maintainer: Anita Risch

en: ecosystem-functions ecosystem-coupling grazing grassland ecosystem-multifunctionality exclusion swiss-national-park invertebrates vertebrates subalpine

en: Datafile

en:
ID: Plot ID composited of Fence & Treatment number (90 plots total)

Grassland: Name of the six subalpine grasslands where the exclosure setups were erected. In large grasslands (GRIM, MING, STAB), we established four hierarchical exclosure setups (two in short- and two in tall-grass vegetation), whereas in the small grasslands (BOTS, DADA, MARG) only one setup was erected per vegetation type. BOTS = Val dal Botsch, GRIM = Grimmels, MING = Val Mingér, STAB = Alp Stabelchod, DADA = Stabelchod da daint, MARG = Margunet

Fence: Number of exclosure setup (1 - 18). Note that uneven numbers (1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17) represent setups established on short-grass vegetation, even numbers (2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18) setups established in tall-grass vegetation
Vegetation	Vegetation type, 1 = short-grass vegetation, 2 = tall-grass vegetation; (9 replicate fences on each vegetation type)
Treatment	Progressive animal exclusion, numbers indicate which animals had access to the plot: 1 = Large/medium/small mammals, and invertebrates have access ("L/M/S/I"), 2 = Medium/small mammals, and invertebrates have access (“M/S/I”), 3 = Small mammals and invertebrates have access (“S/I”), 4 = Invertebrates have access (“I”), 5 = No animals have access (“None”)

Bulkden:	Fine fraction soil bulk density (g cm-3)

Soil.moist	: Soil moisture (%)

Soil.org.C: Rhizosphere soil C content (%)

pH: Soil pH

Nema.PC1: First principal component (PC1) of principal component analysis (PCA) of the soil nematode community composition

Nema.PC2: Second principal component (PC2) of principal component analysis (PCA) of the soil nematode community composition

Micro.PC1: 	First principal component (PC1) of principal component analysis (PCA) of the soil microbial community composition

Micro.PC2: Second principal component (PC2) of principal component analysis (PCA) of the soil microbial community composition

Abv.Inv.PC1: First principal component (PC1) of principal component analysis (PCA) of the aboveground-dwelling invertebrate community composition

Abv.Inv.PC2: Second principal component (PC2) of principal component analysis (PCA) of the aboveground-dwelling invertebrate community composition

Arthr.PC1: First principal component (PC1) of principal component analysis (PCA) of the soil arthropod community composition

Arthr.PC2: Second principal component (PC2) of principal component analysis (PCA) of the soil arthropod community composition

Plant.PC1: First principal component (PC1) of principal component analysis (PCA) of the plant community composition

Plant.PC2: Second principal component (PC2) of principal component analysis (PCA) of the plant community composition

Root.biomass: Root biomass (g m-2)

Micro.biomass	: Microbial biomass carbon (mg kg-1)

Plant.richness: Plant species richness

Plant.N: Plant tissue nitrogen content (%)

Soil.N.min: Soil net nitrogen mineralisation (kg ha-1 season)

Soil.resp: Soil carbon dioxide emissions (soil respiration; g m-2 h-1)

en:
This dataset contains all data on which the following publication below is based.

Paper Citation:
 > Risch AC, Ochoa-Hueso R, van der Putten WH, Bump JK, Busse MD, Frey B, Gwiazdowicz DJ, Page-Dumroese DS, Vandegehuchte ML, Zimmermann S, Schütz M. Size-dependent loss of aboveground animals differentially affects grassland ecosystem coupling and functions. 2018. Nature Communications 9: 3684. [doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06105-4](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06105-4).

Please cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile.

#Methods
Study sites
The experimental exclosure setups were installed within the SNP (IUCN category Ia preserve; Dudley 2008), in south-eastern Switzerland. The park covers 172 km2 of forests and subalpine and alpine grasslands along with scattered rock outcrops and scree slopes. The entire area has been protected from human impact (no hunting, fishing, camping or off-trail hiking) since 1914. Large, fairly homogenous patches of short- and tall-grass vegetation, which originate from different historical management and grazing regimes, cover the park’s subalpine grasslands entirely. Short-grass vegetation developed in areas where cattle used to rest (nutrient input) prior to the park’s foundation (14th century to 1914) (Schütz and others 2003, 2006) and is dominated by lawn grass species such as Festuca rubra L., Briza media L. and Agrostis capillaris L. (Schütz and others 2003, 2006). Today, this vegetation type is intensively grazed by diverse vertebrate and invertebrate communities that inhabit the park and consume up to 60% of the available biomass (Risch and others 2013). Tall-grass vegetation developed where cattle formerly grazed, but did not rest, and is dominated by rather nutrient-poor tussocks of Carex sempervirens Vill. and Nardus stricta L. (Schütz and others 2003, 2006). This vegetation type receives considerably less grazing, with only roughly 20% of the biomass consumed (Risch and others 2013). Consequently, the two vegetation types together represent a long-term trajectory of changes in grazing regimes. Underlying bedrock of all grasslands is dolomite, which renders these grasslands rather poor in nutrients regardless of former and current land-use regimes.
Experimental design
To progressively exclude aboveground vertebrate and invertebrate animals, we established 18 size-selective exclosure setups (nine in short-grass, nine in tall-grass vegetation) distributed over six subalpine grasslands across the SNP (Risch and others 2013, 2015). Elevation differences of exclosure locations did not exceed 350 m (between 1975 and 2300 m a.s.l.). The exclosures were established immediately after snowmelt in spring 2009 and were left in place for five consecutive growing seasons (until end of 2013). They were, however, temporarily dismantled every fall (late October after first snowfall) to protect them from avalanches. They were re-established in the same location every spring immediately after snowmelt. Each size-selective exclosure setup consisted of five plots (2 x 3 m) that progressively excluded aboveground vertebrates and invertebrates from large to small. The plots are labelled according to the guilds that had access to them “L/M/S/I”, “M/S/I”, “S/I”, “I”, “None”; L = large mammals, M = medium mammals, S = small mammals, I = invertebrates, None = no animals had access. As we only had permission to have the experimental setup in place for five consecutive growing seasons, the experiment had to be completely dismantled in the late fall of 2013 and all material removed from the SNP.
Our exclosure design was aimed at excluding mammalian herbivores, but naturally also excluded the few medium and small mammalian predators, as well as the entire aboveground invertebrate food web. A total of 26 large to small mammal species can be found in the SNP, but large apex predators are missing (wolf, bear, lynx) . Reptiles, amphibians and birds are scarce to absent in the subalpine grasslands under study. Only two reptile species occur in the park and they are confined to rocky areas that warm up enough for them to survive. One frog species spawns in an isolated pond far from our grasslands. Only three bird species occasionally feed on the subalpine grasslands. Using game cameras (Moultrie 6MP Game Spy I-60 Infrared Digital Game Camera, Moultrie Feeders, Alabaster, AL, USA), we did observe that the medium- and small-sized mammals (marmot/hares and mice) were not afraid to enter the fences and feed on their designated plots. We never spotted reptiles, amphibians or birds on camera. We distinguished between 59 higher aboveground-dwelling invertebrate taxa that our size-selective exclosures excluded (see also methods for aboveground-dwelling invertebrates below).
The “L/M/S/I” plot (not fenced) was located at least 5 m from the 2.1 m tall and 7 x 9 m large main electrical fence that enclosed the other four plots. The bottom wire of this fence was mounted at 0.5 m height and was not electrified to enable safe access for medium and small mammals, while fencing out the large ones. Within each main fence, we randomly established four 2 x 3 m plots separated by 1-m wide walkways from one another and from the main fence line: 1) the “M/S/I” plots were unfenced, allowing access to all but the large mammals; 2) the “S/I” plots (10 x 10 cm electrical mesh fence) excluded all medium-sized mammals. Note that the bottom 10 cm of this fence remained non-electrified to enable safe access for small mammals; 3) the “I” plots (2 x 2 cm metal mesh fence) excluded all mammals. We double-folded the mesh at the bottom 50 cm to reduce the mesh size to smaller than 1 x 1 cm openings; and 4) the “None” plots were surrounded by a 1 m tall mosquito net (1.5 x 2 mm) to exclude all animals. The top of the plot was covered with a mosquito-meshed wooden frame mounted to the corner posts (roof). We treated these plots a few times with biocompatible insecticide (Clean kill original, Eco Belle GmbH, Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany) to remove insects that might have entered during data collection or that hatched from the soil, but amounts were negligible and did not impact soil moisture conditions within these plots.
To assess whether the design of the “None” exclosure (mesh and roof) affected the response variables within the plots and, therefore, influenced the results, we established an additional six “micro-climate control” exclosures (one in each of the six grasslands) (Risch and others 2013, 2015). These exclosures were built as the “None” exclosures but were open at the bottom (20 cm) of the 3-m side of the fence facing away from the prevailing wind direction to allow invertebrates to enter. A 20-cm high and 3-m long strip of metal mesh was used to block access to small mammals. Thus, this construction allowed a comparable micro-climate to the “None” plots, but also a comparable feeding pressure by invertebrates to the “I” plots. We compared various properties within these exclosures against one another to assess if our construction altered the conditions in the “None” plots. We showed that differences in plant (e.g., vegetation height, aboveground biomass) and soil properties (e.g., soil temperature, moisture) found between the “I” and the “None” treatments were not due to the construction of the “None” exclosure, but a function of animal exclusions, although the amount of UV light reaching the plant canopy was significantly reduced (Risch and others 2013).
Aboveground invertebrate sampling
Aboveground invertebrates were sampled with two different methods to capture both ground- and plant-dwelling organisms: 1) we randomly placed two pitfall traps (67 mm in diameter, covered with a roof) filled with 20% propylene glycol in one 1 x 1 m subplot of the 2 x 3 m treatment plots in spring 2013 (May) and emptied them every two weeks until late September 2013 (Vandegehuchte and others 2017b, 2018). A pitfall trap consisted of a plastic cylinder (13 cm depth, 6.75 cm diameter). Within each cylinder we placed a 100 ml plastic vial with outer diameter 6.70 cm and on top of the cylinder we placed a plastic funnel to guide the invertebrates into the vials. Each trap was cover with a cone-shaped and transparent plastic roof to protect the trap from rain (Vandegehuchte and others 2017b, 2018). Note that in the “None” plots only one trap was placed as control to check for effectiveness of the exclosure. 2) We vacuumed all invertebrates from a 60 x 60 cm area on another 1 x 1 m subplot with a suction sampler (Vortis, Burkhard manufacturing CO, Ltd., Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, UK) every month from June to September 2013 (Vandegehuchte and others 2017b, 2018). For this purpose, we quickly placed a square plastic frame (60 x 60 x 40 cm) with a closable mosquito mesh sleeve attached to the top edge into the plot from the outside. The suction sample was then inserted into through the sleeve and operated for 45 s to collect the invertebrates (Vandegehuchte and others 2017b, 2018).
We sorted the ≈100 000 individuals collected with both methods by hand and identified each individual morphologically to the lowest taxonomic level feasible (59 taxa, including orders, suborders, subfamilies, families; phylum for Mollusca). These taxa belonged to the following feeding types: 19 herbivores, 16 detritivores, 9 predators, 8 mixed feeders, 5 omnivores and 2 non-classified feeders (or not feeding as adults) (Vandegehuchte and others 2017b). We summed the numbers from the two pitfall traps and the suction sampling over the course of the 2013 season to represent the aboveground invertebrate abundance and community composition of a plot. Note: we did not specifically attempt to catch flying invertebrates with e.g., sticky traps, thus a few flying insects may have been missed with our vacuum sampling approach.
Sampling of plant properties
The vascular plant species composition was assessed at peak biomass every summer (July) by estimating the frequency of occurrence of each species with the pin count method in each plot (Frank and McNaughton 1990). A total of 172 taxa occurred within our 90 plots and we calculated plant species richness for each plot separately. We used the 2013 data in this study. Plant quality was assessed every year in July and September; here we use plant quality at the end of the experiment (September 2013). Two 10 x 100 cm wide strips of vegetation per plot were clipped, combined, dried at 65°C, and ground (Pulverisette 16, Fritsch, Idar-Oberstein, Germany) to pass through a 0.5 mm sieve. Twenty randomly selected samples across all treatments were analysed for N (Leco TruSpec Analyser, Leco, St. Joseph, Michigan, USA) (Vandegehuchte and others 2015). Nitrogen concentrations of the other samples were then estimated from models established for the experiment and the entire SNP relating Fourier transform-near infrared reflectance (FT-NIR) spectra to the measured values of N using a multi-purpose FT-NIR spectrometer (Bruker Optics, Fällanden, Switzerland) (Vandegehuchte and others 2015). Root biomass was sampled every fall by collecting five 2.2 cm diameter x 10 cm deep soil samples (Giddings Machine Company, Windsor, CO, USA) per plot (450 samples year-1). The samples were dried at 30 °C and roots were sorted from the sample by hand. We sorted each sample for 1 h which allowed to retrieve over 90% of all roots present in the samples (Risch and others 2013). The roots were then dried at 65 °C for 48 and weighed to the nearest mg. We averaged the values per plot and used the 2013 data only in this study.
Sampling of edaphic communities
In 2009, 2010, and 2011 we collected three composited soil samples (5 cm diameter x 10 cm depth; AMS Samplers, American Falls, ID, USA) and assessed bacterial community structure using T-RFLP profiling (Liu and others 1997; Blackwood and others 2003; Hodel and others 2014). We detected a total of 89 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). These values are in accordance with other studies reporting OTU richness (Wirthner and others 2011; Zumsteg and others 2012; Meola and others 2014) using T-RFLP profiling, a method that detects the most abundant, and thus likely, the most relevant, taxa. We averaged the data over the three years of collections for our calculations. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was determined with the substrate-induced method (Anderson and Domsch 1978) every fall (September) between 2009 and 2013 by collecting three mineral soil samples (5 cm diameter × 10 cm mineral soil core, AMS Samplers, American Falls, ID, USA). The three samples were combined (90 samples for each sampling year), immediately put on ice, taken to the laboratory, passed through a 2-mm sieve and stored at 4°C. Again, we only used the 2013 data in this study.
Soil samples (5 cm diameter x 10 cm depth) to extract soil arthropods were collected in June, July, and August 2011 with a soil corer lined with a plastic sleeve to ensure an undisturbed sample (total of 270 samples). The plastic line core was immediately sealed on both ends using cling film and put into a cooler. All plots were sampled within three days and the extraction of arthropods started the evening of the sampling day using a high-gradient Tullgren funnel apparatus (Crossley and Blair 1991; Vandegehuchte and others 2015). Samples were kept in the extractor for four days and the soil arthropods were collected in 95% ethanol. All individuals were counted and each individual was identified morphologically to the lowest level feasible [76 taxa, including orders, suborders, subfamilies, families (Protura, Thysanoptera, Aphidina, Psylina, Coleoptera, Brachycera, Nematocera, Auchenorryncha, Heteroptera, Formicidae); sub-phylum for Myriapoda, for Acari and Collembola also including morpho-species). Note that we also included larval stages (nine of the 76 taxa) (Vandegehuchte and others 2015). All data were summed over the season. A detailed species list for mites and collembolans is published (Vandegehuchte and others 2017a) [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118679.s001]. Earthworms are rare in the SNP and therefore were not included. We collected eight random 2.2 cm diameter x 10 cm deep soil cores from each plot in September 2013 to determine the soil nematode community composition. The samples were mixed and the nematodes were extracted from 100 ml of fresh soil using Oostenbrink elutriators (Oostenbrink 1960). All nematodes in a 1 ml of the 10 ml extract were counted, a minimum of 150 individuals sample-1 were identified to genus or family level using (Bongers 1988), the numbers of all nematodes were extrapolated to the entire sample and expressed for a 100 g dry sample. In total we identified 63 genus or family levels (Vandegehuchte and others 2015). The list of all the nematodes found is published (Vandegehuchte and others 2015) [http://www.oikosjournal.org/appendix/oik-03341] or DOI: [doi: 10.1111/oik.03341].
We are aware that sampling soil microbes from 2009 to 2011 and soil arthropods in 2011 was not ideal, but we are positive that this does not bias the results. Most of the parameters measured in our experiment either already showed a treatment response after the first growing season (e.g., plant biomass) or did not respond over the entire time experiment (e.g., microbial biomass C). The microbial community composition (2009 – 2011) was highly influenced by inter-annual differences in temperature and precipitation, but did not differ between treatments or vegetation types (Hodel and others 2014). We therefore felt comfortable using the 2009 through 2011 data for describing the soil microbial community in our experimental treatments. Similarly, we are positive that our soil arthropod data are representative. We did assess soil arthropods in August 2012 and found no differences to the August 2011 data. However, we did not feel comfortable combining the 2011 June, July, August data with only August data for 2012 for our analyses.
Sampling of soil properties
We collected three soil samples (5 cm diameter x 10 cm depth) in each plot in September 2013 after removing the vegetation. First, we collected the top layer of mineral soil rich in organic matter, the surface organic layer or rhizosphere, typically 1 to 3 cm in depth with a soil corer (AMS Samples, American Falls, Idaho, USA). Second, we collected a 10 cm mineral soil core beneath this surface layer. The cores for each layer were composited, dried at 65 °C for 48 h and fine-ground to pass a 0.5 mm screen. We then analysed all samples for total C using a Leco TruSpec Analyser (Leco, St. Joseph, Michigan, USA). Mineral soil pH was measured potentiometrically in 1:2 soil:CaCl2 solution with an equilibration time of 30 min.
Soil net N mineralisation was assessed during the 2013 growing season (Risch and others 2015). For this purpose, we randomly collected a 5 cm diameter x10 cm deep soil sample with a soil corer (AMS Samples, American Falls, Idaho, USA) after clipping the vegetation in June 2013. After weighing and sieving (4 mm mesh) the soil, we extracted a 20 g subsample in 1 mol l-1 KCl for 1.5 h on an end-over-end shaker and thereafter filtered it through ashless folded filter paper (DF 5895 150, ALBET LabScience, Hahnenmühle FineArt GmbH, Dassel, Germany). From these filtrates NO3- concentrations were measured colorimetrically (Norman and Stucki 1981) and NH4+with flow injection analysis (FIAS 300, Perkin Elmer, Waltham Massachusetts, USA) (Risch and others 2015). We dried the rest of the sample 105 °C to constant mass to determine fine,fraction bulk density. A second soil sample was collected within each plot in June 2013 with a corer lined with a 5 x 13 cm aluminium cylinder. The corer was driven 11.5 cm deep into the soil so that the top 1.5 cm of the cylinder remained empty. Into this space we placed a polyester bag (250 µm) filled an ion-exchanger resin to capture the incoming N. The bag was filled with a 1:1 mixture of acidic and alkaline exchanger resin (ion-exchanger I KA/ion exchanger IIIAA, Merck AG, Darmstadt, Germany). We then removed 1.5 cm soil at the bottom of the cylinder and placed a second resin exchanger bag into this space to capture the N leached from the soil column. To assure that the exchange resin was saturated with H+ and Cl- prior to filling the bags, the mixture was stirred with 1.2 ml l-1 HCl for 1 h and then rinsed with demineralized water until the electrical conductivity of the water reached 5 µm cm-1. The cylinder with the resin bags in place was reinserted into the soil with the top flush to the soil surface and incubated for three months. We recollected the cylinders in September 2013. Each resin bag and 20 g of sieved soil (4 mm mesh) from each cylinder were then separately extracted with KCl and NO3- and NH4+ concentrations were measured. Nitrate and NH4+ concentrations of all samples were then converted to a content basis by multiplying their values with fine fraction bulk density. Net N mineralisation was thereafter calculated as the difference between the N content of the samples collected at the end of the three-month incubation (including the N extracted from the bottom resin bag) and the N content at the beginning of the incubation (Risch and others 2015).
Soil CO2 emissions were measured every two weeks between 0900 and 1700 hrs from early May through late September 2013 with a PP-Systems SRC-1 soil respiration chamber (15 cm high, 10 cm diameter; closed circuit) attached to a PP-Systems EGM-4 infrared gas analyser (PP-Systems, Amesbury, MA, USA) on two locations per plot (Risch and others 2013). The chamber was placed on randomly placed, permanently installed PVC collars (10 cm diameter) driven 5 cm into the soil at the beginning of the study (Risch and others 2013). Freshly germinated plants growing within the collars were removed prior to each measurement to avoid measuring plant respiration or photosynthesis. The two measurements collected per plot and sampling date were averaged.
Soil moisture (with time domain reflectometry; Field-Scout TDR-100, Spectrum Technologies, Plainfield, Illionois, USA) and temperature (with a waterproof digital pocket thermometer; Barnstead International, Dubuque, Iowa, USA) were measured at five random locations per plot every two weeks during the growing seasons during the experiment for the 0 to 10 cm depth (Risch and others 2013, 2015). As soil moisture and soil temperature were highly negatively correlated (Risch and others 2013), we only used soil moisture for this study. We used plot-level averages of all values available to capture soil moisture variability during the five years of the experiment. The results remained unchanged when we only used soil moisture from the 2013 growing season.
Numeral calculations and statistical analyses
Ecosystem coupling. We conducted principal component analyses (PCAs; unscaled) at the complete dataset level using the abundances of each taxonomical entity to describe each of the five different communities used in this study: aboveground-dwelling invertebrates, vascular plants, soil microorganisms, soil arthropods and soil nematodes. We retained the first two components (PCA axis 1 and PCA axis 2) of each analysis as we found them to adequately represent the temporal and spatial variability of our 90 treatment plots in previous studies55,67. Together they explained a total of 71.70% of the variation for aboveground invertebrates, 44.36% for plants, 44.85% for soil microorganisms, 61.85% for soil arthropods and 77.19% for soil nematodes. In addition, we used soil pH and soil organic C content as a proxy for soil chemical properties, soil bulk density as a proxy for soil physical properties and soil moisture (negatively correlated with soil temperature) as a proxy for soil micro-climatic conditions for an overall total of fourteen constituents.
We calculated ecosystem coupling9 for each exclosure treatment within each vegetation type (i.e., 2  5 treatment combinations in total) as an integrated measure of pairwise ecological interactions between ecosystem constituents representing ecological communities and the soil abiotic environment. These ecological interactions are defined by non-parametric Spearman rank correlation analyses between two constituents, excluding interactions involving two abiotic constituents (e.g., soil pH vs. soil moisture) and interactions between the first (PC1) and second (PC2) component of each community type, as these are orthogonal by definition. Interactions between abiotic constituents were excluded from the analyses because the focus of our study was on communities and how they interact with one another and their surrounding environment; therefore, including abiotic-abiotic interactions was not of interest here. Given that the effectiveness of our experimental design resulted in that no community composition data of aboveground-dwelling invertebrates was available for the “None” plots (all animals excluded), only thirteen instead of fourteen constituents were included in the ecosystem coupling calculations for this treatment. The complete absence of aboveground invertebrates represents the most extreme case of disturbance between aboveground animal communities and the rest of the ecosystem constituents. This may have resulted in a slight overestimation of ecosystem coupling for these plots.
	Average ecosystem coupling was calculated as follows:
Ecosystem coupling=
where Xi is the absolute Coupling was calculated value of the Spearman’s rho coefficient of the ith correlation for each treatment within each vegetation type (i.e., based on nine replicates each), considering and n is the number of pairwise comparisons considered (n = a total of 80; interactions (56 in the case of the “None” treatment). We considered a total of 40 biotic-biotic interactions (i.e., concerning two community-level principal components such as plants and microbes; 24 in the case of the “None” treatment) and 40 abiotic-biotic (i.e., concerning one community-level principal component and one abiotic factor, e.g., plant community and soil properties; 32 in the case of the “None” treatment).	Coupling was calculated for each treatment within each vegetation type (i.e., based on nine replicates each), considering a total of 80 interactions (56 in the case of the “None” treatment). We considered a total of 40 biotic-biotic interactions (i.e., concerning two community-level principal components such as plants and microbes; 24 in the case of the “None” treatment) and 40 abiotic-biotic (i.e., concerning one community-level principal component and one abiotic factor, e.g., plant community and soil properties; 32 in the case of the “None” treatment).
To establish whether constituents were significantly and positively coupled within treatments (i.e., the average of their correlation coefficients were greater than in a null model where correlation only happens by chance), we calculated one-tailed p-values based on permutation tests with 999 permutations.

We considered six ecosystem functions and process rates commonly used to assess ecosystem functioning (Meyer and others 2015; Manning and others 2018). Plant N content represents a measure of forage quality, while plant richness has been shown to stabilise biomass production, thus allowing the system to respond to changes in herbivory. Soil net N mineralisation, soil respiration, root biomass, and microbial biomass represent fluxes or stocks of energy. For all functions and processes higher values represent higher functioning (Manning and others 2018). All these variables were measured in the last year of the experiment (2013). We then quantified ecosystem multifunctionality using the multiple threshold approach (Byrnes and others 2014; Manning and others 2018), which considers the number of functions that are above a certain threshold, over a series of threshold values (typically 10-99%) that are defined based on the maximum value of each function. We weighted all our functions equally for these calculations (Manning and others 2018). The number of functions in a plot with values higher than a given threshold value for the respective function is summed up. The sum represents ecosystem multifunctionality for that plot. Given that choosing any particular threshold as a measure of ecosystem multifunctionality is arbitrary, we calculated the average of thresholds from 10-90% (in 10% intervals) as a more integrated representation of ecosystem multifunctionality.
We used Pearson correlations to explore the relationships between ecosystem coupling (all interactions, biotic-biotic interactions, abiotic-biotic interactions involving above- and belowground constituents, and all interactions, biotic-biotic interactions, abiotic-biotic interactions involving belowground constituents only) and ecosystem multifunctionality by calculating the slopes of all relationships between ecosystem coupling and multifunctionality for all thresholds between 10 and 99%. We also related ecosystem coupling with the average of multifunctionality at thresholds between 30-80% as explained before and considered this correlation as a robust indication of the type of association between these two variables. In addition, we explored the relationships between ecosystem coupling (all interactions, biotic-biotic interactions, abiotic-biotic interactions involving above- and belowground constituents, and all interactions, biotic-biotic interactions, abiotic-biotic interactions involving belowground constituents only) and individual ecosystem functions. The effects of exclosures and vegetation type on individual functions and multifunctionality were evaluated using linear mixed effects models ('lme' function of the nlme package), with exclosure and vegetation type as fixed effects and fence as a random factor. All statistical analyses and numerical calculations were done in R version 3.4.0 (R Core Team 2016).

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- R Core Team. 2016. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing
- Risch AC, Haynes AG, Busse MD, Filli F, Schütz M. 2013. The response of soil CO2 fluxes to progressively excluding vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores depends on ecosystem type. Ecosystems 16:1192–202.
- Risch AC, Schütz M, Vandegehuchte ML, Van Der Putten WH, Duyts H, Raschein U, Gwiazdowicz DJ, Busse MD, Page-Dumroese DS, Zimmermann S. 2015. Aboveground vertebrate and invertebrate herbivore impact on net N mineralization in subalpine grasslands. Ecology 96:3312–22.
- Schütz M, Risch AC, Achermann G, Thiel-Egenter C, Page-Dumroese DS, Jurgensen MF, Edwards PJ. 2006. Phosphorus translocation by red deer on a subalpine grassland in the Central European Alps. Ecosystems 9:624–633.
- Schütz M, Risch AC, Leuzinger E, Krüsi BO, Achermann G. 2003. Impact of herbivory by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) on patterns and processes in subalpine grasslands in the Swiss National Park. For Ecol Manage 181:177–88.
- Vandegehuchte ML, van der Putten WH, Duyts H, Schütz M, Risch AC. 2017a. Aboveground mammal and invertebrate exclusions cause consistent changes in soil food webs of two subalpine grassland types, but mechanisms are system-speciﬁc. Oikos 126:212–23.
- Vandegehuchte ML, Raschein U, Schütz M, Gwiazdowicz DJ, Risch AC. 2015. Indirect short- and long-term effects of aboveground invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores on soil microarthropod communities. PLoS One 10:e0118679.
- Vandegehuchte ML, Schütz M, de Schaetzen F, Risch AC. 2017b. Mammal-induced trophic cascades in invertebrate food webs are modulated by grazing intensity in subalpine grassland. J Anim Ecol 86:1434–46.
- Vandegehuchte ML, Trivellone V, Schütz M, Firn J, de Schaetzen F, Risch AC. 2018. Mammalian herbivores affect leafhoppers associated with specific plant functional types at different timescales. Funct Ecol 32:545–55.
- Wirthner S, Frey B, Busse MD, Schütz M, Risch AC. 2011. Effects of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) rooting on the bacterial community structure in mixed-hardwood forest soils in Switzerland. Eur J Soil Biol 47:296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2011.07.003
- Zumsteg A, Luster J, Göransson H, Smittenberg RH, Brunner I, Bernasconi SM, Zeyer J, Frey B. 2012. Bacterial, Archaeal and Fungal Succession in the Forefield of a Receding Glacier. Microb Ecol 63:552–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9991-8

ecosystem-coupling

display_name: ecosystem-coupling

ecosystem-functions

display_name: ecosystem-functions

ecosystem-multifunctionality

display_name: ecosystem-multifunctionality

exclusion

display_name: exclusion

grassland

display_name: grassland

grazing

display_name: grazing

invertebrates

display_name: invertebrates

subalpine

display_name: subalpine

swiss-national-park

display_name: swiss-national-park

vertebrates

display_name: vertebrates

en: Ecosystem coupling and multifunctionality - exclosure experiment


maintainer: Izabela Bujak-Ozga

en: dataset precipitation water-level data catchment dynamics drainage-network drainage channel catchment-data erlenbach

state: active

type: dataset

format: XLS

media_type: application/pdf

format: PDF

format: SERVICE

en: The dataset contains time series of water levels, precipitation measured in the two sub-catchments of the Erlenbach catchment and its vicinity during summer and autumn 2021, as well as flowing drainage network lengths calculated for these areas using the CEASE method developed by the authors. Detailed description of the dataset is provided in the documentation.

catchment

display_name: catchment

catchment-data

display_name: catchment-data

channel

display_name: channel

data

display_name: data

dataset

display_name: dataset

drainage

display_name: drainage

drainage-network

display_name: drainage-network

dynamics

display_name: dynamics

erlenbach

display_name: erlenbach

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

water-level

display_name: water-level

educ

fr: Éducation, culture et sport

de: Bildung, Kultur und Sport

en: Education, culture and sport

it: Istruzione, cultura e sport

envidat

fr: EnviDat: le portail de données environnementales

de: EnviDat: das Umwelt-Datenportal

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

it: EnviDat: il portale dei dati ambientali

fr: EnviDat est le portail de données du WSL; il offre un accès uniformisé et réglementé aux données de surveillance et de recherche en matière d’environnement. Ce portail est capable d’héberger et de publier des ensembles de données précieuses et uniques, qui sont partagées aux quatre coins de la planète. Ce faisant, EnviDat favorise la recherche et contribue à l’avancement des sciences environnementales.

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

de: EnviDat ist das Datenportal der WSL für einen einheitlichen und verwalteten Zugang zu Umweltdaten aus Monitoring- und Forschungsprojekten. Auf dem Portal können Datensätze gehostet und veröffentlicht werden. Durch die weltweite Bereitstellung einzigartiger und wertvoller Datensätze leistet EnviDat einen Beitrag zur Forschung im Bereich der Umweltwissenschaften.

it: EnviDat è il portale dati del WSL che fornisce un accesso unificato e gestito ai dati di monitoraggio ambientale e di ricerca. Il portale ha la capacità di ospitare e pubblicare serie di dati preziosi e unici che vengono condivisi in tutto il mondo. Così facendo, EnviDat promuove la ricerca e contribuisce al progresso della scienza ambientale.

political_level: other

wsl

capacity: public

type: organization

approval_status: approved

key: guid

key: uri

value: Envidat Harvester

en: Short-term Drainage Density Dynamics Dataset for the Erlenbach Catchment


en: agri-pv sweet-edge plane-of-array solar-irradiance speed2zero alpine-pv rooftop-pv

media_type: application/zip

en:
Contains seasonal and annual statistics (mean and sum) derived from the CH-POA300 dataset.
File naming conventions:
yyyy_agg_period_hourly_stat.nc : statistic <stat> for aggregation period <agg_period> in year <yyyy>
all_agg_period_stat_mean.nc : statistic <stat> for aggregation period <agg_period> computed over the entire dataset (all years)
Definitions:
yyyy = year (2004–2020)
agg_period = winter, summer, annual
stat = mean, sum

format: ZIP

en: This document provides an in-depth description of the CH-POA300 dataset. It includes methodology and validation details.

en: Data 2016

en:
Contains seasonal and annual statistics (mean, sum) of the CH-POA300 dataset.
- "yyyy_agg_period_hourly_stat.nc": statistic <stat> for the period <agg_period> of the year <yyyy>
- "all_agg_period_stat_mean.nc": statistic <stat> for the period <agg_period> reduced on the entire dataset (all years).
\
yyyy: [2004, 2020]
agg_period: [winter, summer, annual]
stat: [mean, sum]

en:
**CH-POA300** is a dataset of hourly solar irradiance maps projected onto tilted surfaces (analogous to monofacial solar panels).
- **Spatial resolution:** 300 m
- **Coverage:** Switzerland
Two temporal extents are available, depending on the number of surface orientations (azimuth–tilt combinations):
 1. Long-term
- **Period:** 2004–2020
- **Orientations:**
 - Azimuth: 180° (South)
 - Tilts: 0°, 35°, 60°, 90°
 2. Typical year
- **Period:** 2016
- **Orientations:**
 - Azimuths: 0° (North), 90° (East), 135°, 180° (South), 225°, 270° (West)
 - Tilts: 0°, 3°, 8°, 15°, 25°, 35°, 45°, 60°, 80°, 90°
 Notes
- Azimuth angles: 0° = North, 90° = East, 180° = South, 270° = West
- Tilt angles: 0° = horizontal, 90° = vertical
 Additional data
- Seasonal and annual statistics derived from the maps are included.
- Methodology and quality assessment are documented in *CH-POA300-v#-specs.pdf*.

agri-pv

display_name: agri-pv

alpine-pv

display_name: alpine-pv

plane-of-array

display_name: plane-of-array

rooftop-pv

display_name: rooftop-pv

solar-irradiance

display_name: solar-irradiance

sweet-edge

display_name: sweet-edge

en: CH-POA300 -- Hourly Plane-of-Array Solar Irradiance at High Resolution for Switzerland


en: edna chondrichthyes metabarcoding bay-biscay actinopterygii teleo atlantic-region fish-composition

en: Data access

en: Please use cyberduck to download for the moment

en:
Environmental DNA complements scientific trawling in surveys of marine fish biodiversity (Dataset 2021)

At the end of October and the beginning of November 2021, we selected 18 sites from the 2021 EVHOE survey for eDNA sampling. The French international EVHOE bottom trawl survey is conducted annually in autumn in the Bay of Biscay (BoB) to monitor demersal fish resources. All selected sites were located on the continental shelf at depths ranging from 30 to 230 m. At each site, we sampled seawater using an underwater pump equipped with two peristaltic heads (subspace), mounted on Ifremer’s Pagure sledge. We collected approximately 30 liters of water directly from the seabed at a flow rate of 1.0 L min⁻¹. For filtration, we used VigiDNA 0.20 μm filtration capsules (SPYGEN, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France) along with disposable sterile tubing. Each filtration device processed water along a transect, representing two replicates per sampling site. To prevent contamination during fieldwork, we adhered to strict protocols, including the use of disposable gloves and single-use filtration equipment. At the end of each filtration, we emptied the remaining water from the capsule and replaced it with 80 mL of CL1 conservation buffer before storing the samples at room temperature. We processed the eDNA capsules at SPYGEN, following the protocol outlined by Polanco-Fernández et al. (2020). Library preparation and sequencing were performed at Fasteris (Geneva, Switzerland). Specifically, we prepared four libraries using the MetaFast protocol (a ligation-based method) and sequenced them separately. Paired-end sequencing was conducted using a MiSeq sequencer (2 × 125 bp, Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) on two MiSeq Flow Cell Kits (v3; Illumina), following the manufacturer’s instructions. We analyzed the sequence reads using the OBITools package (http://metabarcoding.org/obitools; Boyer et al., 2016), following the protocol described by Valentini et al. (2016).

Data content:
	* rawdata/: contains the raw reads for each individual sample. One archive contains the paired-end reads specified by the _R1 or _R2 suffix as well as individually tagged PCR replicates (if available) together with an archive containing all extraction and PCR blank samples of the library. Reads have been demultiplexed using cutadapt but not trimmed, individual demultiplexing tags and primers remain present in the sequences.
	* taxadata/: contains the table with all detected taxonomy for each sample after bioinformatic processing (see Polanco et al. 2020 for details; https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.140) and associated field metadata.
	* metadata/: contains two metadata files, one related to the data collected in the field for each filter, and the second related to the sequencing process in the lab (including the tag sequence, library name, and marker information for each sample)

actinopterygii

display_name: actinopterygii

atlantic-region

display_name: atlantic-region

bay-biscay

display_name: bay-biscay

chondrichthyes

display_name: chondrichthyes

edna

display_name: edna

fish-composition

display_name: fish-composition

metabarcoding

display_name: metabarcoding

teleo

display_name: teleo

en: Environmental DNA Marine France Evhoe 2021


maintainer: Felix Neff

en: restoration functional-traits functional-diversity insects diversity topsoil-removal grassland long-term-experiment

en: Plot information

media_type: text/csv

en:
Information on the experimental plots.

- **Plot**: ID of Plot
- **Treatment**: Experimental treatment
- **Landuse_history**: recent agricultural use for Initial; agricultural use before restoration for all restored sites
- **Last_tilled**: Last time the site was tilled
- **Intensity**: Frequency and intensity of mowing and manuring (*intensity1*: mowing once and no manure, i*ntensity2*: 2-3 times mowing and no manure, *intensity3*: 2-3 times mowing and manuring, *intensity4*: 4-5 times mowing and manuring)
- **Slope**: slope gradient according to classes defined by FAO (1990)
- **X**: X coordinate of the plot (CH1903)
- **Y**: Y coordinate of the plot (CH1903)
- **Cluster**: Spatial cluster of the plot

format: CSV

mimetype: text/csv

en: Insect abundance

en:
Abundance of adult insects recorded in the samplings on all experimental sites

- **Plot**: ID of Plot
- **Treatment**: Experimental treatment
- **Species**: Insect species name (following [Fauna Europaea](https://fauna-eu.org))
- **Author**: Author and year of species' description (following [Fauna Europaea](https://fauna-eu.org))
- **Group**: Insect group as used in the analyses
- **Number_Adults**: Number of adult individuals recorded
- **Herbivore**: Logical indicating whether the species is feeding as a herbivore (*TRUE*) or not (*FALSE*)

en: Insect traits

en:
Functional traits of all herbivorous insect species sampled in the study.

- **Species**: Insect species name (following [Fauna Europaea](https://fauna-eu.org))
- **Author**: Author and year of species' description (following [Fauna Europaea](https://fauna-eu.org))
- **Group**: Insect group as used in the analyses
- **Body volume**: Body volume determined by body length, body width and body height (in mm$^3$)
- **Body_shape**: Ratio of body length to body width
- **Hind_femur_shape**: Ratio of hind-femur length to hind-femur width
- **Hind_front_leg_ratio**: Ratio of front-leg length to hind-leg length (leg length = femur length + tibia length)
- **Wing_length_rel**: Ratio of wing length to body length
- **Leg_length_rel**: Ratio of front-leg length to body length (leg length = femur length + tibia length)
- **Antenna_length_rel**: Ratio antenna length to body length
- **Eye_width_rel**: Ratio of eye width to head width (Auchenorrhyncha, Heteroptera) / to head height (Orthoptera)
- **Feeding_specialization**: Insect specialization on food source (*m*: monophagous, *o*: oligophagous, *p*: polyphagous)
- **Feeding_tissue**: Feeding tissue used for feeding (*c*: chewers, *x*: xylem, *p*: phloem, *m*: mesophyll, *m-p/r*: mesophyll as well as phloem and/or reproductive organs, *r*: reproductive organs, *se*: ripe seeds)
- **Hibernation**: Hibernation stage (*e*: egg, *e/n*: egg and nymph, *n*: nymph, *a*: adult)
- **Generations**: Number of generations per year (*1.5* stands for *1-2* generations per year)
- **Moisture_pref_mean**: mean of preferred habitat moistures (*1*: xerophilous, *2*: moderately xerophilous, *3*: moderately mesohygrophilous, *4*: mesohygrophilous, *5*: moderately hygrophilous, *6*: hygrophilous, *7*: moderately hydrophilous, *8*: hydrophilous)
- **Moisture_pref_range**: range of preferred habitat moistures (indicating degree of specialization)

en:
This dataset contains all data, on which the following publication below is based.

**Paper Citation**:

Neff, F., Resch, M. C., Marty, A., Rolley, J. D., Schütz, M., Risch, A. C, Gossner, M. M. 2020. Long-term restoration success of insect herbivore communities in semi-natural grasslands: a functional approach. Ecological Applications, 30, e02133. [10.1002/eap.2133](https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2133)

Please cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile.

 Methods

 Study site
The study area is situated within and nearby to Eigental nature reserve (47°27’36” to 47°29’06” N, 8°37’12” to 8°37’44” E, 461 to 507 m a.s.l.) in the vicinity of Zurich airport (Canton Zurich, Switzerland). Mean annual precipitation and temperature is 903 ± 136 mm and 9.14°C ± 0.50°C (mean ± SD for 2007-2017 (*MeteoSchweiz 2018*)). In 1967, the Eigental nature reserve was established to protect small and isolated remnants of species-rich, semi-natural grasslands (roughly 12 ha), which were embedded in an otherwise intensively managed landscape. It is characterized by oligo- to mesotrophic Molinion (semi-wet, matrix species *Molinia caerulea*) and Mesobromion (semi-dry, matrix species *Bromus erectus*) meadows (*Delarze et al. 2015*), reflecting small-scale habitat heterogeneity, mainly due to site-specific groundwater levels and slope inclination. As in most Central European grasslands, management is necessary to prevent shrub and tree invasions as well as to secure low levels of available soil nutrients and thus to maintain these species-rich habitats ([*Poschlod and WallisDeVries 2002*](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00201-4)).
In 1990, the government of the Canton Zurich decided to enlarge the Eigental nature reserve as a counter measure against degradation and biodiversity loss in semi-natural grasslands due to overutilization and the excessive input of nutrients (mostly nitrogen). Eleven patches of adjacent intensively managed grassland (in total roughly 20 ha) were targeted to be transformed into semi-natural grasslands. As a first restoration measure, fertilization was ceased, and biomass harvested three times to remove excessive soil nutrients from the original system and thus benefit plant species with low competitive ability on the long run. In 1995, the restoration efforts were increased and a large-scale experiment comprising three restoration measures with increasing intervention intensities was implemented:

- **Harvest only**: Initial restoration measures were continued with mowing and removing of the aboveground biomass two times a year (early summer and autumn).
- **Topsoil**: Removal of topsoil, depending on the thickness of the A horizon the upper 10 to 20 cm, in four randomly selected areas within the eleven patches in late autumn 1995. The size of the restoration area depended on individual patch size (2700 to 7000 m2).
- **Topsoil + Propagules**: Plant propagules were added on half of the area where topsoil was removed via application of fresh, seed-containing hay and hand-collected propagules of target species originating from semi-dry and semi-wet species-rich grasslands with local and regional provenance (within radius of 7 to 30 km) (1995, 1996, 1997).

Management of *Topsoil* and *Topsoil + Propagules* started five years after treatment implementation and included yearly mowing and removing of aboveground biomass (late summer or early autumn). The experiment was complemented with intensively managed grassland sites that share the same agricultural history as the restored sites (**Initial**; swards dominated by *Lolium perenne*, *L. multiflorum* and *Trifolium repens*): mowing and subsequent fertilizing (manure) up to five times a year, as well as different tillage regimes. Finally, sites were selected in target semi-dry and semi-wet grasslands (**Target**) located within the Eigental nature reserve and another nature reserve nearby (Altläufe der Glatt; 47°28’29” to 47°27’41” N, 8°31’56” to 8°32’26” E, 418 to 420 m a.s.l.). The selected target sites are mown and aboveground biomass removed once a year in late summer or early autumn. For each of the five treatments, we selected eleven plots (5 m × 5 m) spread across the sites. Altogether, the experiment included 55 plots.

 Arthropod sampling
Aboveground arthropods were sampled using suction sampling on four consecutive days in early July 2017 before the grasslands were mown. Arthropods were sampled in two locations on each 5 m × 5 m plot, once in the south-western and once in the north-eastern corner to account for possible spatial heterogeneity within the plots. Arthropods were sorted to order or lower taxonomic levels and individuals were identified to species level. We focused on three groups (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha, Hemiptera: Heteroptera, Orthoptera),

 Functional traits
We used two sets of functional traits in this study.

**Morphometric traits**:
Body volume, body shape, hind femur shape, hind/front leg ratio, wing length, leg length, antenna length and eye width. We used trait measurements from [*Simons et al. (2016)*](http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/15-0616.1) and [*Neff et al. (2019)*](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00872-1) and complemented them with measurements on study specimens. These measurements were conducted using a high-resolution measuring stereo microscope (Leica DVM6, Leica Microsystems) including automated high-resolution photo stacking with the software Leica Application Suite X (LAS X, © 2018 Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH) and Leica Map Premium (Leica Microsystems, © 1996-2017 Digital Surf) at WSL Birmensdorf. The eight morphometric traits were calculated from direct measurements of body parts on specimens of all sampled species. From each species, we measured at least one female and one male specimen. Additionally, for species that show wing dimorphism, we included the different wing morphs and weighted them by their prevalence reported in literature. For few species, of which not all wing morphs were available for measurements (10 cases), we estimated relative wing length from congeneric species or from the literature.

**Life-history traits**
Based on an existing data set collected by [*Gossner et al. (2015)*](http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-2159.1). We included traits describing different life-history characteristics of herbivore insect species, namely: feeding specialization, feeding tissue, hibernation stage and number of generations per year, which are related to insect species’ vulnerability to changes in plant community composition, microhabitat use and disturbance tolerance. To represent potential changes in habitat moisture with abandonment of intensive land use (e.g., change in ground-water level), we also included two traits related to preferred habitat moisture of the study species: moisture preference, describing species’ optimum habitat moisture, and moisture range, which describes the species’ range of preferable moisture conditions.

 References

Delarze, R., Y. Gonseth, S. Eggenberg, and M. Vust. 2015. Lebensräume der Schweiz: Ökologie - Gefährdung - Kennarten. 3rd ed. Ott, Bern.

Gossner, M. M., N. K. Simons, R. Achtziger, T. Blick, W. H. O. Dorow, F. Dziock, F. Köhler, W. Rabitsch, and W. W. Weisser. 2015. A summary of eight traits of Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Araneae, occurring in grasslands in Germany. Scientific Data 2:150013.

MeteoSchweiz. 2018. Klimabulletin Jahr 2017. MeteoSchweiz, Zürich.

Neff, F., N. Blüthgen, M. N. Chisté, N. K. Simons, J. Steckel, W. W. Weisser, C. Westphal, L. Pellissier, and M. M. Gossner. 2019. Cross-scale effects of land use on the functional composition of herbivorous insect communities. Landscape Ecology 34:2001–2015.

Poschlod, P., and M. F. WallisDeVries. 2002. The historical and socioeconomic perspective of calcareous grasslands—lessons from the distant and recent past. Biological Conservation 104:361–376.

Simons, N. K., W. W. Weisser, and M. M. Gossner. 2016. Multi-taxa approach shows consistent shifts in arthropod functional traits along grassland land-use intensity gradient. Ecology 97:754–764.

diversity

display_name: diversity

functional-diversity

display_name: functional-diversity

functional-traits

display_name: functional-traits

grassland

display_name: grassland

insects

display_name: insects

long-term-experiment

display_name: long-term-experiment

restoration

display_name: restoration

topsoil-removal

display_name: topsoil-removal

en: Grassland restoration: insects and insect traits


maintainer: EnviDat Support

en: geometrical fem microstructure crystallographic x-ray-tomography anisotropy elasticity

en:
The study aims to determine the effective elastic properties of snow, firn, and bubbly ice based on microstructural quantities. Anisotropy, one of these quantities (the other being ice volume fraction) in snow and ice, has two types: geometrical and crystallographic, resulting in snow's macroscopic anisotropic elastic behavior. The research focuses on the impact of geometrical anisotropy on potential ice volume fractions in snow and ice. 391 micro-CT images from various locations, including laboratories, the Alps, the Arctic, and Antarctica, were analyzed to achieve this.
 The analysis involved microstructure-based finite element simulations, which inherently consider microstructure and calculate the elasticity tensor. Hashin-Shtrikman bounds were utilized to predict the elastic properties of the microstructure samples. These bounds effectively captured the nonlinear interplay between geometrical anisotropy, captured by the Eshelby tensor and density. HS bounds have the advantage of the correct limiting behavior for low to high-ice volume fractions.
 We derived parameterization for five transversely isotropic elasticity tensor components, requiring only two free parameters. This parameterization was valid for ice volume fractions ranging from 0.06 to 0.93. The analysis employing the Thomsen parameter highlighted the dominance of geometrical anisotropy until an ice volume fraction of 0.7. However, to fully comprehend the elasticity of bubbly ice, a comprehensive approach is necessary to integrate coupled elastic theories that account for both geometrical and crystallographic anisotropy.
This dataset includes a Jupyter notebook with all the necessary functions required to predict the elasticity tensor of snow for the given ice volume fraction and anisotropy. Also, the code contains the least squares optimization function to compute the elasticity tensor for the six components of stress and strain. For example, we consider our dataset to calculate the samples' elasticity tensor and reproduce Fig. 7 from the paper. We take the stress and strain values obtained from load states as input for this example.
Also, a .csv file contains all the microstructural information: ice volume fraction, anisotropy, correlation functions, voxels size, and no. of voxels of the samples and the elasticity tensor obtained from finite element simulations and from present work parameterization.

anisotropy

display_name: anisotropy

crystallographic

display_name: crystallographic

elasticity

display_name: elasticity

fem

display_name: fem

geometrical

display_name: geometrical

microstructure

display_name: microstructure

x-ray-tomography

display_name: x-ray-tomography

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Effective, anisotropic elasticity tensor of snow, firn, and bubbly ice


maintainer: Sven-Eric Hopf

en: iap ash-dieback fraxinus forest monitoring

en: Monitoring of ash trees as part of the Intercantonal Forest Observation Programme

en: Packgroun information on data for the publication: Spread and Severity of Ash Dieback in Switzerland – Tree Characteristics and Landscape Features Explain Varying Mortality Probability, (Klesse et al. 2021, Front. For. Glob. Change 4:645920., doi: 10.3389/ffgc.2021.645920)

en:
In 2013, the Institute for Applied Plant Biology (IAP) started a monitoring programme to study the development and the spatial variation of the ash dieback disease with the aim to find some partially resistant European ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior).
We collaborate as co-authors for the publication: Spread and Severity of Ash Dieback in Switzerland - Tree Characteristics and Landscape Features Explain Varying Mortality Probability (Klesse et al. 2021 in frontiers)

ash-dieback

display_name: ash-dieback

forest

display_name: forest

fraxinus

display_name: fraxinus

iap

display_name: iap

monitoring

display_name: monitoring


maintainer: Leo Gallus Bont

en: qgis-plugin swiss-geo-downloader open-source seilaplan swiss-geodata digital-elevation-model cable-yarding digital-planning geoinformation-system

en: Herunterladen des DHM mit SwissGeoDownloader

en: View video on youtube!

media_type: text/html

format: HTML

en:
In order to use the QGIS plugin ‘Seilaplan’ for digital cable line planning, a digital terrain model (DTM) is required. The plugin ‘Swiss Geo Downloader’, which is available for the open source geoinformation software QGIS, allows freely available Swiss geodata to be downloaded and displayed directly within QGIS. It was developed in 2021 by Patricia Moll in collaboration with the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL. In this tutorial we describe how to download the high accuracy elevation model ‘swissALTI3D’ with the help of the ‘Swiss Geo Downloader’ and how to use it for digital planning of a cable line with the plugin ‘Seilaplan’. Please note that the tutorial language is German!

Link to the Swiss Geo Downloader: https://pimoll.github.io/swissgeodownloader

Link to Seilaplan website: https://seilaplan.wsl.ch

*********************

Für die Verwendung des QGIS Plugins Seilaplan zur digitalen Seillinienplanung ist ein digitales Höhenmodell (DHM) nötig. Das Plugin Swiss Geo Downloader, welches für das Open Source Geoinformationssystem QGIS zur Verfügung steht, ermöglicht frei verfügbare Schweizer Geodaten direkt innerhalb von QGIS herunterzuladen und anzuzeigen. Es wurde 2021 von Patricia Moll in Zusammenarbeit mit der eidgenössischen Forschungsanstalt Wald, Schnee und Landschaft WSL entwickelt. In diesem Tutorial beschreiben wir, wie man mit Hilfe des Swiss Geo Downloaders das hochgenaue Höhenmodell swissALTI3D herunterladen und für die Seillinienplanung mit dem Plugin Seilaplan verwenden kann.

Link zum Swiss Geo Downloader: https://pimoll.github.io/swissgeodownloader

Link zur Seilaplan-Webseite: https://seilaplan.wsl.ch

cable-yarding

display_name: cable-yarding

digital-elevation-model

display_name: digital-elevation-model

digital-planning

display_name: digital-planning

geoinformation-system

display_name: geoinformation-system

open-source

display_name: open-source

qgis-plugin

display_name: qgis-plugin

seilaplan

display_name: seilaplan

swiss-geo-downloader

display_name: swiss-geo-downloader

swiss-geodata

display_name: swiss-geodata

en: Seilaplan Tutorial: DTM download with SwissGeoDownloader


en: habitat-fragmentation food-webs trophic-networks network-analysis trophich robustness metaweb

en:
This resource is broken down into two sections: 01 simulations and 02 analyses
In the 01 simulations section, the program which run the simulations for the paper is provided. It is prepared such that it can be easily run on a cluster. Please note that the results folder is empty, as they would have included 108,000 csv files. Instead, the summarised version is available in the next section.
In the 02 analyses section, all code needed to recreate the analyses and figures from the paper are provided.
Please refer to the separate README.txt files for each section for further information.

en:
This dataset contains all processed data, simulation outputs, and R/Python scripts used to assess the robustness of regional multi-habitat food webs in Switzerland under various non-random species extinction scenarios. It accompanies the manuscript submitted to Communications Biology, and available as a preprint here:
Reji Chacko, M, Albouy, C., Altermatt, F., et al. Decreases in the robustness of regional food webs to sequential species extinctions following habitat loss, 04 December 2024, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5225132/v1]
Please note that the most up-to-date version of the simulations code is available here: https://github.com/mrejichacko/casCHades

food-webs

display_name: food-webs

habitat-fragmentation

display_name: habitat-fragmentation

metaweb

display_name: metaweb

network-analysis

display_name: network-analysis

robustness

display_name: robustness

trophic-networks

display_name: trophic-networks

trophich

display_name: trophich

en: Simulation data and analyses of regional food web robustness under habitat loss


en: climate-change fire forest-fire meteorological-data mountains european-alps indicator-values climate europe climate-indicators

en: Data access

en: This dataset contains the Fire Weather Index for Hydrological Bavaria from 1980 - 2099 as stated in the paper "Climate change impacts on regional fire weather in heterogeneous landscapes of Central Europe" published in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciens (NHESS) 2023. The dataset contains daily Fire Weather Index values for all 50 members (subfolders of the dataset) of the CRCM5-LE (11 km spatial resolution) from 1980 to 2099 over the domain of Hydrological Bavaria. Please cite this dataset as the publication: Miller, J., Böhnisch, A., Ludwig, R., & Brunner, M. I. (2023). Climate change impacts on regional fire weather in heterogeneous landscapes of Central Europe. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 1-25. doi: 10.5194/nhess-2023-51.

climate

display_name: climate

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

climate-indicators

display_name: climate-indicators

europe

display_name: europe

european-alps

display_name: european-alps

fire

display_name: fire

forest-fire

display_name: forest-fire

indicator-values

display_name: indicator-values

meteorological-data

display_name: meteorological-data

mountains

display_name: mountains

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Fire Weather Index for Hydrological Bavaria from 1980-2099 derived from the 50 member CRCM5-LE


mountain-permafrost-hydrology

maintainer: Jeannette Noetzli

title_for_slug: mountain-permafrost-hydrology

en: mountain-permafrost-hydrology monitoring-techniques mass-movements permafrost-degradation climate-change-impacts ice-rich-permafrost

en: Synthesis report chapter of the Hydro-CH2018 project of the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)

en: This report was prepared as one of the synthesis report chapters of the Hydro-CH2018 project of the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN). In earlier reports such as the CH2014-IMPACTS report (CH-Impacts 2014), the topic of mountain permafrost hydrology was not addressed. Here, we provide a baseline of the available knowledge of mountain permafrost in the Swiss Alps for future reference. We compile an overview of the current understanding of mountain permafrost in the Swiss Alps, its distribution and characteristics, observed and projected changes, and expected impacts on slope stability, infrastructure and hydrological aspects. We also briefly describe the measurement techniques and modelling approaches applied. The chapter closes with a summary of the most important open research questions. The literature cited mainly includes studies on mountain permafrost published in scientific journals and assessments of long-term observation data. We focus on permafrost hydrology interactions wherever information is available. However, systematic studies on permafrost hydrology in mountain areas are still limited.

climate-change-impacts

display_name: climate-change-impacts

ice-rich-permafrost

display_name: ice-rich-permafrost

mass-movements

display_name: mass-movements

monitoring-techniques

display_name: monitoring-techniques

mountain-permafrost-hydrology

display_name: mountain-permafrost-hydrology

permafrost-degradation

display_name: permafrost-degradation

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Mountain Permafrost Hydrology


vegetation-height-model-lidar-nfi

title_for_slug: vegetation-height-model-lidar-nfi

en: vegetation-classification nfi point-cloud forest vegetation vegetation-height three-dimensional

en: 2024 Vegetation Height Model LiDAR NFI (current)

en:
Vegetation Height Model of Switzerland for the year 2024 (cloud optimized geotiff)
and Metadata file with information about acquisition date and point densities of used LiDAR data for tiles of 1 x 1 km (geopackage).

en:
Countrywide **vegetation height models (VHM)** were generated for Switzerland based on
LiDAR data acquired in the framework of the **swissSURFACE3D** campaign (swisstopo).
To derive vegetation height, the classified point cloud got normalized by calculating height above ground for all points not belonging to the class ground (2). Vegetation point (class 3,4,5) got then rasterized to a grid size of 0.5 m using an interpolation distance of one grid cell. Raster cells not belonging to a vegetation class got set to 0 m above ground.
These VHM's are produced in the framework of the Swiss National forest Inventory (NFI).
Each year about 1/6 of switzerland surface is updated using swissSURFACE3D data in leaf-off state.

forest

display_name: forest

nfi

display_name: nfi

point-cloud

display_name: point-cloud

three-dimensional

display_name: three-dimensional

vegetation

display_name: vegetation

vegetation-classification

display_name: vegetation-classification

vegetation-height

display_name: vegetation-height

en: Vegetation Height Model LiDAR NFI


maintainer: Bundesamt für Gesundheit, Abteilung Übertragbare Krankheiten

fr: BAG-OFSP-UFSP-FOPH Website

de: BAG-OFSP-UFSP-FOPH Website

en: BAG-OFSP-UFSP-FOPH Website

it: BAG-OFSP-UFSP-FOPH Website

fr: Covid-19 - Système de déclaration obligatoire

en: Covid-19 - mandatory reporting system

de: Covid-19 - Obligatorisches Meldesystem

it: Covid-19 - Sistema di dichiarazione obbligatoria

fr: Les données se fondent sur les informations que les laboratoires, les médecins et les hôpitaux ont transmises à l’OFSP dans le cadre de la déclaration obligatoire.

de: Die Daten basieren auf Informationen, die Laboratorien, Ärztinnen und Ärzte sowie Spitäler dem BAG im Rahmen der Meldepflicht übermittelt haben.

en: The data are based on information that laboratories, doctors and hospitals have submitted to the FOPH under the mandatory reporting requirement.

it: I dati si basano su informazioni comunicate dai laboratori, dai medici e dagli ospedali all’Ufficio federale della sanità pubblica (UFSP) nel quadro della dichiarazione obbligatoria.

fr: Virus respiratoire - Monitorage des eaux usées

en: Respiratory viruses - wastewater monitoring

de: Respiratorische Viren - Abwassermonitoring

it: Virus respiratori - Monitoraggio delle acque reflue

fr: Les données se fondent sur les informations issues du monitorage national des eaux usées de la Suisse et de la Principauté de Liechtenstein. Ce monitorage enregistre la charge virale de certains virus dans des échantillons des stations d’épuration des eaux usées (STEP) participantes ; il enregistre celle du SARS-CoV-2 depuis janvier 2022, celle de l’influenzavirus et du VRS depuis juillet 2023.

en: The data are based on information from the national wastewater monitoring programme of Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein. This monitoring programme has been recording the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 since January 2022 and since July 2023, the viral load of influenza and RSV in wastewater samples from participating wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).

de: Die Daten basieren auf Informationen aus dem nationalen Abwassermonitoring der Schweiz und des Fürstentums Liechtenstein. Dieses Monitoring erfasst seit Januar 2022 die Viruslast von SARS-CoV-2 und seit Juli 2023 die Viruslast von Influenza und RSV in Abwasserproben der teilnehmenden Abwasserreinigungsanlagen (ARA).

it: I dati pubblicati di seguito si basano sulle informazioni ricavate dal monitoraggio nazionale delle acque reflue della Svizzera e del Principato del Liechtenstein. Questo monitoraggio registra la carica virale del SARS-CoV-2 dal gennaio 2022 e quella dell’influenza e del VRS dal luglio 2023 nei campioni di acque reflue degli impianti di depurazione delle acque reflue (IDA) partecipanti.

fr: Virus respiratoire - Sentinella

de: Respiratorische Viren - Sentinella

en: Respiratory viruses - sentinella

it: Virus respiratori - Sentinella

fr: Les données se fondent sur les informations recueillies par le système de déclaration Sentinella. Dans le cadre de ce système, les médecins transmettent des informations sur les premières consultations en raison d’une infection respiratoire aiguë (ARI) ou d’une affection grippale (ILI) dans leurs cabinets ou lors de visites à domicile.

de: Die Daten basieren auf Informationen aus dem Sentinella-Meldesystem. Im Rahmen dieses Meldesystems übermitteln ambulant tätige Ärztinnen und Ärzte Informationen zu Erstkonsultationen aufgrund akuter respiratorischer Infektion (ARI) oder grippeähnlicher Erkrankung (ILI) in Arztpraxen und bei Hausbesuchen.

en: The data are based on information from the Swiss Sentinel Surveillance Network (SSSN, Sentinella) monitoring system. Within the framework of this reporting system, outpatient doctors send information on initial consultations due to acute respiratory infection (ARI) or influenza-like illness (ILI) in medical practices and during home visits.

it: I dati si basano sulle informazioni ricavate dal sistema di dichiarazione Sentinella. Nel quadro di questo sistema di dichiarazione, i medici che esercitano nel settore ambulatoriale trasmettono informazioni relative alle prime consultazioni svolte negli studi medici o durante le visite domiciliari in cui i pazienti presentano un’infezione respiratoria acuta (acute respiratory infection, ARI) o una sindrome simil-influenzale (influenza-like illness, ILI).

fr: Covid-19 - Sentinella

en: Covid-19 - sentinella

de: Covid-19 - Sentinella

it: Covid-19 - Sentinella

fr: Les données se fondent sur les informations recueillies par le système Sentinella. Dans le cadre de ce système de déclaration, les médecins transmettent depuis mars 2020 des informations sur les premières consultations de patients présentant une infection respiratoire aiguë dans leur cabinet ou lors de visites à domicile.

en: The data are based on information from the Swiss Sentinel Surveillance Network (SSSN, Sentinella) monitoring system. Since March 2020, the system has been used by doctors working on an outpatient basis to submit information on initial consultations in medical practices and during home visits for patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs).

de: Die Daten basieren auf Informationen aus dem Sentinella-Meldesystem. Im Rahmen dieses Meldesystems übermitteln ambulant tätige Ärztinnen und Ärzte seit März 2020 Informationen zu Erstkonsultationen von Patientinnen und Patienten mit akuter respiratorischer Infektion (ARI) in Arztpraxen und bei Hausbesuchen.

it: I dati si basano sulle informazioni ricavate dal sistema di dichiarazione Sentinella. Nel quadro di questo sistema di dichiarazione, dal marzo 2020 i medici che esercitano nel settore ambulatoriale trasmettono informazioni relative alle prime consultazioni svolte negli studi medici o durante le visite domiciliari in cui i pazienti presentano un’infezione respiratoria acuta (acute respiratory infection, ARI).

fr: SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) - monitorage des variants dans les eaux usées

de: SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) - Virusvarianten im Abwasser

en: SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) -  monitoring of variants in wastewater

it: SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) - monitoraggio delle varianti nelle acque reflue

fr: Les données se fondent sur les informations issues du monitorage des variants dans les eaux usées de la Suisse. Ce monitorage enregistre la répartition des variants celle du SARS-CoV-2 dans des échantillons des stations d’épuration des eaux usées (STEP) participantes depuis février 2021.

de: Die Daten basieren auf Informationen aus dem Variantenmonitoring im Abwasser der Schweiz . Dieses Monitoring erfasst seit Februar 2021 die Verteilung der Virusvarianten von SARS-CoV-2 in Abwasserproben der teilnehmenden Abwasserreinigungsanlagen (ARA).

en: The data are based on information from the monitoring programme of variants in wastewater of Switzerland. This monitoring programme has been recording the distribution of variants of SARS-CoV-2 since February 2021 in wastewater samples from participating wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).

it: I dati pubblicati di seguito si basano sulle informazioni ricavate dalmonitoraggio delle varianti nelle acque reflue della Svizzera. Questo monitoraggio registra la distribuzione delle varianti del SARS-CoV-2 dal febbraio 2021 nei campioni di acque reflue degli impianti di depurazione delle acque reflue (IDA) partecipanti.

fr: Covid-19 - surveillance génomique

en: Covid-19 - genomic surveillance

de: Covid-19 - Genomische Überwachung

it: Covid-19 - monitoraggio genomico

fr: Les données se fondent sur les informations tirées du Programme national de surveillance génomique du SARS-CoV-2, auquel participent, à l’heure actuelle, des laboratoires des hôpitaux universitaires et de grands hôpitaux régionaux de Suisse, ainsi qu’une plateforme de séquençage.

de: Die Daten basieren auf Informationen aus dem nationalen genomischen SARS-CoV-2 Überwachungsprogramm. An diesem beteiligen sich aktuell Laboratorien der Universitätsspitäler und grösserer Regionalspitäler der Schweiz sowie eine Sequenzierungsplattform.

en: The data are based on information from the national genomic SARS-CoV-2 surveillance programme. Currently participating in the programme are laboratories of the university hospitals and larger regional hospitals in Switzerland, as well as a sequencing platform.

it: I dati si basano sulle informazioni ricavate dal programma nazionale di sorveglianza genomica del SARS-CoV-2, al quale attualmente aderiscono i laboratori degli ospedali universitari e dei maggiori ospedali regionali della Svizzera, nonché una piattaforma di sequenziamento.

fr: Données concernant la propagation et l’évolution temporelle des infections au SARS-CoV-2 et des cas de COVID-19 en Suisse et dans la Principauté de Liechtenstein. Vous trouverez des donnés sur la charge virale dans les eaux usées provenant du monitorage correspondant, sur les consultations ambulatoires provenant du système de déclaration Sentinella, sur les variantes de virus provenant de la surveillance génomique et sur sur les cas, hospitalisations, décès et tests provenant du système de déclaration obligatoire.

en: Data on the spread and development of SARS-CoV-2 infections and Covid-19 cases in Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein. You will find data of the viral load in wastewater from the wastewater monitoring system, of outpatient consultations from the Sentinella reporting system, of virus variants from the genomic surveillance system and of cases, hospitalisations, deaths and tests from the obligatory reporting system.

de: Daten zur Verbreitung und zeitlichen Entwicklung von SARS-CoV-2 Infektionen und Covid-19 Erkrankungsfällen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein. Sie finden Daten zur Viruslast im Abwasser aus dem Abwassermonitoring, zu ambulanten Konsultationen aus dem Sentinella-Meldesystem, zu Virusvarianten aus der genomischen Überwachung und zu Fällen, Hospitalisationen, Todesfällen und Tests aus dem obligatorischen Meldesystem.

it: Dati della diffusione e dell’evoluzione temporale delle infezioni da SARS-CoV-2 e dei casi di COVID-19 in Svizzera e nel Principato del Liechtenstein. Qui trovate dati della carica virale nelle acque reflue basate sul sistema di monitoraggio delle acque reflue, dati delle consultazioni ambulatoriali basate sul sistema di dichiarazione Sentinella, dati delle varianti del virus basate sul sistema di sorveglianza genomica e dati di casi, ospedalizzazioni, decessi e test basate sul sistema di dichiarazione obbligatoria.

heal

fr: Santé

de: Gesundheit

en: Health

it: Salute

abteilung-uebertragbare-krankheiten

fr: Division Maladies transmissibles

de: Abteilung Übertragbare Krankheiten

en: Communicable Diseases Division

it: Divisione Malattie trasmissibili

fr: Les maladies transmissibles constituent une menace pour la santé publique. La division les surveille, publie régulièrement des rapports sur la situation épidémiologique, définit des stratégies de prévention et de contrôle, et les met en œuvre.

en: Communicable diseases pose a risk to public health. The division monitors these diseases, publishing regular reports on the epidemiological situation, laying down and implementing prevention and control strategies.

de: Übertragbare Krankheiten gefährden die öffentliche Gesundheit. Die Abteilung überwacht diese Krankheiten, publiziert regelmässig Berichte zur epidemiologischen Situation, legt Präventions- und Kontrollstrategien fest und setzt sie um.

it: Le malattie trasmissibili mettono in pericolo la salute pubblica. La divisione Malattie trasmissibili le monitora, pubblica regolarmente rapporti sulla situazione epidemiologica, stabilisce strategie di prevenzione e di controllo e le attua.

political_level: confederation

value: DCAT-BAG-IDD Harvester

fr: SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19)

en: SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19)

de: SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19)

it: SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19)


gonorrhoe

title_for_slug: gonorrhoe

name: Bundesamt für Gesundheit, Abteilung Übertragbare Krankheiten

fr: BAG-OFSP-UFSP-FOPH Website

de: BAG-OFSP-UFSP-FOPH Website

en: BAG-OFSP-UFSP-FOPH Website

it: BAG-OFSP-UFSP-FOPH Website

fr: Gonorrhée - système de déclaration obligatoire

en: Gonorrhoea - mandatory reporting system

de: Gonorrhoe - Obligatorisches Meldesystem

it: Gonorrea - sistema di dichiarazione obbligatoria

fr: Données concernant la propagation et l’évolution temporelle des cas de gonorrhée en Suisse et dans la Principauté de Liechtenstein. Vous trouverez des donnés sur les cas provenant du système de déclaration obligatoire.

de: Daten zur Verbreitung und zeitlichen Entwicklung vonGonorrhoe Erkrankungsfällen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein. Sie finden Daten zu Fällen aus dem obligatorischen Meldesystem.

en: Data on the spread and development of gonorrhoea infections and cases in Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein. You will find data on cases from the mandatory reporting system.

it: Dati della diffusione e dell’evoluzione temporale dei casi di gonorrea in Svizzera e nel Principato del Liechtenstein. Qui trovate dati dei casi basate sul sistema di dichiarazione obbligatoria.

gonorrea-ufsp

display_name: gonorrea-ufsp

gonorrhee-ofsp

display_name: gonorrhee-ofsp

gonorrhoe-bag

display_name: gonorrhoe-bag

gonorrhoea-foph

display_name: gonorrhoea-foph

fr: Gonorrhée

en: Gonorrhoea

de: Gonorrhoe

it: Gonorrea


maintainer: Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft, Fachbereich Marktanalysen

en: quantity market-data

fr: SPARQL Endpoint avec présélection du graphe

en: SPARQL Endpoint with graph preselection

de: SPARQL Endpoint mit Vorauswahl des Graph

media_type: application/sparql-query

format: SPARQL

fr: Quantités moyennes mensuelles de lait cru commercialisé à l’échelon de création de valeur Production

de: Monatliche Mengenangaben zur vermarkteten Rohmilch auf der Wertschöpfungsstufe Produktion

en: Monthly quantities on marketed raw milk at production stage of the value chain

it: Volumi mensili di latte crudo commercializzato a livello della catena del valore produzione

market-data

display_name: market-data

quantity

display_name: quantity

agri

fr: Agriculture, pêche, sylviculture et alimentation

de: Landwirtschaft, Fischerei, Forstwirtschaft und Nahrungsmittel

en: Agriculture, fisheries, forestry and food

it: Agricoltura, pesca, silvicoltura e prodotti alimentari

gove

fr: Gouvernement et secteur public

de: Regierung und öffentlicher Sektor

en: Government and public sector

it: Governo e settore pubblico

econ

fr: Économie et finances

de: Wirtschaft und Finanzen

en: Economy and finance

it: Economia e finanze

bundesamt-fur-landwirtschaft-blw

fr: Office fédéral de l'agriculture OFAG

de: Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft BLW

en: Federal Office for Agriculture FOAG

it: Ufficio federale dell'agricoltura UFAG

fr: L’Office fédéral de l’agriculture (OFAG) est le centre de compétence de la Confédération pour les questions relevant du secteur agricole. Il œuvre pour une agriculture multifonctionnelle.

en: The Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG) is the Confederation's competence center for all core issues relating to the agricultural sector. The FOAG promotes multifunctional agriculture.

de: Das Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft (BLW) ist das Kompetenzzentrum des Bundes für den Agrarsektor. Es setzt sich für eine multifunktionale Landwirtschaft ein.

it: L’Ufficio federale dell’agricoltura (UFAG) è il centro di competenza della Confederazione per le questioni inerenti al settore agricolo. Esso si impegna per un'agricoltura multifunzionale.

value: LINDAS DCAT Harvester BLW

fr: Chiffres du marché du lait et des produits laitiers - Quantités produites mensuelles

en: Market figures milk and dairy products - Monthly production quantities

de: Marktzahlen Milch und Milchprodukte - Monatliche Produktionsmengen

it: Cifre di mercato latte e latticini - Volumi di produzione mensili


name: Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft, Fachbereich Marktanalysen

en: price market-data

fr: Prix moyens annuels du lait cru à l’échelon de création de valeur Production

de: Jährliche Durchschnittspreise von Rohmilch auf der Wertschöpfungsstufe Produktion

en: Monthly average prices on marketed raw milk at production stage of the value chain

it: Prezzi medi annui del latte crudo a livello della catena del valore produzione

price

display_name: price

fr: Chiffres du marché du lait et des produits laitiers - Prix annuels à la production

de: Marktzahlen Milch und Milchprodukte - Jährliche Produzentenpreise

en: Market figures milk and dairy products - Annual producer prices

it: Cifre di mercato latte e latticini - Prezzi annuali alla produzione


en: market-data price

fr: Prix moyens annuels et prix indicatifs des aliments pour animaux au niveau de la production

de: Jährliche Durchschnittspreise und Richtpreise für Futtermittel auf der Wertschöpfungsstufe Produktion

en: Annual average prices and reference prices for feedstuffs at the production level

it: Prezzi medi annui e prezzi indicativi dei mangimi al livello della produzione

fr: Chiffres du marché des aliments pour animaux - Prix bruts annuels des producteurs, prix indicatifs

de: Marktzahlen Futtermittel - Jährliche Bruttoproduzentenpreise, Richtpreise

en: Market figures for feedstuffs - Annual gross producer prices, reference prices

it: Dati di mercato dei mangimi - Prezzi annui lordi dei produttori, prezzi indicativi


fr: Prix moyens mensuels des oléagineux au niveau de la consommation

de: Monatliche Durchschnittspreise für Ölsaaten auf der Wertschöpfungsstufe Konsum.

en: Monthly average prices for oilseeds at the consumer level

it: Prezzi medi mensili delle oleaginose al livello del consumo

fr: Chiffres du marché des oléagineux - Prix de consommation mensuels

de: Marktzahlen Ölsaaten - Monatliche Konsumentenpreise

en: Market figures for oilseeds - Monthly consumer prices

it: Dati di mercato delle oleaginose - Prezzi di consumo mensili


fr: Prix moyens annuels des œufs importés et d’une sélection de divers produits importés à base d'œufs à l’échelon de création de valeur transformation et consommation

de: Jährliche Durchschnittspreise für importierte Eiprodukte und Eier auf Wertschöpfungsstufe Verarbeitung und Konsum

en: Annual average prices for a selection of different egg products or eggs at the transformation and consumption stage of the value chain

it: Prezzi medi annui delle uova importate e di una selezione di prodotti importati a base di uovai a livello della catena del valore transformazione e consumi

fr: Chiffres du marché des oeufs - Prix annuels à l'importation

de: Marktzahlen Eier - Jährliche Importpreise

en: Market figures eggs - Annual import prices

it: Cifre del mercato delle uova - Prezzi annuali all'importazione


marktzahlen-eier

title_for_slug: marktzahlen-eier

en: SPARQL Endpoint with graph preselection

fr: Prix moyens mensuels des œufs importés et d’une sélection de divers produits importés à base d'œufs à l’échelon de création de valeur transformation et consommation

en: Monthly average prices for a selection of different egg products or eggs at value creation level transformation and consumption

de: Monatliche Durchschnittspreise für importierte Eiprodukte und Eier auf Wertschöpfungsstufe Verarbeitung und Konsum

it: Prezzi medi mensili delle uova importate e di una selezione di prodotti importati a base di uova a livello della catena del valore transformazione e consumi

fr: Chiffres du marché des oeufs - Prix mensuels à l'importation

de: Marktzahlen Eier - Monatliche Importpreise

en: Market figures eggs - Monthly import prices

it: Cifre del mercato delle uova - Prezzi mensili all'importazione


fr: SPARQL Endpoint avec présélection du graphe

de: SPARQL Endpoint mit Vorauswahl des Graph

fr: Prix mensuels pour les céréales panifiables, la farine et les produits de boulangerie au niveau du commerce de gros/transformation

en: Monthly prices for bread cereals, flour, and bakery products at the wholesale/processing level

de: Monatliche Preise für Brotgetreide, Mehl und Backwaren auf der Wertschöpfungsstufe Grosshandel/Verarbeitung

it: Prezzi mensili per cereali panificabili, farina e prodotti da forno al livello del commercio all’ingrosso/trasformazione

agri

en: Agriculture, fisheries, forestry and food

gove

en: Government and public sector

econ

en: Economy and finance

fr: Chiffres du marché des céréales panifiables - Prix de transformation mensuels

de: Marktzahlen Brotgetreide - Monatliche Verarbeitungspreise

en: Market figures for bread cereals - Monthly processing prices

it: Dati di mercato dei cereali panificabili - Prezzi di trasformazione mensili


fr: Prix moyens annuels des œufs et d’une sélection de divers produits à base d'œufs à l’échelon de création de valeur consommation

de: Jährliche Durchschnittspreise ausgewählter Eiprodukte und Eier auf der Wertschöpfungsstufe Konsum

en: Annual average prices for a selection of different egg products or eggs at the consumption stage of the value chain

it: Prezzi medi annui delle uova e di una selezione di prodotti a base di uova nella fase di consumo della catena del valore

agri

fr: Agriculture, pêche, sylviculture et alimentation

de: Landwirtschaft, Fischerei, Forstwirtschaft und Nahrungsmittel

it: Agricoltura, pesca, silvicoltura e prodotti alimentari

gove

fr: Gouvernement et secteur public

de: Regierung und öffentlicher Sektor

it: Governo e settore pubblico

fr: Économie et finances

de: Wirtschaft und Finanzen

bundesamt-fur-landwirtschaft-blw

en: Federal Office for Agriculture FOAG

en: The Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG) is the Confederation's competence center for all core issues relating to the agricultural sector. The FOAG promotes multifunctional agriculture.

fr: Chiffres du marché des oeufs - Prix annuels à la consommation

de: Marktzahlen Eier - Jährliche Konsumentenpreise

en: Market figures eggs - Annual consumer prices

it: Cifre del mercato delle uova - Prezzi annuali al consumo


projektierte-gebaude

regi

fr: Régions et villes

de: Regionen und Städte

en: Regions and cities

it: Regioni e città

envi

fr: Environnement

de: Umwelt

en: Environment

it: Ambiente

title_for_slug: projektierte-gebaude

fr: gebaudeadresse liegenschaft amtliche-vermessung-av einzelobjekt

fr: geocat.ch permalien

de: geocat.ch Permalink

en: geocat.ch permalink

it: geocat.ch link permanente

fr: WFS-Dienst des Kantons Schwyz

de: WFS-Dienst des Kantons Schwyz

en: WFS-Dienst des Kantons Schwyz

it: WFS-Dienst des Kantons Schwyz

format: WFS

fr: projektierte Bodenbedeckung

de: projektierte Bodenbedeckung

en: projektierte Bodenbedeckung

it: projektierte Bodenbedeckung

format: WMS

fr: Produkteinformation zu den AV-Daten

de: Produkteinformation zu den AV-Daten

en: Produkteinformation zu den AV-Daten

it: Produkteinformation zu den AV-Daten

fr: Amtliche Vermessung/Bodenbedeckung: Gebäude projektiert

fr: Projektierte Gebäude sind geplante Gebäude, für welche ein Baugesuch genehmigt wurde. Die Vergabe der projektierte Gebäudenummer kann sich zeitlich verzögern. Form und Grösse können vom endgültigen Zustand abweichen.

spatial: Kanton Schwyz (SZ)

fr: SZ Amt für Geoinformation

de: SZ Amt für Geoinformation

en: SZ Amt für Geoinformation

it: SZ Amt für Geoinformation

amt-geoinformation-sz

de: Amt für Geoinformation Kanton Schwyz

de: Das Amt für Geoinformation verwaltet und veröffentlicht die Geodaten des Kantons Schwyz als OGC-Geodienste und als Datei-Download. Alle aktuell verfügbaren Geodaten, welche dem OGD unterliegen, sind hier aufgeführt.

political_level: canton

value: SZ-Kt Geoinformation - Geocat Harvester

fr: Projektierte Gebäude

de: Projektierte Gebäude

en: Projektierte Gebäude

it: Projektierte Gebäude


grenzpunkte

title_for_slug: grenzpunkte

fr: amtliche-vermessung-av liegenschaft grundstuck fixpunkt staatsgrenze

fr: Grenzpunkte sind Bestandteil des Datenmodells der amtlichen Vermessung des Bundes. Grenzzeichen markieren den Grenzverlauf und machen die Eigentumsverhältnisse im Gelände sichtbar. Zulässige Grenzzeichen sind u. a.: Granitmarkstein, Kunststoffgrenzzeichen, Bolzen, Kreuz und Vermarkungsrohr. Teilweise wird auf das Anbringen von Grenzzeichen verzichtet (z.B. bei dauernd eindeutig erkennbaren natürlichen Abgrenzungen bei Gewässern). Fixpunkte, welche sich auf einer Grundstücksgrenze befinden, werden in diesem Datensatz ebenfalls dargestellt.

fr: Grenzpunkte

de: Grenzpunkte

en: Grenzpunkte

it: Grenzpunkte


waldgrenzen-oereb

agri

fr: Agriculture, pêche, sylviculture et alimentation

en: Agriculture, fisheries, forestry and food

title_for_slug: waldgrenzen-oereb

fr: waldrand waldgrenze waldfeststellung waldabstand forstrecht

fr: statische Waldgrenzen

de: statische Waldgrenzen

en: statische Waldgrenzen

it: statische Waldgrenzen

fr: ÖREB: statische Waldgrenze (Wirkungsbereich)

fr: ÖREB: statische Waldgrenze (Linie)

de: ÖREB: statische Waldgrenze (Linie)

en: ÖREB: statische Waldgrenze (Linie)

it: ÖREB: statische Waldgrenze (Linie)

fr: MGDM CH Datenmodell, geodienste.ch (INTERLIS, GeoPackage, Shapefile)

fr: MGDM CH Datenmodell, geodienste.ch

de: MGDM CH Datenmodell, geodienste.ch

en: MGDM CH Datenmodell, geodienste.ch

it: MGDM CH Datenmodell, geodienste.ch

fr: Richtlinien für Waldfeststellungen im Kanton Schwyz

fr: Grundlagen für das offizielle Waldfeststellungsverfahren im Kanton Schwyz

fr: Forstrechtlich relevante Grenzlinien von Waldflächen gegenüber Bauzonen. Der Datensatz ist auch Bestandteil des Katasters der öffentlich-rechtlichen Eigentumsbeschränkungen (ÖREB)

fr: SZ Amt für Wald und Natur

de: SZ Amt für Wald und Natur

en: SZ Amt für Wald und Natur

it: SZ Amt für Wald und Natur

fr: Waldgrenzen

de: Waldgrenzen

en: Waldgrenzen

it: Waldgrenzen


maintainer: Alexander Kral

de: leerstand leer-stehende-wohnungen zimmer statistikdaten leerwohnungszahlung

de: csv

de: Leerwohnungsbestand nach Zimmerzahl, Gemeinde und Jahr (seit 2002) (csv)

de: turtle

media_type: text/turtle

de: Leerwohnungsbestand nach Zimmerzahl, Gemeinde und Jahr (seit 2002) (turtle)

format: RDF Turtle

mimetype: text/turtle

de: jsonld

de: Leerwohnungsbestand nach Zimmerzahl, Gemeinde und Jahr (seit 2002) (jsonld)

format: JSON-LD

mimetype: application/ld+json

de: xls

de: Leerwohnungsbestand nach Zimmerzahl, Gemeinde und Jahr (seit 2002) (xls)

de: parquet

de: Leerwohnungsbestand nach Zimmerzahl, Gemeinde und Jahr (seit 2002) (parquet)

format: PARQUET

de: jsonl

media_type: application/json

de: Leerwohnungsbestand nach Zimmerzahl, Gemeinde und Jahr (seit 2002) (jsonl)

format: JSON

mimetype: application/json

de: Leerwohnungsbestand nach Zimmerzahl, Gemeinde und Jahr (seit 2002) (n3)

de: json

de: Leerwohnungsbestand nach Zimmerzahl, Gemeinde und Jahr (seit 2002) (json)

de: rdfxml

media_type: application/rdf+xml

de: Leerwohnungsbestand nach Zimmerzahl, Gemeinde und Jahr (seit 2002) (rdfxml)

format: RDF XML

mimetype: application/rdf+xml

de: Leer stehende Wohnungen am 1. Juni des jeweiligen Jahres

leer-stehende-wohnungen

display_name: leer-stehende-wohnungen

leerstand

display_name: leerstand

leerwohnungszahlung

display_name: leerwohnungszahlung

statistikdaten

display_name: statistikdaten

zimmer

display_name: zimmer

soci

fr: Population et société

de: Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft

en: Population and society

it: Popolazione e società

de: kanton-basel-landschaft

kanton-basel-landschaft

fr: Canton de Bâle-Campagne

de: Kanton Basel-Landschaft

en: Canton of Basel-Country

it: Cantone di Basilea-Campagna

en:
The Canton of Basel-Country publishes open datasets of cantonal offices and agencies.
Further information at https://ogd.bl.ch/

de:
Der Kanton Basel-Landschaft veröffentlicht nach und nach Open Government Datensätze von kantonalen Ämtern und Dienststellen.
Weitere Informationen unter https://ogd.bl.ch/

value: BL - DCAT