory dedicated to the processing of eDNA samples. To speed up the filtration process, we used two identical filtration devices, each composed of an Athena® peristaltic pump (Proactive Environmental Products LLC, Bradenton, Florida, USA; nominal flow of 1.0 l min–1 ), a VigiDNA 0.20 μm filtration capsule (SPYGEN, le Bourget du Lac, France), and disposable sterile tubing. Each filtration device filtered the water contained in two plastic bags (22.5 l), which represent two replicates per sampling site. We followed a rigorous protocol to avoid contamination during fieldwork, using disposable gloves and single-use filtration equipment and plastic bags to process each water sample. At the end of each filtration, we emptied the water inside the capsule that we replaced by 80 ml of CL1 conservation buffer and stored the samples at room temperature following the specifications of the manufacturer (SPYGEN, Le Bourget du Lac, France). We processed the eDNA capsules at SPYGEN, following the protocol proposed by Polanco-Fernández et al., (2020). We performed library preparation and sequencing at Fasteris (Geneva, Switzerland). Specifically, we prepared four libraries using the MetaFast protocol (a ligation-based method) and sequenced them separately. We carried out paired-end sequencing using a MiSeq sequencer (2 × 125 bp, Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) on two MiSeq Flow Cell Kits (v3; Illumina), following the manufacturer’s instructions. We analysed the sequence reads using the OBITools package (http://metabarcoding.org/obitools; Boyer et al., 2016), following the protocol described by Valentini et al. (2016).
Data content:
	* rawdata/: contains the raw reads for each individual sample. One archive contains the paired-end reads specified by the _R1 or _R2 suffix as well as individually tagged PCR replicates (if available) together with an archive containing all extraction and PCR blank samples of the library. Reads have been demultiplexed using cutadapt but not trimmed, individual demultiplexing tags and primers remain present in the sequences.
	* taxadata/: contains the table with all detected taxonomy for each sample after bioinformatic processing (see Polanco et al. 2020 for details; https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.140) and associated field metadata.
	* metadata/: contains two metadata files, one related to the data collected in the field for each filter, and the second related to the sequencing process in the lab (including the tag sequence, library name, and marker information for each sample)

actinopterygii

display_name: actinopterygii

atlantic-region

display_name: atlantic-region

bayofbiscay

display_name: bayofbiscay

chondrichthyes

display_name: chondrichthyes

edna

display_name: edna

fish-composition

display_name: fish-composition

teleo

display_name: teleo

en: Environmental DNA Marine France Evhoe 2019


en: uav gletscher dem sankt-annafirn dsm orthophoto alps griesgletscher glacier orthoimage findelengletscher drone

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Griesgletscher on the 13th of September 2016.

en: Bulk Data Access

en: Link to the S3 bucket where all the data resources can be downloaded in bulk

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Findelengletscher on the 21th of July 2015.

en: This folder contains all UAV flights paths that we created for the Sankt Annafirn, the Findelengletscher and Griesgletscher. They have been created with the software eMotion2, that was developped for the eBee platform from Sensefly.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Findelengletscher on the 19th of April 2016.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Findelengletscher on the 15th of September 2015.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Findelengletscher on the 2nd of July 2016.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Sankt Annafirn on the 15th of April 2015.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Findelengletscher on the 22th of September 2016.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Griesgletscher on the 26th of September 2015.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Findelengletscher on the 09th of April 2015.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Findelengletscher on the 30th of August 2016.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Sankt Annafirn on the 28th of September 2015.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Sankt Annafirn on the 15th of July 2015.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Griesgletscher on the 3rd of August 2015.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Griesgletscher on the 15th of August 2015.

en: This .pdf contains an orthoimage for each dataset as well as a Table which displays the number of flights made, image acquired, number of GCP set and the total area covered.

en:
 UAV-derived DSMs and orthoimages

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) surveys were conducted between 2015 and 2016 on the Sankt Annafirn, Findelen- and Griesgletscher, situated in the Swiss Alps. Three surveys at the Sankt Annafirn allowed for a full glacier coverage, four surveys at Griesgletscher allowed an almost full glacier coverage and seven surveys at Findelengletscher allowed for a partial coverage of the glacier tongue (see individual datasets for exact extent). For each survey, a high resolution orthoimage and a Digital Surface Model (DSM) was created.

 UAV surveys:

Prior flight, Ground Control Points (GCPs) were deployed on the glacier surface and measured with a differential GPS (Trimble R7 or Leica GPS 1200). They allowed precise georeferencing of the UAV-derived datasets. UAV flight plans were planned with the software *eMotion 2* and a SenseFly eBee was used as surveying platform. The images were then processed with the software Agisoft Photoscan Pro 1.1.6 .

The location and dates of each survey can be found in the table together with the number of flights performed (Nflights), the number of acquired images (Nimages), the number of GCPs set (NGCPs) and the surveyed area.

A folder for each dataset is available (see folder name in table), which contains:

- An orthoimage *glacier_date_photoscan_oi_CH1903+_LV95_0.1m.tif*

- A Digital Surface Model *glacier_date_photoscan_dsm_CH1903+_LV95_0.1m.tif*

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report  *glacier_date_photoscan_report.pdf*

where:

- *glacier* is the name of the surveyed glacier

- *date* is the date of the UAV image acquisition

- *photoscan* is the name of the photogrammetric software

- *oi* or *dsm* the type of dataset

- *CH1903+_LV95* is the coordinate system and datum of the dataset

- *0.1m* is the resolution of the dataset in meter

- *.tif* is the extention of the dataset

Details about the UAV surveys, the image processing and the accuracy of the UAV-derived products can be found in this publication below.

Paper Citation:
 > _Gindraux et al. 2017. Accuracy Assessment of Digital Surface Models from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles’Imagery on Glaciers, Remote Sensing, 9, 186, 1-15, [doi: 10.3390/rs9020186](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9020186)._

The folder UAV_flight_paths.zip contains all UAV flights performed on the Sankt Annafirn, Findelengletscher and Griesgletscher. The flights were planned with the software eMotion2 and have the .afp extention.

alps

display_name: alps

dem

display_name: dem

drone

display_name: drone

dsm

display_name: dsm

findelengletscher

display_name: findelengletscher

glacier

display_name: glacier

gletscher

display_name: gletscher

griesgletscher

display_name: griesgletscher

orthoimage

display_name: orthoimage

orthophoto

display_name: orthophoto

sankt-annafirn

display_name: sankt-annafirn

uav

display_name: uav

en: UAV-derived Digital Surface Models and orthoimages for three alpine glaciers


maintainer: Tessa Hegetschweiler

en: forest recreational-activities adolescents childhood teenagers

en: Dataset survey at schools

en: The dataset of the questionnaire survey at schools in excel format.

en: Survey at schools 2017

en: The dataset of the questionnaire survey at schools in SPSS-format.

en: Questionnaire school survey

en: The questionnaire used in the survey at 8 schools aimed at teenagers in German.

en: Dataset comments

en: The codebook to the dataset

en: The data results from a questionnaire survey conducted at 8 schools in the cantons Zurich, Aargau and St. Gallen. Respondents aged 13-22 years. The aim of the survey was to gain insight into teenagers' relationship to the forest, reasons for visiting or not visiting the forest and activities in the forest.

adolescents

display_name: adolescents

childhood

display_name: childhood

forest

display_name: forest

recreational-activities

display_name: recreational-activities

teenagers

display_name: teenagers

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Factors influencing teenagers' forest visit frequency


en: liverwort functional-taxonomic-groups biodiversity functional-taxonomic-group lichen moss disturbance bryophyte-life-strategy bryophyte endemic climate-change-impact lichen-growth-form climate-change lichen-growthform endemic-species madeira-island elevational-gradient photobiont

en: MadCrypto – Bryophyte and macrolichen diversity in laurel forests of Madeira

en:
This dataset includes species lists of bryophytes and macrolichens (presence/absence) sampled on the forest floor and on trees in disturbed and undisturbed plots along elevation gradients in the laurel forests of Madeira island. It also contains species specific information (bryophytes: red list status, endemic status, taxonomic group, life strategy; macrolichens: photobiont type, growth form) as well as plot information (Plot_ID, sampling date, coordinates, elevation a.s.l. (m), disturbance type, sampled host tree species).

The dataset was used for the paper
Boch S, Martins A, Ruas S, Fontinha S, Carvalho P, Reis F, Bergamini A, Sim-Sim M (2019) Bryophyte and macrolichen diversity show contrasting elevation relationships and are negatively affected by disturbances in laurel forests of Madeira island. Journal of Vegetation Science.

en:
This dataset includes species lists of bryophytes and macrolichens (presence/absence) sampled on the forest floor and on trees in disturbed and undisturbed plots along elevation gradients in the laurel forests of Madeira island. It also contains species specific information (bryophytes: red list status, endemic status, taxonomic group, life strategy; macrolichens: photobiont type, growth form) as well as plot information (Plot_ID, sampling date, coordinates, elevation a.s.l. (m), disturbance type, sampled host tree species).

The dataset was used for the paper
Boch S, Martins A, Ruas S, Fontinha S, Carvalho P, Reis F, Bergamini A, Sim-Sim M (2019) Bryophyte and macrolichen diversity show contrasting elevation relationships and are negatively affected by disturbances in laurel forests of Madeira island. Journal of Vegetation Science 30: 1122–1133.

The excel file contains 5 sheets:
1) Plot information
2) Bryophyte data with species specific information, separated per substrate
3) Macrolichen data with species specific information, separated per substrate
4) Bryophyte data with species specific information (plot level data). Species lists of the two substrates were merged; if one substrate in a plot hosted a species identified only to genus level (genus spec.) but the second investigated substrate hosted an identified species of the same genus, we removed the genus spec. entry in the particular plot. The species list of sheet 2 and 4 might therefore differ slightly.
5) Macrolichen data with species specific information (plot level data). Species lists of the two substrates were merged; if one substrate in a plot hosted a species identified only to genus level (genus spec.) but the second investigated substrate hosted an identified species of the same genus, we removed the genus spec. entry in the particular plot. The species list of sheet 3 and 5 might therefore differ slightly.

biodiversity

display_name: biodiversity

bryophyte

display_name: bryophyte

bryophyte-life-strategy

display_name: bryophyte-life-strategy

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

climate-change-impact

display_name: climate-change-impact

disturbance

display_name: disturbance

elevational-gradient

display_name: elevational-gradient

endemic

display_name: endemic

endemic-species

display_name: endemic-species

functional-taxonomic-group

display_name: functional-taxonomic-group

functional-taxonomic-groups

display_name: functional-taxonomic-groups

lichen

display_name: lichen

lichen-growth-form

display_name: lichen-growth-form

lichen-growthform

display_name: lichen-growthform

liverwort

display_name: liverwort

madeira-island

display_name: madeira-island

moss

display_name: moss

photobiont

display_name: photobiont


en: inp-parameterization aerosol-cloud-interactions biological-particles aerosol-source-apportionment ice-nucleation

en: This dataset includes all processed and raw data in the paper titled "Biological and dust aerosol as sources of ice nucleating particles in the Eastern Mediterranean: source apportionment, atmospheric processing and parameterization"

en:
This repository contains all observational data sets during CALISHTO campaign used for the paper:
Gao, K., Vogel, F., Foskinis, R., Vratolis, S., Gini, M. I., Granakis, K., Billault-Roux, A.-C., Georgakaki, P., Zografou, O., Fetfatzis, P., Berne, A., Papagiannis, A., Eleftheridadis, K., Möhler, O., and Nenes, A.: Biological and dust aerosol as sources of ice nucleating particles in the Eastern Mediterranean: source apportionment, atmospheric processing and parameterization, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-511, 2024.

aerosol-cloud-interactions

display_name: aerosol-cloud-interactions

aerosol-source-apportionment

display_name: aerosol-source-apportionment

biological-particles

display_name: biological-particles

ice-nucleation

display_name: ice-nucleation

inp-parameterization

display_name: inp-parameterization

en: CALISHTO campaign dataset for the publication Biological and Dust Aerosols as Sources of Ice-nucleating Particles in the Eastern Mediterranean


wind-lidar-davos-wolfgang

title_for_slug: wind-lidar-davos-wolfgang

en: wolfgangpass profiles raclets lidar wind

en: Wind LIDAR data Wolfgang

en: A Leosphere WidCube 100S was deployed at Davos Wolfang, measuring wind profiles as well as performing PPI and RHI scans. Time format is in UTC with highest time resolution of 5 seconds.

en: Scanning wind Lidar from Meteoswiss was installed at Davos Wolfgang (LON: 9.853594, LAT: 46.835577) and measured from 200 m above ground to 8100 m. The time resolution is up to 5 seconds. The Lidar was measuring wind profiles but also performed plan position indicator (PPI) and range height indicator (RHI) scans.

lidar

display_name: lidar

profiles

display_name: profiles

raclets

display_name: raclets

wind

display_name: wind

wolfgangpass

display_name: wolfgangpass

en: Wind LIDAR Davos Wolfgang


maintainer: Frank Hagedorn

en: soil-temperature nitrogen phosphorus forest-topsoil nutrient-fluxes seasons zero-tension-lysimeters beech dissolved-organic-phosphorus fertilization

en:
Data on dissolved organic and inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in leachates and their corresponding
fluxes from the litter layer, the Oe/Oa horizon, and the A horizon of two German beech forest sites.
Leachate samples were taken in April 2018, July 2018, October 2018, Feb./Mar. 2019, and July 2019
with zero-tension lysimeters after artificial irrigation. Soil samples were taken in July 2019.
For more details please refer to the publication.

beech

display_name: beech

dissolved-organic-phosphorus

display_name: dissolved-organic-phosphorus

fertilization

display_name: fertilization

forest-topsoil

display_name: forest-topsoil

nitrogen

display_name: nitrogen

nutrient-fluxes

display_name: nutrient-fluxes

phosphorus

display_name: phosphorus

seasons

display_name: seasons

soil-temperature

display_name: soil-temperature

zero-tension-lysimeters

display_name: zero-tension-lysimeters

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Phosphorus and nitrogen leaching from beech forest soils


en: snow winter-energy-production photovoltaic albedo shortwave-radiation

en: Data Forward Scattering

en: GROUNDEYE model for multiple forward scattering in snow-covered terrain. Meteorological and topographical input data set for the Meierhofertäli near Davos, Switzerland, September 2017 - August 2018. Output data for September 2017 - August 2018 at hourly resolution and every pixel. Post-processing scripts for plotting and analysis.

en:
 Overview
We present GROUNDEYE, a new model of radiative transfer over mountainous terrain, which considers for the first time the forward scattering properties of snow.
Embedded in the surface process model Alpine3D, the new terrain radiation model GROUNDEYE receives interpolated real weather data with diffuse and direct broadband shortwave radiation for each pixel as well as a spatially variable plane albedo from the module SNOWPACK.

 Format
The GROUNDEYE model is written in c++, as is the entire environment of Alpine3d. The input and output data sets are .xlsx or .txt format, pre- and postprocessing including the generation of all figures is in .R format.

 Structure
In Data_Forward_Scattering.zip you will find all necessary data and model details to
reproduce the results of the JGR publication "How forward-scattering snow and terrain change the Alpine radiation balance with application to solar panels"

 - 	Model Input Data contains the meteorological and topographic input data sets, the BRDF, and preprocessing scripts.
 - Model Code contains the full model Alpine3d including the radiative transfer module GROUNDEYE.
 - Model Output Data contains the results of the simulation of terrain irradiance and irradiance of solar panels; hourly resolution, 1. Sptember 2017 - 31. August 2018.
 - Measurements Solar Testsite contains information and measurements of the solar testsite at the Totalp near Davos, Switzerland.
 - Postprocessing contains all R-Scripts used for the analysis and
plotting of the corresponding data.

In each of these folders you will find detailed information in
the file 'About this Folder.txt'.

albedo

display_name: albedo

photovoltaic

display_name: photovoltaic

shortwave-radiation

display_name: shortwave-radiation

snow

display_name: snow

winter-energy-production

display_name: winter-energy-production

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Data, Code Link and Metadata on Forward Scattering of Snow at Totalp


maintainer: Benjamin Reuter

en: snow-cover-modeling crocus snow avalanche weissfluhjoch snow-instability avalanche-danger snowpack avalanche-activity avalanche-problem-type

en: 1999-2017 Avalanche problem types from SNOWPACK

en:
Avalanche problem types were derived from snow cover simulations with the model SNOWPACK at the Weissfluhjoch study plot, Davos, CH.
The data cover the winter seasons between 1999-2017 and include the simulated annual frequencies of new snow, wind slab, persistent weak layer, aging-persistent weak layer and wet snow problem types.
The data are shown in Figure 8 in Reuter et al. (2021).

en: 2015-2016 Avalanche problem types from SNOWPACK

en:
Avalanche problem types were derived from a snow cover simulation with the model SNOWAPCK for the winter season 2015-2016 at the Weissfluhjoch study plot, Davos, CH.
The data cover the period 01.01.2016-30.04.2016. The binary indicator (0,1) tells whether an avalanche problem type was identified in the snow cover simulation (1) or not (0).
The data are presented in Figure 7 in Reuter et al. (2021).

en: 2015-2016 Avalanche problem types from Crocus

en:
Avalanche problem types were derived from a snow cover simulation with the model Crocus for the winter season 2015-2016 at the Weissfluhjoch study plot, Davos, CH.
The data cover the period 01.01.2016-30.04.2016. The binary indicator (0,1) tells whether an avalanche problem type was identified in the snow cover simulation (1) or not (0).
The data are presented in Figure 7 in Reuter et al. (2021).

en: 2015-2016 Seismic avalanche acitivity catalogue

en:
Avalanches were indentified in seismic data recorded by two seismic arrays, one deployed at Wannengrat (2,500 m) and another one deployed in the Dischma valley (2,000 m).
The data cover the period from 01.01.2016 - 30.04.2016 and are presented in Figure 7 in Reuter et al. (2021).

en: 1999-2017 Avalanche problem types from Crocus

en:
Avalanche problem types were derived from snow cover simulations with the model Crocus at the Weissfluhjoch study plot, Davos, CH.
The data cover the winter seasons between 1999-2017 and include the simulated annual frequencies of new snow, wind slab, persistent weak layer, aging-persistent weak layer and wet snow problem types.
The data are presented in Figure 8 in Reuter et al. (2021).

en:
Avalanche problem types were derived from snow cover simulations with the models Crocus and SNOWPACK at the Weissfluhjoch study plot, Davos, CH. The data include annual frequencies of avalanche problem types for the seasons 1999-2017 and daily presence of avalanche problem types for the period 01.01.2016 - 30.04.2016.
Avalanche activity was derived from two seismic sensor arrays deployed no further than 15 km from Weissfluhjoch, Davos, CH. The data cover the period 01.01.2016 - 30.04.2016.

avalanche

display_name: avalanche

avalanche-activity

display_name: avalanche-activity

avalanche-danger

display_name: avalanche-danger

avalanche-problem-type

display_name: avalanche-problem-type

crocus

display_name: crocus

snow-cover-modeling

display_name: snow-cover-modeling

snow-instability

display_name: snow-instability

snowpack

display_name: snowpack

weissfluhjoch

display_name: weissfluhjoch

en: Simulated avalanche problem types and seismic avalanche activity around Weissfluhjoch


maintainer: Athanasios Nenes

en: wolfgangpass cloud-modeling raclets sigma-w supersaturation cloud-droplets

en: Predicted cloud droplet numbers (kappa=0.25) Weissfluhjoch

en:
In-situ measurements of aerosol size distributions along with updraft velocities collected from a wind Doppler Lidar are coupled with a state-of-the art droplet activation parameterization (Morales and Nenes, 2014) to determine the cloud droplet number and maximum in-cloud supersaturation that can potentially form over the Davos Wolfgang station between February 24 and March 8 2019. For this, as a sensitivity test, a hygroscopicity parameter of 0.25 is assumed, which is the upper limit determined from the analysis carried out for Weissfluhjoch (https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/ccn-hygroscopicity-predicted-cloud-droplet-numbers-weissfluhjoch). The data file contains:

* Date and time (DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm:ss) in UTC
* The wind-lidar derived standard deviation of updraft velocities (sigma-w) in m/s, used to apply the parameterization employing a single characteristic velocity (Morales and Nenes, 2010)
* The maximum predicted cloud parcel supersaturation (Smax%)
* The total in-situ aerosol number concentration (Naer) in cmˉ³, measured by the SMPS
* The predicted cloud droplet numbers (Nd) in cmˉ³
* The activation fraction (%)

en: Predicted cloud droplet numbers (kappa=0.1) Davos Wolfgang

en:
In-situ measurements of aerosol size distributions along with updraft velocities collected from a wind Doppler Lidar are coupled with a state-of-the art droplet activation parameterization (Morales and Nenes, 2014) to determine the cloud droplet number and maximum in-cloud supersaturation that can potentially form over the Davos Wolfgang station between February 24 and March 8 2019. For this, as a sensitivity test, a hygroscopicity parameter of 0.1 is assumed, which is the lower limit determined from the analysis carried out for Weissfluhjoch (https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/ccn-hygroscopicity-predicted-cloud-droplet-numbers-weissfluhjoch). The data file contains:

* Date and time (DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm:ss) in UTC
* The wind-lidar derived standard deviation of updraft velocities (sigma-w) in m/s, used to apply the parameterization employing a single characteristic velocity (Morales and Nenes, 2010)
* The maximum predicted cloud parcel supersaturation (Smax%)
* The total in-situ aerosol number concentration (Naer) in cmˉ³, measured by the SMPS
* The predicted cloud droplet numbers (Nd) in cmˉ³
* The activation fraction (%)

en: Cloud droplet properties were predicted between February 24 and March 8 2019 for the measurement site Davos Wolfgang (1630 m a.s.l., LON: 9.853594, LAT: 46.835577). Droplet calculations are carried out with the physically based aerosol activation parameterization of Morales and Nenes (2014), employing the “characteristic velocity” approach of Morales and Nenes (2010). Aerosol size distribution observations required to predict the cloud droplet numbers and maximum in-cloud supersaturation are obtained from a Scanning Mobility Particle Size Spectrometer (SMPS) instrument deployed at Davos Wolfgang (https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/aerosol-data-davos-wolfgang). The required vertical velocity measurements are derived from the wind Doppler Lidar (https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/lidar-wind-profiler-data) deployed at the same station and are extracted from the first bin of the instrument, being 200 m above ground level. The hygroscopic properties of the particles measured at Davos Wolfgang could not be estimated, owing to a lack of concurrent CCN measurements. As a sensitivity test, droplet calculations are performed assuming two different values of the aerosol hygroscopicity parameter, 0.1 and 0.25, based on the analysis carried out for Weissfluhjoch. Additional information can be found in Section 2.3 [here](https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/acp-2020-1036/).

cloud-droplets

display_name: cloud-droplets

cloud-modeling

display_name: cloud-modeling

raclets

display_name: raclets

sigma-w

display_name: sigma-w

supersaturation

display_name: supersaturation

wolfgangpass

display_name: wolfgangpass

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Predicted cloud droplet numbers Davos Wolfgang


en: snowmelt soil-moisture discharge hydrology climate-change precipitation

en: Shapefile of 307 catchments in Switzerland

en: Shapefile of the 307 medium-sized catchments in Switzerland. The "gridcode" provides the ID of the catchment used in the datafiles.

en: Daily simulated data for the reference period

en: Daily simulated discharge, precipitation, snowmelt, and soil moisture for the reference period 1981-2017 in mm.

en: Daily simulated data for the future period

en: Daily simulated discharge, precipitation, snowmelt, and soil moisture for the period 1981-2100 in mm for the 307 catchments.

en:
Daily discharge and the related hydro-meteorological variables precipitation, snowmelt, and soil moisture are provided for current (1981-2017) and for future climate conditions (1981-2100) for 307 medium-sized catchments in Switzerland. The catchments have a median catchment area of 117 km². The 307 catchments together form a set representative of the climatological conditions and runoff characteristics in Switzerland. The four variables were simulated at a daily resolution using the hydrological model PREVAH. PREVAH is a conceptual process-based model that was run in this study in its fully distributed version on a 500 m grid (Viviroli et al. 2009a). For the calibration, runoff time series from 140 mesoscale catchments covering the different runoff regimes were used. The model calibration was conducted over the period 1993-1997. Verification was performed on the period 1983-2005 using (i) volumetric deviation (Viviroli et al. 2007) and (ii) benchmark efficiency (Schäfli et al 2007) as objective functions. The calibration and validation procedures are described in detail in Köplin et al. (2010). The parameters for each model grid cell were derived by regionalizing the parameters obtained for the 140 catchments with a procedure based on ordinary kriging (Viviroli et al. 2009b, Köplin et al. 2010).
The calibrated and validated model was then driven with transient meteorological data (precipitation, temperature, radiation, and wind) representing both reference (1981-2017) and future climate conditions (2018-2099). The data were derived from the CH2018 climate scenarios (NCCS 2018) provided by the Swiss National Centre for Climate Services (NCCS). They were obtained from climate experiments produced with different climate modeling chains, consisting of a global and a regional circulation model each, within EUROCORDEX for three representative concentration pathways (RCP) emission scenarios. Downscaled output of ten climate model chains derived by quantile mapping were considered. The focus was on the chains of the EUR-11 domain with a horizontal resolution of 0.11 degrees (roughly 12.5 km). The climate model chains (GCM, RCM, RCP, and grid resolution) used are listed below:

- ICHEC-EC-EARTH	DMI-HIRHAM5	2.6	EUR-11
- ICHEC-EC-EARTH	DMI-HIRHAM5	4.5	EUR-11
- ICHEC-EC-EARTH	DMI-HIRHAM5	8.5	EUR-11
- ICHEC-EC-EARTH	SMHI-RCA4	2.6	EUR-11
- ICHEC-EC-EARTH	SMHI-RCA4	4.5	EUR-11
- ICHEC-EC-EARTH	SMHI-RCA4	8.5	EUR-11
- MOHC-HadGEM2-ES	SMHI-RCA4	4.5	EUR-11
- MOHC-HadGEM2-ES	SMHI-RCA4	8.5	EUR-11
- MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR	SMHI-RCA4	4.5	EUR-11
- MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR	SMHI-RCA4	8.5	EUR-11

*References*:

-	Köplin, N., D. Viviroli, B. Schädler, and R. Weingartner (2010), _How does climate change affect mesoscale catchments in Switzerland? - A framework for a comprehensive assessment_, Advances in Geosciences, 27, 111-119, doi:10.5194/adgeo-27-111-2010.
-	National Centre for Climate Services (2018), CH2018 - _Climate Scenarios for Switzerland_, Tech. rep., NCCS, Zurich.
-	Schäfli, B., and H. V. Gupta (2007), _Do Nash values have value?_, Hydrological Processes, 21, 2075-2080, doi:10.1002/hyp.6825.
-	Viviroli, D., J. Gurtz, and M. Zappa (2007), _The hydrological modelling system PREVAH. Part II - Physical model description_, Geographica Bernensia, 40, 1-89.
-	Viviroli, D., M. Zappa, J. Gurtz, and R. Weingartner (2009a), _An introduction to the hydrological modelling system PREVAH and its pre- and post-processing-tools_, Environmental Modelling & Software, 24, 1209-1222, doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.04.001.
-	Viviroli, D., H. Mittelbach, J. Gurtz, and R. Weingartner (2009b), _Continuous simulation for flood estimation in ungauged mesoscale catchments of Switzerland-Part II: Parameter regionalisation and flood estimation results_, Journal of Hydrology, 377 (1), 208-225, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.022.

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

discharge

display_name: discharge

hydrology

display_name: hydrology

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

snowmelt

display_name: snowmelt

soil-moisture

display_name: soil-moisture

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Simulated future discharge and climatological variables for medium-sized catchments in Switzerland