de: Steuerpflichtige Personen, Erwerb und Steuern bei Jahr, Altersklasse, Kennzahl und Steuerklasse

en: Taxable persons by Year, Age group, Key figure and Tax category

vermogens--und-einkommensverteilung

display_name: vermogens--und-einkommensverteilung

wealth-and-income-distribution

display_name: wealth-and-income-distribution

soci

de: Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft

en: Population and society

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

en: The Office of Statistics is Liechtenstein's statistical information center. It provides the national and municipal authorities as well as the public with relevant, reliable and coherent statistical information on society, economy and environment in Liechtenstein.

de: Das Amt für Statistik ist das statistische Informationszentrum Liechtensteins. Es liefert den Landes- und Gemeindebehörden sowie der Öffentlichkeit relevante, zuverlässige und kohärente statistische Informationen zu Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Umwelt in Liechtenstein.

de: Steuerpflichtige Personen, Erwerb und Steuern nach Steuerbetrag und Altersgruppe seit 2020

en: Taxable persons, earnings and taxes by Tax category and age group since 2020


state: active

type: dataset

de: Datenwürfel auf Deutsch

en: Data cube in German

media_type: text/html

format: HTML

de: Datenstruktur auf Englisch

en: Data structure in English

media_type: application/json

format: JSON

de: Datenstruktur auf Deutsch

en: Data structure in German

de: Datenwürfel auf Englisch

en: Data cube in English

de: Gebäude nach Stichtag, Anzahl Wohneinheiten und Gemeinde

en: Buildings by Reference date, Number of housing units and Municipality

buildings-dwellings

display_name: buildings-dwellings

gebaude-wohnungen

display_name: gebaude-wohnungen

soci

fr: Population et société

it: Popolazione e società

de: Amt für Statistik

en: Office of Statistics

political_level: other

liechtenstein

capacity: public

type: organization

approval_status: approved

key: guid

key: uri

value: DCAT Harvester Amt für Statistik FL

de: Gebäude nach Anzahl Wohneinheiten und Gemeinde

en: Buildings by number of housing units and municipality


maintainer: Amt für Statistik

de: Asylereignisse nach Jahr, Ereignis, Staatsbürgerschaft, Geschlecht und Altersklasse bei Jahr, Ereignis, Staatsbürgerschaft, Geschlecht und Altersklasse

en: Asylum events by Year, Event, Citizenship, Sex and Age group by Year, Event, Citizenship, Sex and Age group

asylum

display_name: asylum

asylwesen

display_name: asylwesen

intr

fr: Questions internationales

de: Internationale Themen

en: International issues

it: Tematiche internazionali

de: Asylereignisse nach Ereignis, Staatsbürgerschaft, Geschlecht und Altersklasse seit 2011

en: Asylum events by event, citizenship, sex and age group since 2011


de: Verleihung des Landesbürgerrechts aufgrund StGH-Urteil bei Jahr, Wohnsitz und Altersklasse

en: Granting of national citizenship on the basis of the Constitutional Court ruling by Year, Place of residence and Age group

einburgerungen

display_name: einburgerungen

naturalisations

display_name: naturalisations

de: Verleihung des Landesbürgerrechts aufgrund StGH-Urteil nach Wohnsitz und Altersklasse seit 1997

en: Granting of national citizenship on the basis of the Constitutional Court ruling by place of residence and age group since 1997


de: Erstzugelassene Personentransportfahrzeuge bei Jahr, Karosserie und Mittlere Kennzahlen

en: Passenger vehicles registered for the first time by Year, Type of body and Average key figures

fahrzeug-erstzulassungen

display_name: fahrzeug-erstzulassungen

mobility-and-transport

display_name: mobility-and-transport

tran

fr: Transports

de: Verkehr

en: Transport

it: Trasporti

de: Erstzugelassene Personentransportfahrzeuge nach Karosserie sowie mittlere Kennzahlen (Leergewicht, Hubraum, Leistung)

en: Passenger vehicles registered for the first time by type of body, as well as average key figures (unladen weight, engine capacity, engine power)


de: Ständige Bevölkerung nach Stichtag, Stellung im Haushalt, Lebensalter, Geschlecht und Gemeinde

en: Permanent resident population by Reference date, Status in household, Age, Sex and Municipality

bevolkerungsstruktur

display_name: bevolkerungsstruktur

population-structure

display_name: population-structure

soci

de: Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft

en: Population and society

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

en: The Office of Statistics is Liechtenstein's statistical information center. It provides the national and municipal authorities as well as the public with relevant, reliable and coherent statistical information on society, economy and environment in Liechtenstein.

de: Das Amt für Statistik ist das statistische Informationszentrum Liechtensteins. Es liefert den Landes- und Gemeindebehörden sowie der Öffentlichkeit relevante, zuverlässige und kohärente statistische Informationen zu Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Umwelt in Liechtenstein.

de: Ständige Bevölkerung nach Stellung im Haushalt, Lebensalter, Geschlecht und Gemeinde

en: Permanent resident population by status in household, age, sex and municipality


de: Datenstruktur auf Deutsch

en: Data structure in German

de: Datenstruktur auf Englisch

en: Data structure in English

de: Datenwürfel auf Deutsch

en: Data cube in German

de: Erwerbstätige ständige Bevölkerung nach Jahr, Wirtschaftszweig, Heimat, Stellung im Beruf und Geschlecht

en: Permanent resident population in gainful employment by Year, Economic activity, Citizenship, Occupational status and Sex

erwerbstatigkeit

display_name: erwerbstatigkeit

population-in-gainful-employment

display_name: population-in-gainful-employment

econ

fr: Économie et finances

de: Wirtschaft und Finanzen

en: Economy and finance

it: Economia e finanze

de: Erwerbstätige ständige Bevölkerung nach Wirtschaftszweig, Heimat, Stellung im Beruf und Geschlecht seit 2006

en: Permanent resident population in gainful employment by economic activity, citizenship, occupational status and sex since 2006


de: Datenwürfel auf Englisch

en: Data cube in English

de: Externe F+E-Aufwendungen bei Jahr, Sitz des Empfängers und Sektor

en: Extramural expenditure on R+D by Year, Country of recipient and Setor

forschung-und-entwicklung

display_name: forschung-und-entwicklung

research-and-development

display_name: research-and-development

tech

fr: Science et technologie

de: Wissenschaft und Technologie

en: Science and technology

it: Scienza e tecnologia

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

de: Amt für Statistik

en: Office of Statistics

de: Externe F+E-Aufwendungen nach Sitz des Empfängers und Sektor seit 2019

en: Extramural expenditure on R+D by type of recipient and sector since 2019


de: Erdgaspreise für Haushalte und Kleingewerbe nach Jahr, Tarifgruppe und Jahresbezugsmenge (Brennwert Ho)

en: Natural gas prices for households and small businesses by Year, Tariff group and Annual quantity purchased (gross calorific value GCV)

energiepreise

display_name: energiepreise

energy-prices

display_name: energy-prices

ener

fr: Énergie

de: Energie

en: Energy

it: Energia

de: Erdgaspreise für Haushalte und Kleingewerbe nach Tarifgruppe und Jahresbezugsmenge von 2004 bis 2014

en: Natural gas prices for households and small businesses by tariff group and annual quantity purchased from 2004 to 2014


de: Monatlicher Bruttolohn nach Jahr, Vollzeit/Teilzeit, Aufenthaltsstatus, Geschlecht und Kennzahl

en: Gross monthly wage by Year, Full-time/Part-time, Residence permit category, Sex and Key figure

lohne

display_name: lohne

wages

display_name: wages

de: Monatlicher Bruttolohn nach Voll-/Teilzeit, Aufenthaltsstatus und Geschlecht

en: Gross monthly wage by full-/part-time, residence permit category and sex


de: Heiratende Personen bei Jahr, Geschlecht, Wohngemeinde und Wohnsitz des Partners

en: Marrying persons by Year, Sex, Municipality of residence and Partner's residence

ehen-partnerschaften

display_name: ehen-partnerschaften

marriages-partnerships

display_name: marriages-partnerships

soci

de: Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft

en: Population and society

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

en: The Office of Statistics is Liechtenstein's statistical information center. It provides the national and municipal authorities as well as the public with relevant, reliable and coherent statistical information on society, economy and environment in Liechtenstein.

de: Das Amt für Statistik ist das statistische Informationszentrum Liechtensteins. Es liefert den Landes- und Gemeindebehörden sowie der Öffentlichkeit relevante, zuverlässige und kohärente statistische Informationen zu Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Umwelt in Liechtenstein.

de: Heiratende Personen nach Geschlecht, Wohngemeinde und Wohnsitz des Partners seit 1999

en: Marrying persons by sex, municipality of residence and partners residence since 1999


de: Datenstruktur auf Englisch

en: Data structure in English

de: Datenwürfel auf Deutsch

en: Data cube in German

de: Datenstruktur auf Deutsch

en: Data structure in German

de: Erwerbstätige Bevölkerung nach Stichtag, Erwerbsstatus, Heimat, Geschlecht und Fünfjahresklassen

en: Population in gainful employment by Reference date, Status in employment, Citizenship, Sex and Age group

employment-structure

display_name: employment-structure

erwerbsstruktur-berufe

display_name: erwerbsstruktur-berufe

de: Erwerbstätige Bevölkerung nach Erwerbsstatus, Heimat, Geschlecht und Fünfjahresklassen

en: Population in gainful employment by status in employment, citizenship, sex and age group


de: Datenwürfel auf Englisch

en: Data cube in English

de: Baukosten (in Mio. CHF) bei Bewilligungsjahr, Kategorie der Auftraggeber, Art der Arbeiten und Gemeinde

en: Construction costs (in million CHF) by Year of approval, Client categories, Type of work and Municipality

bautatigkeit

display_name: bautatigkeit

construction-activity

display_name: construction-activity

econ

de: Wirtschaft und Finanzen

en: Economy and finance

de: Baukosten nach Kategorie der Auftraggeber, Art der Arbeiten und Gemeinde seit 2010

en: Construction costs (in million CHF) by client category, type of work and municipality since 2010


de: Energieerzeugung nach Jahr, Ressourcenquelle und Art

en: Energy production by Year, Source of resources and Type

energie

display_name: energie

energy

display_name: energy

ener

de: Energie

en: Energy

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

de: Amt für Statistik

en: Office of Statistics

de: Energieerzeugung nach Art und Ressourcenquelle seit 1990

en: Energy production by type and source of resources since 1990


de: Lebendgeborene bei Jahr, Geburtsland und Wohngemeinde der Mutter

en: Live births by Year, Country of birth and Municipality of residence

births-deaths

display_name: births-deaths

geburten-todesfalle

display_name: geburten-todesfalle

de: Lebendgeborene nach Geburtsland und Wohngemeinde der Mutter seit 1999

en: Live births by country of birth and mothers municipality of residence since 1999


de: Nichtständige Bevölkerung nach Jahr, Staatsbürgerschaft, Geschlecht, Wohngemeinde und Bewilligungskategorie

en: Non-permanent resident population by Year, Citizenship, Sex, Municipality of residence and Residence permit category

bevolkerungsstand

display_name: bevolkerungsstand

population-stock

display_name: population-stock

soci

de: Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft

en: Population and society

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

en: The Office of Statistics is Liechtenstein's statistical information center. It provides the national and municipal authorities as well as the public with relevant, reliable and coherent statistical information on society, economy and environment in Liechtenstein.

de: Das Amt für Statistik ist das statistische Informationszentrum Liechtensteins. Es liefert den Landes- und Gemeindebehörden sowie der Öffentlichkeit relevante, zuverlässige und kohärente statistische Informationen zu Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Umwelt in Liechtenstein.

de: Nichtständige Bevölkerung nach Staatsbürgerschaft, Geschlecht, Wohngemeinde und Bewilligungskategorie seit 2000

en: Non-permanent resident population in gainful employment by citizenship, sex, municipality of residence and residence permit category since 2000


de: Datenstruktur auf Englisch

en: Data structure in English

de: Datenstruktur auf Deutsch

en: Data structure in German

de: Datenwürfel auf Deutsch

en: Data cube in German

de: Privathaushalte bei Jahr, Haushaltsgrösse, Einkommen und Einkommensklasse

en: Private households by Year, Household size, Income and Income category

vermogens--und-einkommensverteilung

display_name: vermogens--und-einkommensverteilung

wealth-and-income-distribution

display_name: wealth-and-income-distribution

de: Privathaushalte nach Einkommensklasse und Haushaltsgrösse seit 2020

en: Private households by Income category and household size since 2020


de: Datenwürfel auf Englisch

en: Data cube in English

de: Beschäftigte nach Jahr, Voll-/ Teilzeit, Wirtschaftszweig, Arbeitsgemeinde und Geschlecht

en: Persons employed by Year, Part-/ full-time, Economic activity, Municipality of work and Sex

beschaftigung

display_name: beschaftigung

employment

display_name: employment

econ

de: Wirtschaft und Finanzen

en: Economy and finance

de: Beschäftigte nach Voll-/ Teilzeit, Wirtschaftszweig, Arbeitsgemeinde und Geschlecht seit 1980

en: Persons employed by part-/ full-time, economic activity, municipality of work and sex since 1980


de: Einzelbasis - Personalbestand in Liechtenstein bei Jahr, Beschäftigte und Geschlecht

en: Individual basis - Headcount in Liechtenstein by Year, Persons employed and Sex

banken

display_name: banken

banking-institutions

display_name: banking-institutions

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

de: Amt für Statistik

en: Office of Statistics

de: Einzelbasis - Personalbestand in Liechtenstein nach Altersklasse und Geschlecht seit 2017

en: Individual basis - Headcount in Liechtenstein by age group and sex since 2017


de: Durchschnittlicher Bruttomietpreis nach Stichtag, Wohnungsfläche und Gemeinde

en: Average gross rent by Reference date, Useful floor space and Municipality

mietpreise

display_name: mietpreise

rental-prices

display_name: rental-prices

de: Durchschnittlicher Bruttomietpreis nach Wohnungsfläche und Gemeinde

en: Average gross rent by useful floor space and municipality


de: Sonderabfälle aus Gewerbe und Industrie bei Jahr und Sonderabfallkategorie

en: Special wastes from commerce and industry by Year and Special waste category

abfall

display_name: abfall

waste

display_name: waste

envi

fr: Environnement

de: Umwelt

en: Environment

it: Ambiente

de: Sonderabfälle aus Gewerbe und Industrie nach Sonderabfallkategorie seit 1987

en: Special wastes from commerce and industry by special waste category since 1987


de: Personenwagenbestand nach Stichtag, Marke und Modell und Treibstoff (detailliert)

fahrzeugbestand

display_name: fahrzeugbestand

licensed-vehicles

display_name: licensed-vehicles

tran

de: Verkehr

en: Transport

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

en: The Office of Statistics is Liechtenstein's statistical information center. It provides the national and municipal authorities as well as the public with relevant, reliable and coherent statistical information on society, economy and environment in Liechtenstein.

de: Das Amt für Statistik ist das statistische Informationszentrum Liechtensteins. Es liefert den Landes- und Gemeindebehörden sowie der Öffentlichkeit relevante, zuverlässige und kohärente statistische Informationen zu Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Umwelt in Liechtenstein.

de: Personenwagenbestand nach Marke, Modell und Treibstoff (detailliert)


de: Datenwürfel auf Deutsch

en: Data cube in German

de: Datenstruktur auf Englisch

en: Data structure in English

de: Datenstruktur auf Deutsch

en: Data structure in German

de: Wohneinheiten nach Stichtag, Belegungsstatus, Zimmerzahl, Wohnungsfläche, Bauperiode und Gemeinde

en: Housing units by Reference date, Occupancy status, Number of rooms, Useful floor space, Construction period and Municipality

buildings-dwellings

display_name: buildings-dwellings

gebaude-wohnungen

display_name: gebaude-wohnungen

soci

de: Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft

en: Population and society

de: Wohneinheiten nach Belegungsstatus, Zimmerzahl, Wohnungsfläche, Bauperiode und Gemeinde

en: Housing units by occupancy status, number of rooms, useful floor space, construction period and municipality


de: Datenwürfel auf Englisch

en: Data cube in English

de: Einnahmen der Gemeinden aus umweltbezogenen Abgaben nach Jahr und Abgabenkategorie bei Jahr und Abgabenkategorie

en: Revenue of municipalities from environmental related levies by Year and Levies category

environmental-levies

display_name: environmental-levies

umweltabgaben

display_name: umweltabgaben

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

de: Amt für Statistik

de: Einnahmen der Gemeinden aus umweltbezogenen Abgaben nach Abgabenkategorie seit 2005

en: Revenue of municipalities from environmental related levies by levies category since 2005


de: Personen bei Jahr, Altersklasse, Äquivalenzeinkommen und Äquivalenzeinkommensklasse

en: Persons by Year, Age group, Equivalised income and Equivalised income category

en: Office of Statistics

de: Personen nach Äquivalenzeinkommens- und Altersklasse seit 2020

en: Persons by  Equivalised income category and age group since 2020


de: Holznutzung bei Jahr, Holzsortiment und Holzart

en: d Wood utilization by Year, Wood assortement and Type of wood

landscape-forest-soil-biodiversity

display_name: landscape-forest-soil-biodiversity

landschaft-wald-boden-biodiversitat

display_name: landschaft-wald-boden-biodiversitat

envi

de: Umwelt

de: Holznutzung nach Holzsortiment und Holzart seit 1986

en: Wood utilization by wood assortment and type of wood since 1986


de: Lebendgeborene bei Staatsbürgerschaft der Mutter und Jahr

en: Live births by Mother's citizenship and Year

births-deaths

display_name: births-deaths

geburten-todesfalle

display_name: geburten-todesfalle

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

de: Das Amt für Statistik ist das statistische Informationszentrum Liechtensteins. Es liefert den Landes- und Gemeindebehörden sowie der Öffentlichkeit relevante, zuverlässige und kohärente statistische Informationen zu Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Umwelt in Liechtenstein.

de: Lebendgeborene nach Staatsbürgerschaft der Mutter seit 1999

en: Live births by mothers citizenship since 1999


de: Datenwürfel auf Deutsch

de: Datenstruktur auf Englisch

de: Bevölkerung nach Szenario, Heimat, Geschlecht, Fünfjahresklasse und Jahr

en: Population by Scenario, Citizenship, Sex, five-year age group and Year

bevolkerungsszenarien

display_name: bevolkerungsszenarien

population-scenarios

display_name: population-scenarios

en: The Office of Statistics is Liechtenstein's statistical information center. It provides the national and municipal authorities as well as the public with relevant, reliable and coherent statistical information on society, economy and environment in Liechtenstein.

de: Bevölkerung nach Szenario, Heimat, Geschlecht und Fünfjahresklasse von 2023 bis 2060

en: Population by Scenario, Citizenship, Sex and five-year age group from 2023 to 2060


en: Data cube in German

de: Datenstruktur auf Deutsch

en: Data structure in German

de: Ständige Bevölkerung ab 15 Jahren nach Stichtag, Sozioprofessionelle Kategorie, Heimat, Geschlecht und Wohngemeinde

employment-structure

display_name: employment-structure

erwerbsstruktur-berufe

display_name: erwerbsstruktur-berufe

econ

de: Wirtschaft und Finanzen

en: Economy and finance

de: Ständige Bevölkerung ab 15 Jahren nach sozioprofessioneller Kategorie, Heimat, Geschlecht und Wohngemeinde


de: Datenwürfel auf Englisch

en: Data structure in English

de: Kennzahlen des Grundwassers bei Jahr, Standort und Kennzahl

en: Key figures on groundwater by Year, Location and Key figure

wasser

display_name: wasser

water

display_name: water

envi

en: Environment

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

de: Amt für Statistik

de: Kennzahlen des Grundwassers nach Standort und Kennzahl seit 1988

en: Key figures on groundwater by location and key figure since 1988


author: Amt für Statistik

en: Data cube in English

de: Kennzahlen der Vorsteherwahlen nach Jahr, Kennzahl und Gemeinde

en: Key figures on mayorial elections by Year, Key figure and Municipality by Year, Key figure and Municipality

elections-referendums

display_name: elections-referendums

wahlen-abstimmungen

display_name: wahlen-abstimmungen

gove

fr: Gouvernement et secteur public

de: Regierung und öffentlicher Sektor

en: Government and public sector

it: Governo e settore pubblico

de: Kennzahlen der Vorsteherwahlen nach Gemeinde seit 1975

en: Key figures on mayoral elections by municipality and political party since 1975


de: Migration von Erwerbstätigen nach Jahr, Richtung, Staatsbürgerschaft, Geschlecht und Altersklasse bei Jahr, Richtung, Staatsbürgerschaft, Geschlecht und Altersklasse

en: Migration of employed persons by Year, Direction, Citizenship, Sex and Age group by Year, Direction, Citizenship, Sex and Age group

migration-binnenwanderung

display_name: migration-binnenwanderung

migration-internal-migration

display_name: migration-internal-migration

soci

de: Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft

en: Population and society

intr

de: Internationale Themen

en: International issues

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

en: Office of Statistics

de: Das Amt für Statistik ist das statistische Informationszentrum Liechtensteins. Es liefert den Landes- und Gemeindebehörden sowie der Öffentlichkeit relevante, zuverlässige und kohärente statistische Informationen zu Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Umwelt in Liechtenstein.

de: Migration von Erwerbstätigen nach Richtung, Staatsbürgerschaft, Geschlecht und Altersklasse seit 2011

en: Migration of employed persons by direction, citizenship, sex and age group since 2011


de: Datenwürfel auf Deutsch

de: Datenstruktur auf Englisch

de: Ständige Bevölkerung nach Stichtag, Haushaltstyp, Lebensalter, Geschlecht und Gemeinde

en: Permanent resident population by Reference date, Type of household, Age, Sex and Municipality

bevolkerungsstruktur

display_name: bevolkerungsstruktur

population-structure

display_name: population-structure

en: The Office of Statistics is Liechtenstein's statistical information center. It provides the national and municipal authorities as well as the public with relevant, reliable and coherent statistical information on society, economy and environment in Liechtenstein.

de: Ständige Bevölkerung nach Haushaltstyp, Lebensalter, Geschlecht und Gemeinde

en: Permanent resident population by type of household, age, sex and municipality


en: Data cube in German

de: Datenstruktur auf Deutsch

en: Data structure in German

de: Ständige Bevölkerung nach Jahr, Altersjahr, Geschlecht und Staatsbürgerschaft

en: Permanent resident population by Year, Age, Sex and Citizenship

bevolkerungsstand

display_name: bevolkerungsstand

population-stock

display_name: population-stock

de: Ständige Bevölkerung nach Altersjahr, Geschlecht und Staatsbürgerschaft seit 2000

en: Permanent resident population by age, sex and citizenship since 2000


de: Datenwürfel auf Englisch

en: Data structure in English

de: Betriebe mit Rindvieh und Rindviehbestand bei Jahr, Kennzahl, Tierkategorie und Grössenklasse | Zone | Region | Gemeinde

en: Holdings with cattle and cattle livestock by Year, Key figure, Animal category and Size class | zone | region | municipality

agriculture

display_name: agriculture

landwirtschaft

display_name: landwirtschaft

agri

fr: Agriculture, pêche, sylviculture et alimentation

de: Landwirtschaft, Fischerei, Forstwirtschaft und Nahrungsmittel

en: Agriculture, fisheries, forestry and food

it: Agricoltura, pesca, silvicoltura e prodotti alimentari

econ

de: Wirtschaft und Finanzen

en: Economy and finance

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

de: Amt für Statistik

de: Betriebe mit Rindvieh und Rindviehbestand nach Tierkategorie (detailliert), Grössenklasse, Zone, Region und Gemeinde seit 2010

en: Holdings with cattle and cattle livestock by animal category, size class, zone, region and municipality since 2010


en: Data cube in English

de: Wahlbeteiligung bei Vorsteherwahlen nach Jahr, Gemeinde, Wahlgang, Kennzahl und Gruppe

en: Voter turnout in mayoral elections by Year, Municipality, Ballot, Key figure and Group

gove

de: Regierung und öffentlicher Sektor

en: Government and public sector

de: Wahlbeteiligung bei Vorsteherwahlen nach Gemeinde, Wahlgang, Gruppe und Kennzahl seit 2019

en: Voter turnout in mayoral elections by municipality, ballot, group and key figure since 2019


de: Einbürgerungen im ordentlichen Verfahren bei Jahr, Heimatgemeinde und Geschlecht

en: Naturalisations by ordinary procedure by Year, Home municipality and Sex

einburgerungen

display_name: einburgerungen

naturalisations

display_name: naturalisations

soci

de: Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft

en: Population and society

intr

de: Internationale Themen

en: International issues

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

en: Office of Statistics

de: Das Amt für Statistik ist das statistische Informationszentrum Liechtensteins. Es liefert den Landes- und Gemeindebehörden sowie der Öffentlichkeit relevante, zuverlässige und kohärente statistische Informationen zu Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Umwelt in Liechtenstein.

de: Einbürgerung im ordentlichen Verfahren nach Heimatgemeinde und Geschlecht seit 1970

en: Naturalisations by ordinary procedure by home municipality and sex since 1970


de: Datenstruktur auf Deutsch

en: Data structure in German

de: Datenwürfel auf Deutsch

en: Data cube in German

de: Motorfahrzeugbestand nach Stichtag, Fahrzeuggruppe, Treibstoffart und Gemeinde

fahrzeugbestand

display_name: fahrzeugbestand

licensed-vehicles

display_name: licensed-vehicles

tran

de: Verkehr

en: Transport

en: The Office of Statistics is Liechtenstein's statistical information center. It provides the national and municipal authorities as well as the public with relevant, reliable and coherent statistical information on society, economy and environment in Liechtenstein.

de: Motorfahrzeugbestand nach Fahrzeuggruppe, Treibstoffart und Gemeinde seit 2013


de: Datenwürfel auf Englisch

de: Datenstruktur auf Englisch

en: Data structure in English

de: Wohnungen nach Stichtag, Haushaltstyp, Zimmerzahl, Wohnungsfläche und Gemeinde

en: Dwellings by Reference date, Type of household, Number of rooms, Useful floor space and Municipality

buildings-dwellings

display_name: buildings-dwellings

gebaude-wohnungen

display_name: gebaude-wohnungen

de: Wohnungen nach Haushaltstyp, Zimmerzahl, Wohnungsfläche und Gemeinde

en: Dwellings by type of household, number of rooms, useful living space and municipality


de: Ständige Bevölkerung ab 15 Jahren nach Stichtag, Anzahl Kinder, Heimat, Geschlecht und Fünfjahresklassen

en: Permanent resident population aged 15 years and over by Reference date, Number of children, Citizenship, Sex and Age group

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

de: Amt für Statistik

de: Ständige Bevölkerung ab 15 Jahren nach Anzahl Kindern, Heimat, Geschlecht und Fünfjahresklassen

en: Permanent resident population aged 15 years and over by number of children, citizenship, sex and age group


en: Data cube in English

de: Ständige Bevölkerung nach Jahr, Altersjahr, Geschlecht, Heimat und Wohnort

en: Permanent resident population by Year, Age, Sex, Citizenship and Municipality of residence

de: Ständige Bevölkerung nach Altersjahr, Geschlecht, Heimat und Wohnort seit 2000

en: Permanent resident population by age, sex, citizenship and municipality of residence since 2000


de: Schulpersonal (in VZÄ) in Liechtenstein nach Jahr, Universität, Personalkategorie und Geschlecht

en: School staff (in full-time equivalent) in Liechtenstein by Year, University, Category of staff and Sex

hochschulen

display_name: hochschulen

tertiary-education

display_name: tertiary-education

educ

fr: Éducation, culture et sport

de: Bildung, Kultur und Sport

en: Education, culture and sport

it: Istruzione, cultura e sport

de: Schulpersonal (in VZÄ) in Liechtenstein nach Studienjahr, Universität, Personalkategorie und Geschlecht seit 2010/2011

en: School staff (in full-time equivalent) in Liechtenstein by Year, University, Category of staff, and Sex since 2010/2011


de: Datenstruktur auf Deutsch

de: Arbeitslose zuzüglich Personen mit Zwischenverdienst bei Jahr, Kategorie und Monat

en: Unemployed persons and persons with temporary earnings by Year, Category and Month

arbeitslosigkeit

display_name: arbeitslosigkeit

unemployment

display_name: unemployment

econ

de: Wirtschaft und Finanzen

en: Economy and finance

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

en: Office of Statistics

de: Das Amt für Statistik ist das statistische Informationszentrum Liechtensteins. Es liefert den Landes- und Gemeindebehörden sowie der Öffentlichkeit relevante, zuverlässige und kohärente statistische Informationen zu Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Umwelt in Liechtenstein.

de: Arbeitslose zuzüglich Personen mit Zwischenverdienst nach Bestand, Zu- und Abgänge und Monat seit 1990

en: Unemployed persons and persons with temporary earnings by stock, persons incoming and persons outgoing and month since 1990


en: Data structure in German

de: Datenwürfel auf Deutsch

en: Data cube in German

de: Datenwürfel auf Englisch

de: Lebenserwartung nach Jahr, Alter und Geschlecht

en: Life expectancy by Year, Age and Sex

lebenserwartung

display_name: lebenserwartung

life-expectancy

display_name: life-expectancy

soci

de: Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft

en: Population and society

heal

fr: Santé

de: Gesundheit

en: Health

it: Salute

de: Lebenserwartung nach Alter und Geschlecht seit 1995

en: Life expectancy by age and sex since 1995


de: Datenstruktur auf Englisch

en: Data structure in English

de: Erstzugelassene Personentransportfahrzeuge bei Jahr, Karosserie, Fahrzeugart nach EU und Anzahl Sitzplätze

en: Passenger vehicles registered for the first time by Year, Type of body, Type of vehicle as per EU and Number of seats

fahrzeug-erstzulassungen

display_name: fahrzeug-erstzulassungen

mobility-and-transport

display_name: mobility-and-transport

tran

de: Verkehr

en: Transport

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

de: Amt für Statistik

en: The Office of Statistics is Liechtenstein's statistical information center. It provides the national and municipal authorities as well as the public with relevant, reliable and coherent statistical information on society, economy and environment in Liechtenstein.

de: Erstzugelassene Personentransportfahrzeuge nach Karosserie, Fahrzeugart nach EU und Anzahl Sitzplätze

en: Passenger vehicles registered for the first time by type of body, type of vehicle as per EU and number of seats


en: Data cube in English

de: Studierende an Hochschulen in Liechtenstein nach Jahr, Ausbildungsstätte, Geschlecht und Wohnland

en: Students at institutions of higher education in Liechtenstein by Year, Institution, Sex and Country of residence

educ

de: Bildung, Kultur und Sport

en: Education, culture and sport

de: Studierende an Hochschulen in Liechtenstein nach Ausbildungsstätte, Geschlecht und Wohnland seit 2005/06

en: Students at institutions of higher education in Liechtenstein by institution, sex and country of residence since 2005/06


de: Datenstruktur auf Deutsch

de: Personen mit Anspruch auf Taggeld bei Jahr, Geschlecht und Monat

en: Persons entitled to a daily allowance by Year, Sex and Month

econ

de: Wirtschaft und Finanzen

en: Economy and finance

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

en: Office of Statistics

de: Personen mit Anspruch auf Taggeld nach Geschlecht und Monat seit 1997

en: Persons entitled to daily allowance by sex and month since 1997


de: Datenwürfel auf Deutsch

en: Data cube in German

de: Datenwürfel auf Englisch

en: Data structure in German

de: Migration von Erwerbstätigen nach Jahr, Richtung, Wirtschaftszweig und Geschlecht bei Jahr, Richtung, Wirtschaftszweig und Geschlecht

en: Migration of employed persons by Year, Direction, Economic activity and Sex by Year, Direction, Economic activity and Sex

migration-binnenwanderung

display_name: migration-binnenwanderung

migration-internal-migration

display_name: migration-internal-migration

intr

de: Internationale Themen

en: International issues

de: Das Amt für Statistik ist das statistische Informationszentrum Liechtensteins. Es liefert den Landes- und Gemeindebehörden sowie der Öffentlichkeit relevante, zuverlässige und kohärente statistische Informationen zu Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Umwelt in Liechtenstein.

de: Migration von Erwerbstätigen nach Richtung, Wirtschaftszweig und Geschlecht seit 2012

en: Migration of employed persons by direction, economic activity and sex since 2012


de: Personentransportfahrzeugbestand nach Stichtag, Anzahl Sitzplätze und Gemeinde

de: Personentransportfahrzeugbestand nach Anzahl Sitzplätze und Gemeinde seit 2013


de: Datenstruktur auf Englisch

en: Data structure in English

de: Stromproduktion der Wasserkraftwerke Samina und Lawena nach Jahr und Monat

en: Electricity production from hydropower stations Samina and Lawena by Year and Month

energie

display_name: energie

energy

display_name: energy

ener

de: Energie

en: Energy

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

de: Amt für Statistik

de: Stromproduktion der Wasserkraftwerke Samina und Lawena nach Monat seit 1985

en: Electricity production from the hydropower stations Samina and Lawena by month since 1985


de: Datenstruktur auf Deutsch

en: Data cube in English

de: Nutztiere gesömmert bei Jahr, Tierkategorie und Grössenklasse | Zone | Region

en: Livestock summered by Year, Animal category and Size class | zone | region

agriculture

display_name: agriculture

landwirtschaft

display_name: landwirtschaft

agri

de: Landwirtschaft, Fischerei, Forstwirtschaft und Nahrungsmittel

en: Agriculture, fisheries, forestry and food

en: The Office of Statistics is Liechtenstein's statistical information center. It provides the national and municipal authorities as well as the public with relevant, reliable and coherent statistical information on society, economy and environment in Liechtenstein.

de: Nutztiere gesömmert nach Tierkategorie, Grössenklasse, Zone und Region seit 2005

en: Livestock summered by animal category, size class, zone and region since 2005


de: Datenwürfel auf Deutsch

de: Wertstoffe bei Jahr und Wertstoffkategorie

en: Recyclable materials by Year and Recyclable material category

abfall

display_name: abfall

waste

display_name: waste

envi

de: Umwelt

en: Environment

de: Wertstoffe nach Wertstoffkategorie seit 1985

en: Recyclable materials by recyclable material category since 1985


en: Data cube in German

de: Berufsunfallversicherung: Beschäftigte, Lohnsumme, Unfälle und Leistungen in % nach Jahr, Wirtschaftszweig und Kennwerte der Risikodaten

accident-insurers

display_name: accident-insurers

unfallversicherer

display_name: unfallversicherer

heal

de: Gesundheit

en: Health

econ

de: Wirtschaft und Finanzen

en: Economy and finance

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

en: Office of Statistics

de: Das Amt für Statistik ist das statistische Informationszentrum Liechtensteins. Es liefert den Landes- und Gemeindebehörden sowie der Öffentlichkeit relevante, zuverlässige und kohärente statistische Informationen zu Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Umwelt in Liechtenstein.

de: Berufsunfallversicherung: Beschäftigte, Lohnsumme, Unfälle und Leistungen in % nach Wirtschaftszweig seit 2008


de: Datenwürfel auf Englisch

de: Datenstruktur auf Englisch

en: Data structure in German

de: Fruchtbarkeit der Frauen bei Jahr und Altersklasse

en: Fertility by Year and Age group

births-deaths

display_name: births-deaths

geburten-todesfalle

display_name: geburten-todesfalle

soci

de: Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft

en: Population and society

de: Fruchtbarkeit der Frauen nach Altersklasse seit 1999

en: Fertility by age group since 1999


gebaude-nach-eigentumertyp-und-gemeinde

title_for_slug: gebaude-nach-eigentumertyp-und-gemeinde

de: Datenstruktur auf Deutsch

en: Data structure in English

de: Gebäude nach Stichtag, Eigentümertyp und Gemeinde

en: Buildings by Reference date, Type of owner and Municipality

buildings-dwellings

display_name: buildings-dwellings

gebaude-wohnungen

display_name: gebaude-wohnungen

amt-fuer-statistik-fl

de: Amt für Statistik

de: Gebäude nach Eigentümertyp und Gemeinde

en: Buildings by type of owner and municipality


de: Datenwürfel auf Deutsch

de: 463.004 Versicherungsleistungen bei Jahr, Versicherungszweig und Kostenart

de: 463.004 Versicherungsleistungen nach Versicherungszweig und Kostenart seit 2005


maintainer: M. Carol Resch

en: topsoil-removal grassland long-term-experiment vegetation restoration diversity nematodes

en: Plant community composition (plant species)

en:
Plot: Plot ID combining treatment code and plot number (in total 55 plots)

Treatment: Three restoration treatments and two reference treatments. Initial=intensively managed grasslands; Harvest only= multiple hay harvest (2-3 times) per years; Topsoil= Topsoil removal (upper 10-30 cm); Topsoil+Propagules= Topsoil removal (upper 10-30 cm) combined with introduction of target plant species; Target= species-rich ancient grasslands

column 3-252: Plant abundance per species (in total 252 plant species) expressed as cover percentage estimation according to van der Maarel (vdM 1979; 7 classes: 1-7); nomenclature according to Lauber & Wagner (1996)

format: XLS

en: Nematode families

en:
Plot: Plot ID combining treatment code and plot number (in total 55 plots)

Treatment: Three restoration treatments and two reference treatments. Initial=intensively managed grasslands; Harvest only= multiple hay harvest (2-3 times) per years; Topsoil= Topsoil removal (upper 10-30 cm); Topsoil+Propagules= Topsoil removal (upper 10-30 cm) combined with introduction of target plant species; Target= species-rich ancient grasslands

column 3-41: Nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil) per family; nomenclature according to Bongers 1988

en: Nematode feeding types

en:
Plot: Plot ID combining treatment code and plot number (in total 55 plots)

Treatment: Three restoration treatments and two reference treatments. Initial=intensively managed grasslands; Harvest only= multiple hay harvest (2-3 times) per years; Topsoil= Topsoil removal (upper 10-30 cm); Topsoil+Propagules= Topsoil removal (upper 10-30 cm) combined with introduction of target plant species; Target= species-rich ancient grasslands

He.ecto.a: Herbivorous ectoparasite nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); classification according to Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014

He.endo.a: Herbivorous endoparasite nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); classification according to Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014

Ba.a: Bacterivorous nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); classification according to Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014

Fu.a: Fungivorous nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); classification according to Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014

Om.a: Omnivorous nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); classification according to Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014

Ca.a: Carnivorous nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); classification according to Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014

en: Coordinates of one research plot were wrong. This was corrected in the current version of the file.

en: Nemadotes and vegetation

en:
Plot: Plot ID combining treatment code and plot number (in total 55 plots)

Treatment: Three restoration treatments and two reference treatments. Initial=intensively managed grasslands; Harvest only= multiple hay harvest (2-3 times) per years; Topsoil= Topsoil removal (upper 10-30 cm); Topsoil+Propagules= Topsoil removal (upper 10-30 cm) combined with introduction of target plant species; Target= species-rich ancient grasslands

X: X-Coordinate

Y: Y-Coordinate

Ri.veg: Total number of plant species

Div.veg: Shannon diversity of plant species

Ri.nem: Total number of nematode families

Div.nem: Shannon diversity of nematode families

abund: Total nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil)

MI: Maturity index according to Bongers 1990; calculations done in online tool NINJA (Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014)

PPI: Plant parasite index according to Bongers 1990; calculations done in online tool NINJA (Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014)

PPI.MI: Plant parasite to Maturity index according to Bongers, van der Meulen, & Korthals 1997; calculations done in online tool NINJA (Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014)

CI: Channel index according to Ferris, Bongers, & de Goede 2001 (%); calculations done in online tool NINJA (Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014)

EI: Enrichment index according to Ferris, Bongers, & de Goede 2001 (%); calculations done in online tool NINJA (Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014)

SI: Structure index according to Ferris, Bongers, & de Goede 2001 (%); calculations done in online tool NINJA (Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014)

He.a: Herbivorous nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); classification according to Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014

He.ecto.a: Herbivorous ectoparasite nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); classification according to Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014

He.endo.a: Herbivorous endoparasite nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); classification according to Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014

Ba.a: Bacterivorous nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); classification according to Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014

Fu.a: Fungivorous nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); classification according to Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014

Om.a: Omnivorous nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); classification according to Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014

Ca.a: Carnivorous nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); classification according to Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014

Om.Ca.a	Sum of omnivorous and carnivorous nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); classification according to Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014
CP1.a: C-P (colonizer-persister) class 1 nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); C-P classification according to Bongers 1990; equivalent to enrichment indicators according to Ferris, Bongers, & de Goede 2001

CP2.a: C-P (colonizer-persister) class 2 nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); C-P classification according to Bongers 1990; equivalent to stress indicators according to Ferris, Bongers, & de Goede 2001

CP3.a: C-P (colonizer-persister) class 3 nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); C-P classification according to Bongers 1990

CP4.a: C-P (colonizer-persister) class 4 nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); C-P classification according to Bongers 1990

CP5.a: C-P (colonizer-persister) class 5 nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); C-P classification according to Bongers 1990

CP3-5.a: Sum of C-P3, C-P4 and C-P5 nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil) equivalent to structure indicators according to Ferris, Bongers, & de Goede 2001

protect.sp.pro: plant species categorized into species of concern based on their red list status in Switzerland as well as their protection status in Switzerland and the Canton Zurich (Moser, Gygax, Bäumler, Wyler, & Palese, 2002)

tar.sp: Number of target species (all species recorded in the eleven target plots plus propagules of species applied by hand, resulting in a total of 143 species)

Indi.moist: Plant indicator values for soil moisture according to Landolt et al. 2010

Indi.nutri: Plant indicator values for soil nutrients according to Landolt et al. 2010

Management: level of mowing and manuring frequency (35-40 kg N ha-1 application-1); intensity1 = mowing once and no manure; intensity2 = 2-3 times mowing and no manure; intensity3 = 2-3 times mowing and manuring; intensity4 = 4-5 times mowing and manuring

Tillage: last time of tillage

Land.use.history: for Initial plots = recent agricultural use; for all restored sites = agricultural use before restoration
Mowing	earliest date of biomass harvesting (excluding “Initial”) based on contracts between farmers and the Nature Protection Agency of Zurich

Soil.type: based on soil mapping survey 1991 (before restoration)

Soil.texture: determined by the sediment method (Gee & Bauder 1986) and classified into soil textural classes according to FAO (1990)

pH: soil pH (CaCl2)

Slope: slope gradient classes according to FAO (1990; %)

en: Nematode colonizer-persister classes

en:
Plot: Plot ID combining treatment code and plot number (in total 55 plots)

Treatment: Three restoration treatments and two reference treatments. Initial=intensively managed grasslands; Harvest only= multiple hay harvest (2-3 times) per years; Topsoil= Topsoil removal (upper 10-30 cm); Topsoil+Propagules= Topsoil removal (upper 10-30 cm) combined with introduction of target plant species; Target= species-rich ancient grasslands

CP1.a: C-P (colonizer-persister) class 1 nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); C-P classification according to Bongers 1990; equivalent to enrichment indicators according to Ferris, Bongers, & de Goede 2001
CP2.a: C-P (colonizer-persister) class 2 nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); C-P classification according to Bongers 1990; equivalent to stress indicators according to Ferris, Bongers, & de Goede 2001
CP3.a: C-P (colonizer-persister) class 3 nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); C-P classification according to Bongers 1990
CP4.a: C-P (colonizer-persister) class 4 nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); C-P classification according to Bongers 1990
CP5.a: C-P (colonizer-persister) class 5 nematode abundance (individuals per 100g dry soil); C-P classification according to Bongers 1990

en:
This dataset contains all data on which the following publication below is based.

Paper Citation:
 > Resch, M.C., Schütz, M., Graf, U., Wagenaar, R., van der Putten, W.H., Risch, A.C. 2019. Does topsoil removal in grassland restoration benefit both soil nematode and plant communities? Journal of Applied Ecology 56: 1782-1793.

Please cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile.

 Methods
 Study area and experimental settings
The study was conducted in a nature reserve (Eigental: 47° 27’ to 47° 29’ N, 8° 37’ E, 461 to 507 m a.s.l.) that is located on the Swiss Central plateau close to Zurich airport (Canton Zurich, Switzerland). The mean annual temperature in this area ranges from 8.9 to 10.6 °C, mean annual precipitation from 910 to 1260 mm [10-year average (2007-2017); MeteoSchweiz, 2018]. The main soil types are calcaric to gleyic Cambisol and Gleysols. The reserve was established in 1967 to protect small remnants of oligotrophic semi-natural grasslands (roughly 12 ha). The plant community can be characterized as Molinion and Mesobromion (semi-wet to semi-dry), depending on the site-specific groundwater level and slope inclination (Delarze, Gonseth, Eggenberg, & Vust, 2015). These remnants represent species-rich islands in an otherwise intensively managed agricultural landscape. Semi-natural grasslands covered an area of 60,000 ha in the Canton Zurich in 1939, however, by 2005 only roughly 600 ha remained (Baudirektion Kanton Zürich, 2007). In 1990, the government of Canton Zurich decided to enlarge the nature reserve Eigental. The goal was to incorporate eleven patches of 20 ha adjacent intensively farmed land and transform these patches into semi-natural grasslands. The patches had a different agricultural history, ranging from permanent (no tillage for >50 years) to temporary grassland (as part of crop rotation; last tillage <5 years). On all freshly integrated patches fertilization was stopped in 1992 and from then on biomass was harvested three times a year and removed. After 5 years without noticeable effects on vegetation composition, the Nature Conservation Agency of Canton Zurich decided to increase the restoration efforts. In 1995, a large-scale experiment was initialized to evaluate if certain treatments can facilitate restoration within a reasonable timeframe of 5 to 10 years after treatment implementation.
The three restoration treatments used were:
i. “Harvest only”: Plots are being mowed two to three times a year and the biomass is removed.
ii. “Topsoil”: Topsoil was removed to a depth of 10 to 20 cm, depending on the depth of the O and A horizon, in four randomly selected areas within each of the eleven patches in late autumn 1995. The size of each topsoil removal area depended on individual patch size and was between 2700 and 7000 m2.
iii. “Topsoil+Propagules”: Propagules from target vegetation were added on half of the area where topsoil was removed, using fresh, seed-containing hay originating from a mixture of semi-dry to semi-wet species-rich grasslands of local provenance (within a radius of 7 km). Hay applications were conducted twice in 1995 and 1996. Repeated applications were chosen to account for the low quantity of available plant material per transfer, since area ratio between receptor and donor sites was roughly 1:1. In addition, hand-collected propagules from 15 selected target species of regional provenance (within a radius of 30 km) were equally applied in 1996 and 1997.
“Topsoil” and “Topsoil+Propagules” plots are mowed once a year, and the biomass is removed. Mowing on these plots started five years after the treatment was implemented.
Eleven permanent plots of 5 m x 5 m were randomly established in each treatment to monitor the vegetation development. The experiment was complemented with 11 control plots that represent the initial state of intensively managed grasslands, further referred to as “Initial”, and 11 control plots that represent the targeted state of donor sites for “Topsoil+Propagules”, further referred to as “Target”. Consequently, the experiment consists of 55 plots (5 treatments x 11 replicates). Management of intensively used grasslands includes mowing and fertilizing (manure) between two to five times a year, as well as different tillage regimes (no tillage for >50 years; last time of tillage <5 years).

 Nematode and plant sampling
Soil nematodes were sampled in 2 m x 2 m plots, randomly established at least 2 m away from the vegetation plots. We collected eight soil cores with a 2.2 cm diameter soil core sampler (Giddings Machine Company, Windsor, CO, USA) to a depth of 12 cm (representing the majority of the plant rooting system) in each plot at the beginning of July 2017. The eight cores within each replicate plot were combined, gently homogenized, placed in coolers and transported to the laboratory of NIOO in Wageningen, the Netherlands, within one week. Free-living nematodes were extracted from 200 g of fresh soil using Oostenbrink elutriator (Oostenbrink, 1960) and concentrated, resulting in 6 mL nematode solution. The nematode solution was subdivided into three subsamples, two for morphological identification and quantification, and one for molecular work (not used in this study). For morphological identification and quantification, nematodes were heat-killed at 90 °C and fixed in 4 % formaldehyde solution (final volume 10 mL per subsample). All nematodes in 1 mL of formaldehyde solution were counted, and a minimum of 150 individuals per 1 mL sample (or all if less nematodes were present) were identified to family level using Bongers (1988). We then extrapolated the numbers of each nematode taxa identified to the entire sample and expressed them per 100 g dry soil for further analyses.
We calculated number of nematode taxa and Shannon diversity and assessed nematode community composition. In addition, we classified the nematode taxa into feeding types (herbivores, bacterivores, fungivores, omni-carnivores), structural and functional guilds (Table S4). Structural guilds assign nematode taxa according to life-history traits into five colonizer-persister (C-P) classes, ranging from one (early colonizers of new resources) to five (persisters in undisturbed habitats; Bongers 1990). C-P classes can be categorized as indicators for nutrient-enriched (C-P1), stressed (C-P2) and structured (C-P3 + C-P4 + C-P5) soil conditions (Ferris, Bongers, & de Goede, 2001). Functional guilds assign nematode taxa according to their C-P classification combined with their feeding habits (Ferris, Bongers, & de Goede, 2001). Based on the structural and functional guild classification we calculated five additional indices to assess soil nutrient status, disturbance and food web characteristics using NINJA (Sieriebriennikov, Ferris, & de Goede, 2014). 1) The Maturity index indicates the degree of different environmental perturbations (e.g., tillage, nutrient enrichment, pollution) and is used to monitor colonization and subsequent succession after disturbances (Bongers, 1990). 2) The ratio between the Plant Parasite (C-P of herbivorous nematodes only) to Maturity index is used to monitor the recovery of disturbed habitats incorporating information of life-history traits for all feeding types (Bongers, van der Meulen, & Korthals, 1997). 3) The Enrichment index indicates nutrient-enriched soils and agricultural management practices (Ferris, Bongers, & de Goede, 2001). 4) The Structure index provides information about the succession stage of the soil food web and therefore correlates with the degree of maturity of an ecosystem (Ferris, Bongers, & de Goede, 2001). 5) The Channel index provides information about the predominant decomposition pathways, where higher values stand for a higher proportion of energy transformed through the slow fungal decomposition channel (Ferris, Bongers, & de Goede, 2001). In addition, the Structure and Enrichment indices can be displayed in a biplot where nematode assemblages are plotted along a structure (x-axis) and enrichment (y-axis) trajectory (increasing index values). Each biplot quadrat reflects different levels of disturbance, soil nutrient pools and decomposition pathways (Ferris, Bongers, & de Goede, 2001).
The plant surveys were conducted on the 25 m2 permanent plots in June 2017. Plant species cover was visually assessed according to the semi-quantitative cover-abundance scale of Braun-Blanquet (1964; nomenclature: Lauber & Wagner, 1996). We calculated number of species and Shannon diversity, and assessed plant community composition. We also counted the number of target species (all species recorded in the eleven target plots plus propagules of species applied by hand, resulting in a total of 143 species) and categorized plant species into species of concern based on their red list status in Switzerland as well as their protection status in Switzerland and the Canton Zurich (Moser, Gygax, Bäumler, Wyler, & Palese, 2002). Furthermore, we calculated indicator values for soil moisture and soil nutrients for each species according to Landolt et al. (2010).

 References
Baudirektion Kanton Zürich (2007). 10 Jahre Naturschutz-Gesamtkonzept für den Kanton Zürich 1995-2005 – Stand der Umsetzung. Zürich: Baudirektion Kanton Zürich.
Bongers, T. (1988). De nematoden van Nederland. Utrecht: Stichting Uitgeverij Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging.
Bongers, T. (1990). The maturity index: an ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition. Oecologia, 83, 14-19. doi:10.1007/BF00324627
Bongers, T., van der Meulen, H., & Korthals, G. (1997). Inverse relationship between the nematode maturity index and plant parasite index under enriched nutrient conditions. Applied Soil Ecology, 6, 195-199. doi:10.1016/S0929-1393(96)00136-9
Braun-Blanquet, J. (1964). Pflanzensoziologie, Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde (3rd ed.). Wien: Springer.
Delarze, R., Gonseth, Y., Eggenberg, S., & Vust, M. (2015). Lebensräume der Schweiz: Ökologie - Gefährdung - Kennarten (3rd ed.). Bern: Ott.
Ferris, H., Bongers, T., & de Goede, R.G.M. (2001). A framework for soil food web diagnostics: extension of the nematode faunal analysis concept. Applied Soil Ecology, 18, 13-29. doi:10.1016/S0929-1393(01)00152-4
Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., … Wohlgemuth, T. (2010). Flora indicativa. Ecological indicator values and biological attributes of the Flora of Switzerland and the Alps (2nd ed.). Bern: Haupt.
Lauber, K., & Wagner, G. (1996). Flora Helvetica. Flora der Schweiz. Bern: Haupt.
MeteoSchweiz (2018). Klimabulletin Jahr 2017, Zürich: MeteoSchweiz.
Moser, D., Gygax, A., Bäumler, B., Wyler, N., & Palese, R. (2002) Rote Liste der gefährteten Farn- und Blütenpflanzen der Schweiz. Bern: BUWAL.
Oostenbrink, M. (1960). Estimating nematode populations by some selected methods. In N.J. Sasser & W.R. Jenkins (Eds.), Nematology (pp. 85-101). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Sieriebriennikov, B., Ferris, H., & de Goede, R.G.M (2014). NINJA: An automated calculation system for nematode-based biological monitoring. European Journal of Soil Biology, 61, 90-93. doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2014.02.004

diversity

display_name: diversity

grassland

display_name: grassland

long-term-experiment

display_name: long-term-experiment

nematodes

display_name: nematodes

restoration

display_name: restoration

topsoil-removal

display_name: topsoil-removal

vegetation

display_name: vegetation

educ

de: Bildung, Kultur und Sport

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

fr: EnviDat: le portail de données environnementales

de: EnviDat: das Umwelt-Datenportal

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

it: EnviDat: il portale dei dati ambientali

fr: EnviDat est le portail de données du WSL; il offre un accès uniformisé et réglementé aux données de surveillance et de recherche en matière d’environnement. Ce portail est capable d’héberger et de publier des ensembles de données précieuses et uniques, qui sont partagées aux quatre coins de la planète. Ce faisant, EnviDat favorise la recherche et contribue à l’avancement des sciences environnementales.

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

de: EnviDat ist das Datenportal der WSL für einen einheitlichen und verwalteten Zugang zu Umweltdaten aus Monitoring- und Forschungsprojekten. Auf dem Portal können Datensätze gehostet und veröffentlicht werden. Durch die weltweite Bereitstellung einzigartiger und wertvoller Datensätze leistet EnviDat einen Beitrag zur Forschung im Bereich der Umweltwissenschaften.

it: EnviDat è il portale dati del WSL che fornisce un accesso unificato e gestito ai dati di monitoraggio ambientale e di ricerca. Il portale ha la capacità di ospitare e pubblicare serie di dati preziosi e unici che vengono condivisi in tutto il mondo. Così facendo, EnviDat promuove la ricerca e contribuisce al progresso della scienza ambientale.

value: Envidat Harvester

en: Grassland restoration: nematodes and plant communities


en: character-species typoch phytosociology diagnostic-species vegetation-type vegetation-classification

en: TypoCH_modified list.csv

media_type: text/csv

en:
The file contains the vegetation types and the modified list of diagnostic species (based on Delarze et al. (2015). The numbers indicate the weight of a species in the particular vegetation type for the calculation of the TypoCH score:
1) accompanying species -> 1 point
2) dominant accompanying species (if >10% cover in the plot) -> 2 points
3) character species -> 4 points
4) dominant character species (if >10% cover in the plot) -> 8 points

format: CSV

en: How the TypoCH list was modified.pdf

media_type: application/pdf

en: Describes details on the modification procedure to improve the TypoCH reference list.

format: PDF

en: The TypoCH scoring system (Eggenberg & Bornand 2023), which is widely used in Switzerland, provides good results as classification method for vegetation types based on Delarze et al. (2015). However, the reference list contained species with no diagnostic value and important character species were missing. We therefore made a first attempt to modify the list based on numerical methods and expert knowledge to improve the classification success, at least for vegetation types of the open land (i.e. grasslands, fens, bogs).

character-species

display_name: character-species

diagnostic-species

display_name: diagnostic-species

phytosociology

display_name: phytosociology

typoch

display_name: typoch

vegetation-classification

display_name: vegetation-classification

vegetation-type

display_name: vegetation-type

en: Modified TypoCH reference list of diagnostic species for the classification of vegetation types in Switzerland


radar-wind-profiler-davos-wolfgang

maintainer: Maxim Hervo

title_for_slug: radar-wind-profiler-davos-wolfgang

en: wind-direction wolfgangpass raclets wind-speed radar

en: Radar Wind Profiler Data

media_type: application/zip

en: A Vaisala Lap3000 was installed at Davos Wolfgang to record wind profiles. The time format is number of days fom January 0, 0000 in UTC with a 10 minute resolution.

format: ZIP

mimetype: application/zip

en: The RADAR wind profiler from Meteoswiss was installed at Davos Wolfgang (LON: 9.853594, LAT: 46.835577) and measured from 2171 m above sea level to 11079 m, with a temporal resolution of 10 minutes.

raclets

display_name: raclets

radar

display_name: radar

wind-direction

display_name: wind-direction

wind-speed

display_name: wind-speed

wolfgangpass

display_name: wolfgangpass

en: RADAR Wind profiler Davos Wolfgang


maintainer: EnviDat Support

en: wind-speed relative-humidity long-term precipitation par swiss-forest-lab temperature meteorology meteo climate-change

en: Data plot of the forest station (LEB)

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

mimetype: application/pdf

en: Forest station data (LEB)

en: Data file.

mimetype: text/csv

en: Site photo of the forest station (LEB)

en: Site photo of the forest station from below (viewing upwards the slope)

format: SERVICE

mimetype: image/jpeg

en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for one meteorological station in Lens in Switzerland which is located within a natural coniferous forest with Scots pine (_Pinus sylvestris_; 150-170 yrs)) as dominant tree species. The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Lens is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

long-term

display_name: long-term

meteo

display_name: meteo

meteorology

display_name: meteorology

par

display_name: par

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

relative-humidity

display_name: relative-humidity

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

temperature

display_name: temperature

en: Lens, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards


latent-heat-flux-over-snow

maintainer: Sergi González-Herrero

title_for_slug: latent-heat-flux-over-snow

en: swiss-alps meta central-asia meteo-station snow meteo

en:
This file includes the datasets used to compare the methods. It includes:
- EC Postprocessed heat flux data from sonic anemometer and gas analyzer. Files named: [SITE]_(NO)WatVap_eddypro_OUT_[type].csv
- MOST Postprocessed data from SNOWPACK model. Files named [SITE]_[year]_[METHOD].smet
- Configuration files for SNOWPACK (.ini files) and Eddypro (.eddypro files)

[SITE] correspond to DISHMA/DISH or Alpine Valley, PLATEAU/PLAT for Antarctic Plateau, TAJ for Pamir mountains (no EC)
[type] correspond to fluxnet, full_output or qc_details
[METHOD] indicates the stability model used and/or the roughness length

en:
This file includes the Jupyter notebooks to reproduce the method and the figures of the paper. This consists in:
- 3 files for Alpine Valley
- 3 files for Antarctic Plateau
- 1 file for application at Pamir mountains

en:
This dataset contains three case studies where are compared the latent heat flux calculated using the Eddy Covariance (EC) method, the Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST) and the modified Bowen-ratio method presented in the research paper "Using the sensible heat flux eddy covariance based exchange coefficient to calculate latent heat from moisture mean gradients overn snow". We include the datasets, the code and the ini files for reproduce the research.
The dataset contain two files in zip format:
 1. Sowftware-Heat_fluxes_on_snow: Jupyter notebooks to reproduce the method and the figures of the paper.
 2. data.zip: Datasets used to compare the methods

central-asia

display_name: central-asia

meta

display_name: meta

meteo-station

display_name: meteo-station

snow

display_name: snow

swiss-alps

display_name: swiss-alps

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Latent Heat Flux over Snow


maintainer: Gesa von Hirschheydt

en: observer-error swisslichens biodiversity inter-observer-difference detectability lichens cryptogams bayesian-inference occupancy-model monitoring sessile-species detection-probability

en: Repository containing the full data, code, README and workflow files.

en:
The available lichen data consists of detection/nondetection data (1/0) of 373 tree-inhabiting (*corticolous*) lichen species from 416 plots surveyed 1-2 times. The lichen data were originally collected for the purpose of the Red List of epiphytic lichen species in Switzerland ([Scheidegger *et al.* 2002](https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/de/home/themen/biodiversitaet/publikationen-studien/publikationen/rote-liste-gefaehrdete-arten-baum-erdbewohnende-flechten.html)), but updated to recent nomenclature for the purpose of this study.
This repository contains all the supporting data and R code for the paper:
von Hirschheydt, G., Kéry, M., Ekman, S., Stofer, S., Dietrich, M., Keller, C., Scheidegger, C. (2024) **Occupancy model reveals limited detectability of lichens in a standardised large-scale monitoring**. *Journal of Vegetation Science*.
Results and figures presented in the manuscript should be reproducible (with small differences in the latter digits due to stochasticity of the MCMC sampler) with the provided data and code.
The downloadable `.zip` folder has the following structure:
* `0_data/`
* `1_code/`
* `2_output/`
* `lichen_detectability.Rproj`
* `README.txt`
* `workflow.html`
- `workflow.Rmd`

The main folder and the three subordinate folders each have their own `README*.txt` file. These describe each available file in detail and should be consulted prior to using the data or running any code. The file `lichen_detectability.Rproj` stores the information about the R project. The user can open the project by clicking/double-clicking on this file which will automatically define the repository as working directory for the R session. If the user does not use RStudio/Posit, they may have to set the working directory manually to the stored location in the R files. The files `workflow.*` guide the user through the analysis (`1_code/*.R`) in the correct order so that they can:
- bundle the cleaned data into a data list readable for JAGS
- fit the multi-species occupancy model to the data and store the output
- assess the goodness-of-fit of the model to the data
- conduct a prior sensitivity analysis with 2 additional sets of priors
- extract the summary statistics reported in the manuscript and supplementary materials
- generate the figures shown in the manuscript and supplementary materials

bayesian-inference

display_name: bayesian-inference

biodiversity

display_name: biodiversity

cryptogams

display_name: cryptogams

detectability

display_name: detectability

detection-probability

display_name: detection-probability

inter-observer-difference

display_name: inter-observer-difference

lichens

display_name: lichens

monitoring

display_name: monitoring

observer-error

display_name: observer-error

occupancy-model

display_name: occupancy-model

sessile-species

display_name: sessile-species

swisslichens

display_name: swisslichens

en: Repeated detection-nondetection data of corticolous lichens from a standardised monitoring across Switzerland


en: dsm sankt-annafirn dem orthophoto uav gletscher orthoimage alps findelengletscher glacier drone griesgletscher

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Sankt Annafirn on the 15th of July 2015.

en: This .pdf contains an orthoimage for each dataset as well as a Table which displays the number of flights made, image acquired, number of GCP set and the total area covered.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Sankt Annafirn on the 15th of April 2015.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Griesgletscher on the 13th of September 2016.

en: Bulk Data Access

en: Link to the S3 bucket where all the data resources can be downloaded in bulk

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Findelengletscher on the 2nd of July 2016.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Findelengletscher on the 21th of July 2015.

en: This folder contains all UAV flights paths that we created for the Sankt Annafirn, the Findelengletscher and Griesgletscher. They have been created with the software eMotion2, that was developped for the eBee platform from Sensefly.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Sankt Annafirn on the 28th of September 2015.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Findelengletscher on the 22th of September 2016.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Griesgletscher on the 26th of September 2015.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Griesgletscher on the 15th of August 2015.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Findelengletscher on the 09th of April 2015.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Griesgletscher on the 3rd of August 2015.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Findelengletscher on the 15th of September 2015.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Findelengletscher on the 19th of April 2016.

en:
This .zip folder contains:

 - An orthoimage (oi) of 0.1m resolution

- A Digital Surface Model (dsm) of 0.1m resolution

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report

for the UAV field campaign conducted on the Findelengletscher on the 30th of August 2016.

en:
 UAV-derived DSMs and orthoimages

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) surveys were conducted between 2015 and 2016 on the Sankt Annafirn, Findelen- and Griesgletscher, situated in the Swiss Alps. Three surveys at the Sankt Annafirn allowed for a full glacier coverage, four surveys at Griesgletscher allowed an almost full glacier coverage and seven surveys at Findelengletscher allowed for a partial coverage of the glacier tongue (see individual datasets for exact extent). For each survey, a high resolution orthoimage and a Digital Surface Model (DSM) was created.

 UAV surveys:

Prior flight, Ground Control Points (GCPs) were deployed on the glacier surface and measured with a differential GPS (Trimble R7 or Leica GPS 1200). They allowed precise georeferencing of the UAV-derived datasets. UAV flight plans were planned with the software *eMotion 2* and a SenseFly eBee was used as surveying platform. The images were then processed with the software Agisoft Photoscan Pro 1.1.6 .

The location and dates of each survey can be found in the table together with the number of flights performed (Nflights), the number of acquired images (Nimages), the number of GCPs set (NGCPs) and the surveyed area.

A folder for each dataset is available (see folder name in table), which contains:

- An orthoimage *glacier_date_photoscan_oi_CH1903+_LV95_0.1m.tif*

- A Digital Surface Model *glacier_date_photoscan_dsm_CH1903+_LV95_0.1m.tif*

- The Agisoft Photoscan automatic processing report  *glacier_date_photoscan_report.pdf*

where:

- *glacier* is the name of the surveyed glacier

- *date* is the date of the UAV image acquisition

- *photoscan* is the name of the photogrammetric software

- *oi* or *dsm* the type of dataset

- *CH1903+_LV95* is the coordinate system and datum of the dataset

- *0.1m* is the resolution of the dataset in meter

- *.tif* is the extention of the dataset

Details about the UAV surveys, the image processing and the accuracy of the UAV-derived products can be found in this publication below.

Paper Citation:
 > _Gindraux et al. 2017. Accuracy Assessment of Digital Surface Models from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles’Imagery on Glaciers, Remote Sensing, 9, 186, 1-15, [doi: 10.3390/rs9020186](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9020186)._

The folder UAV_flight_paths.zip contains all UAV flights performed on the Sankt Annafirn, Findelengletscher and Griesgletscher. The flights were planned with the software eMotion2 and have the .afp extention.

alps

display_name: alps

dem

display_name: dem

drone

display_name: drone

dsm

display_name: dsm

findelengletscher

display_name: findelengletscher

glacier

display_name: glacier

gletscher

display_name: gletscher

griesgletscher

display_name: griesgletscher

orthoimage

display_name: orthoimage

orthophoto

display_name: orthophoto

sankt-annafirn

display_name: sankt-annafirn

uav

display_name: uav

en: UAV-derived Digital Surface Models and orthoimages for three alpine glaciers


lwf-tea-bag-sites

maintainer: Marcus Schaub

title_for_slug: lwf-tea-bag-sites

en: litter modeling green-tea verification decomposition forest carbon tea-bag roiboos

en: Site Information

en: Descriptive information on sites

en:
Decomposition of plant litter is a key process for the transfer of carbon and nutrients in ecosystems. Carbon contained in the decaying biomass is released to the atmosphere as respired CO2, and may contribute to global warming. Litterbag studies have been used to improve our knowledge of the drivers of litter decomposition, but they lack comparability because litter quality is plant species-specific. The use of commercial tea bags as a standard substrate was suggested in order to harmonize studies, where green tea and rooibos represent more labile and more recalcitrant C compounds as surrogates of local litter.
The tea bag approach was implemented on eight sites of the Swiss long-term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) network (https://www.wsl.ch/LWF). This allowed us to take advantage from the existing infrastructure and data from a previous litterbag study with local litter. In Beatenberg and Schaenis, additional elevation transects were established (1200-1800 m and 540-1150 m, respectively) to examine particularly the effect of temperature on decomposition. In Pfynwald (https://www.wsl.ch/de/ueber-die-wsl/versuchsanlagen-und-labors/flaechen-im-wald/pfynwald.html) and Salgesch, infrastructure of running projects was used to examine the effect of drought and understory removal, respectively. In Novaggio, tea bags were incubated in summer and winter to study the effect of seasonality particularly precipitation. Tea bags are collected after 3, 12, 24, and 36 months; for the two time-shifted experiments additionally after 6 and 9 months.
The study has two primary objectives. Firstly, it contributes to TeaComposition initiative (http://teacomposition.org/) which aims at investigating long-term litter decomposition and its key drivers at present as well as under different future climate scenarios using a common protocol and standard litter (tea) across nine terrestrial biomes. Secondly, the data are used to further develop decomposition models such as Yasso (http://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/yasso) which is used by several countries, including Switzerland to estimate the annual carbon fluxes in dead wood, litter, and soil for reporting in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol.

carbon

display_name: carbon

decomposition

display_name: decomposition

forest

display_name: forest

green-tea

display_name: green-tea

litter

display_name: litter

modeling

display_name: modeling

roiboos

display_name: roiboos

tea-bag

display_name: tea-bag

verification

display_name: verification

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: LWF-Tea bag sites


maintainer: Michael Eisenring

en: alan insect-herbivores european-beech light-pollution phytochemistry

en: Raw_data_Ceppi et al..xlsx

en: Raw data for the Publication Ceppi et al. 2025 in Journal of Applied Ecology: ARTIFICAL NIGHT LIGHT INTENSITY MODULATES HERBIVORY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY IN EUROPEAN BEECH

en: Raw data on plant morphological traits, phytochemistry and herbivory that were analyzed in the study entitled: Artificial night light intensity modulates herbivory and phytochemistry in European beech

alan

display_name: alan

european-beech

display_name: european-beech

insect-herbivores

display_name: insect-herbivores

light-pollution

display_name: light-pollution

phytochemistry

display_name: phytochemistry

en: Raw data - Artificial night light intensity modulates herbivory and phytochemistry in European beech


en: climate-layers minimum-temperature timeseries air-temperature climate maximum-temperature century free-climate-data precipitation

en: Data Access

format: GeoTIFF

en: CHELSA Technical Documentation

en: As the CHELSA project is continuously expanded, certain new parameters, time scales etc. are not included anymore in the original publication (Karger et al. 2017). We are therefore provide this document as a guideline of the current climatic parameters available and will expand it as new parameters or time periods will become available. Please refer to the version history for changes made in the document.

en:
CHELSAcruts is a delta change monthly climate dataset for the years 1901-2016 for mean monthly maximum temperatures, mean monthly minimum temperatures, and monthly precipitation sum. Here we use the delta change method by B-spline interpolation of anomalies (deltas) of the CRU TS 4.01 dataset. Anomalies were interpolated between all CRU TS grid cells and are then added (for temperature variables) or multiplied (in case of precipitation) to high resolution climate data from CHELSA V1.2 (Karger et al. 2017, Scientific Data). This method has the assumption that climate only varies on the scale of the coarser (CRU TS) dataset, and the spatial pattern (from CHELSA) is consistent over time. This is certainly a rather crude assumption, and for time periods for which more accurate data is available CHELSAcruts should be avoided if possible (e.g. use CHELSA V1.2 for 1979-2015). Different to CHELSA V1.2, CHELSAcruts does not take changing wind patterns, or temperature lapse rates into account, but rather expects them to be constant over time, and similar to the long term averages.

CHELSAcruts is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) license.

air-temperature

display_name: air-temperature

century

display_name: century

climate

display_name: climate

climate-layers

display_name: climate-layers

free-climate-data

display_name: free-climate-data

maximum-temperature

display_name: maximum-temperature

minimum-temperature

display_name: minimum-temperature

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

timeseries

display_name: timeseries

en: CHELSAcruts -  High resolution temperature and precipitation timeseries for the 20th century and beyond


maintainer: Dominique Weber

en: sentinel-2 management landsat mowing use-intensity grassland land-use remote-sensing

en: Grassland-use intensity map 2019

en: Raster stack with information on the number and timing of grassland-management events (i.e. mowing, grazing) at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland for 2019. See readme file for more details.

en: Webcam-based reference data

en: Webcam-based reference data from 2020 and 2021 (see readme).

en: Preview number of grassland management events 2020

media_type: image/png

en: Spatial distribution of the number of management events for Switzerland and for three zoomed-in regions (a, b, c). The three zoomed-in regions show different grassland-use intensities, which are reflected in the distribution of management frequency (Weber et al., 2023; IN REVIEW)

format: PNG

en: Grassland-use intensity map 2021

en: Raster stack with information on the number and timing of grassland-management events (i.e. mowing, grazing) at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland for 2021. See readme file for more details.

en: Grassland-use intensity map 2018

en: Raster stack with information on the number and timing of grassland-management events (i.e. mowing, grazing) at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland for 2018. See readme file for more details.

en: Grassland-use intensity map 2020

en: Raster stack with information on the number and timing of grassland-management events (i.e. mowing, grazing) at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland for 2020. See readme file for more details.

en: Readme

media_type: text/plain

en: Metadata and description of the maps and webcam-based reference data.

format: TXT

en: Preview time of 1st grassland management event 2020

en: Spatial distribution of the timing (day of year; DOY) of the first management event for Switzerland and for three zoomed-in regions (a, b, c). The three zoomed-in regions show different grassland-use intensities, which are reflected in the timing of the first event of the year (Weber et al., 2023; IN REVIEW)

en:
A rule-based algorithm [(Schwieder et al., 2022)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112795) was used to produce annual maps for 2018–2021 of grassland-management events, i.e. mowing and/or grazing, for Switzerland using Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 satellite time series. All satellite images were processed with the [FORCE](https://force-eo.readthedocs.io) framework.

The resulting maps provide information on the number and timing of grassland-management events at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland. For the final maps, permanent grasslands were masked using a variety of land-use layers, according to [Huber et al. (2022)](https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.298) but replacing the crop mask with the agricultural-use data from the cantons.

We assessed the detection of management events based on independent reference data, which we acquired from daily time series of publicly available webcams that are widely distributed across Switzerland. We further tested the ecological relevance of the generated intensity measures in relation to nationwide biodiversity data (see [Weber et al., 2023](https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.372)).

The webcam-based reference data used for verification was subsequently added on 14.02.2024.

grassland

display_name: grassland

land-use

display_name: land-use

landsat

display_name: landsat

management

display_name: management

mowing

display_name: mowing

remote-sensing

display_name: remote-sensing

use-intensity

display_name: use-intensity

en: Grassland-use intensity maps for Switzerland


maintainer: Marco Moretti

en: wild-bee protected-areas predictive-modelling urbanization functional-diversity elevation-gradient switzerland biodiversity hymenoptera anthophila beta-diversity resource-availability community-indices climate

en: Protected areas

en: Protected areas considered, divided in three groups and rasters: protected areas sensu stricto, protected areas sensu lato and all protected areas

en: Taxonomic and functional metrics in the community plots

en:
Response data used for the modeling.
Lat: latitude community plot
Lon: longitude community plot
Richness: species richness
Shannon: Shannon diversity index
FDis: functional dispersion
TOP: Trait Onion Peeling (functional richness)
TED: Trait Even Distribution (functional evenness)
LCBD_taxo: local community contributions to taxonomic beta diversity
LCBD_fun: local community contributions to functional beta diversity
ITD: community weighted means inter-tegula distance
feeding_specialization: community weighted means feeding specialization
tong_length: community weighted means tongue length
phenostart: community weighted means start of the phenology
phenoduration: community weighted means duration of the phenoloy
cleptoparasite: community weighted means cleptoparasites
belowgound: community weighted means proportion belowground
solitary: community weighted means proportion solitary

en: Elevation and waterbodies

en: Zip file containing two rasters: the digital elevation model of Switzerland and the waterbodies of Switzerland.

en: Wild bee trait data

en: Text file containing the scores of the 8 used traits. The data originates from the European trait database (compiler: Stuart Roberts; pollinator loss module of the EU- FP6 ALARM project).

en: Variable importance, model evaluation, partial dependence plots

en: The compress file containes a set of txt files with the variable importance, the model evaluation metrics and the partial dependence plots of each of the responses used (alpha and beta taxonomic and functional diversity metrics; community weighted means of 8 functional traits)

en: Spatial environmental predictors and responses

en:
The .zip file contains the rasters of the environmental predictors and the predicted responses:
-  **Environmental predictors.**:
  -  The raster on the climate contains the PCA axes on the CHELSA variables.
  -  The raster on resource availability contains the PCA axes on plant communities
  -  The raster on land-use contains the land-use composition at 2500 m.
  -  The raster on beekeeping intensity contains thedensity of hives within 2500 m
-  **Responses**:
- The predicted responses (alpha and beta taxonomic and functional metrics and the traits) without masking the waterbodies, used in the analyses (Diversity_stack_revised_Selected_descriptors.tif). It contains a stack of 20 responses in this order: "belowgound", "cleptoparasite","FDis", "feeding_specialization", "FEve", "FRic", "InvSimpson", "ITD","LCBD_fun" ,"LCBD_taxo","phenoduration", "phenostart", "Rao", "Richness", "Shannon", "Simpson","solitary", "TED", "tong_length", "TOP". "FEve", "FRic", "InvSimpson","Rao", "Simpson" were not included in the linked paper.
- The predicted responses (alpha and beta taxonomic and functional metrics and the traits) masking the waterbodies (masked.stack.all.diversity.tiff). It includes a stack of 15 responses (excludes "FEve", "FRic", "InvSimpson","Rao", "Simpson").

en:
Raw data supporting the paper "Countrywide wild bee taxonomic and functional diversity reveal a spatial mismatch between alpha and beta-diversity facets across multiple ecological gradients". It contains taxonomic and functional metrics in 3343 community-plots distributed across Switzerland. The calculated metrics are:
- Alpha taxonomic community metrics: species richness and Shannon diversity
- Alpha functional community metrics: Functional richness (using the Trait Onion Peeling index, TOP), functional eveness (using the Trait Even Distribution index, TED) and the functional dispersion.
- Community weighted means of 8 functional traits
- The local community contributions on the functional and taxonomic beta diversity (LCBD).

The dataset also includes the following:
- The used predictors to model the spatial distribution of the community metrics (climate PCA, vegetation PCA, land-use metrics, beekeeping intensity).
-The three types of protected areas, defined according to the protective measures.
- The model evaluation, variable importance and partial dependece data.

anthophila

display_name: anthophila

beta-diversity

display_name: beta-diversity

biodiversity

display_name: biodiversity

community-indices

display_name: community-indices

elevation-gradient

display_name: elevation-gradient

functional-diversity

display_name: functional-diversity

hymenoptera

display_name: hymenoptera

predictive-modelling

display_name: predictive-modelling

protected-areas

display_name: protected-areas

resource-availability

display_name: resource-availability

switzerland

display_name: switzerland

urbanization

display_name: urbanization

wild-bee

display_name: wild-bee

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Data on wild bee taxonomic and functional diversity in Switzerland


maintainer: Sven-Eric Hopf

en: ash-dieback fraxinus forest monitoring iap

en: Monitoring of ash trees as part of the Intercantonal Forest Observation Programme

en: Packgroun information on data for the publication: Spread and Severity of Ash Dieback in Switzerland – Tree Characteristics and Landscape Features Explain Varying Mortality Probability, (Klesse et al. 2021, Front. For. Glob. Change 4:645920., doi: 10.3389/ffgc.2021.645920)

en:
In 2013, the Institute for Applied Plant Biology (IAP) started a monitoring programme to study the development and the spatial variation of the ash dieback disease with the aim to find some partially resistant European ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior).
We collaborate as co-authors for the publication: Spread and Severity of Ash Dieback in Switzerland - Tree Characteristics and Landscape Features Explain Varying Mortality Probability (Klesse et al. 2021 in frontiers)

ash-dieback

display_name: ash-dieback

forest

display_name: forest

fraxinus

display_name: fraxinus

iap

display_name: iap

monitoring

display_name: monitoring


maintainer: Frank Hagedorn

en: biogeochemical-cycling plfa forest drought c13-labeling microbial-biomass

en: Gao_Frank_C13 pulse labeling.xlsx

en:
Data of manuscript by Gao t al. : Drought resistance and resilience of rhizosphere communities in forest soils from the cellular to ecosystem scale – insights from 13C pulse labeling
Inludes data on 13C pulse-labeling experiment in young beech model ecosystems and a mature pine forest. Data of soil climate, total PLFA, 13C label strength in PLFA of pulse-labeling carried out under drought and after rewetting

en: Data of 13C-pulselabeling experiments in a young beech model ecosystem and a mature pine forest exposed to drought and rewetting. Data include microclimate during the experiment, total PLFA contents, d13C signatures in PLFA , microbial biomass, soil-respired CO2 measure during 30 days following 3-4 hour long pulse labeling with highly 13C-enriched CO2.

biogeochemical-cycling

display_name: biogeochemical-cycling

drought

display_name: drought

microbial-biomass

display_name: microbial-biomass

plfa

display_name: plfa

en: Gao_Drought resistance and resilience of rhizosphere communities_13C-PLFA


en: x-ray-tomography snow-mechanics slow-snow-compression-experiments microstructure ice

en: slow snow compression experiments

en: Compression experiments, X-ray images and with supplemented README file

en: README

en: README file gives an overview of the organization of the data

en:
We conducted consecutive loading-relaxation experiments at low strain rates to study the viscoplastic behavior of the intact ice matrix in snow. The experiments were conducted using a micro-compression stage within the X-ray tomography scanner in the SLF cold laboratory.

Next, to evaluate the experiments, a novel, implicit solution of a transient scalar model was developed to estimate the stress exponent and time scales in the effective creep relation (Glen's law). The result reveals that, for the first time, a transition in the exponent in Glen's law depends on geometrical grain size. A cross-over of stress exponent $n=1.9$ for fine grains to $n=4.4$ for coarse grains is interpreted as a transition from grain boundary sliding to dislocation creep.

The dataset includes compression force data from 11 experiments and corresponding 3D image data from tomography scans.

ice

display_name: ice

microstructure

display_name: microstructure

slow-snow-compression-experiments

display_name: slow-snow-compression-experiments

snow-mechanics

display_name: snow-mechanics

x-ray-tomography

display_name: x-ray-tomography

en: A grain-size driven transition in the deformation mechanism in slow snow compression


en: snow snow-mechanics x-ray-tomography microstructure compression-experiments

en: README file explaining the organization of the data

en: Snowmicroquakes Data

en: Compression experiments, X-ray images and simulation data with supplemented README file

en:
When snow is compressed with a certain speed, micro-snowquakes are triggered in the porous structure of bonded crystals. The present dataset covers uniaxial compression experiments of snow at different strain rates and concurrent X-ray tomography imaging documenting this feature.

The experiments were conducted in a micro-compression stage operated in the X-ray tomography scanner in the SLF cold laboratory. The dataset comprises the compression force data of 17 compression experiments, the 3D image data from 4 X-ray tomography scans and the results of numerical simulations.

compression-experiments

display_name: compression-experiments

snow

display_name: snow

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Compressive stick slip and snow-micro-quakes