anzahl-verbundsabo-je-plz

de:
Der Datensatz umfasst die verkauften Jahresabo eines Verbundes, welche Ende Jahr gültig im Umlauf waren,  aufgeteilt auf die Postleitzahl des Rechnungsempfängers. In den aktuellen Daten sind die Abonnementsangaben zum Tarifverbund Nordwestschweiz (TNW) nicht enthalten, in früheren Jahren sind auch Angaben anderer Tarifverbunde nicht enthalten.

Gründe für die Publikation
Der VÖV hat letztes Jahr die Zahlen zu GA/HTA veröffentlicht. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt gab es einige Anfragen zu den Verbundsabo. Die Verbünde veröffentlichen deshalb nun auch diese Zahlen. Die  Verteilung der Jahresabo kann für die Verkehrsmodelle, Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen und  Studien verwendet werden.

en: proprietary data group-subscription without-transport-service administration analyst

de: proprietar embag daten verbundsabo ohne-beforderungsleistung verwaltung analyst

fr: proprietaire lmeta donnees abonnement-collective sans-prestation-de-transport administration analyste

it: proprietario lmeca dati abbonamento-gruppo senza-servizio-di-transporto amministrazione analista

oevch

fr: Le Secrétariat des tâches du système d’information à la clientèle (SKI) publie pour le compte de l’OFT les données de l’ensemble des transports publics de Suisse.

en: Working on behalf of the Swiss Federal Office of Transport (FOT), the Customer Information System Tasks (SKI) business office publishes data on all public transport in Switzerland

de: Die Geschäftsstelle Systemaufgaben Kundeninformation (SKI) veröffentlicht im Auftrag des BAV die Daten des gesamten öffentlichen Verkehrs der Schweiz

it: Il servizio commerciale Attività di sistema Informazione alla clientela (SKI) pubblica, per conto dell’UFT, i dati di tutto il trasporto pubblico in Svizzera.

de: Geschäftsstelle Systemaufgaben Kundeninformation (SBB AG)

en: Business office of Customer Information System Tasks (SBB CFF FFS)

fr: Secrétariat des tâches du système d’information à la clientèle (CFF SA)

it: Servizio commerciale Attività di sistema Informazione alla clientela (FFS SA)

political_level: other

schweizerische-bundesbahnen-sbb

capacity: public

de: Schweizerische Bundesbahnen (SBB)

en: Swiss Federal Railways (SBB)

fr: Chemins de fer fédéraux suisses (CFF)

it: Ferrovie Federali Svizzere (FFS)

de: Cookbook (Documentation)

en: Cookbook (Documentation)

fr: Cookbook (Documentation)

it: Cookbook (Documentation)

spatial: Schweiz

de: Anzahl Verbundsabo je PLZ

en: Number of annual group subscription per postcode

fr: Nombre d'abonnements collectifs annuels par code postal

it: Numero di abbonamenti annuali di gruppo per codice postale

title_for_slug: anzahl-verbundsabo-je-plz

value: Opentransportdata - DCAT Harvester

tran

de: Verkehr

en:
The dataset contains the sold annual subscriptions of a network, which were valid at the end of the year, divided into the postal code of the bill recipient. The current dataset does not include subscription data for the tariff association Tarifverbund Nordwestschweiz (TNW); in earlier years, data from other tariff associations is also not included.

Reasons for publication
Last year, the "Public Transport Association" published the figures for general season tickets and half-fare season tickets. At that time, there were several enquiries about the association subscriptions. The associations are therefore now publishing these figures as well. The distribution of the annual subscription can be used for traffic models, scientific studies and studies.

Unireso and Mobilis are available since 2020.

fr:
L'enregistrement de données contient l'abonnement annuel vendu d'un groupe, qui était valable à la fin de l'année, divisé en code postal du destinataire de la facture. Les données actuelles ne comprennent pas les données relatives aux abonnements de la communauté tarifaire Tarifverbund Nordwestschweiz (TNW) ; les données des années précédentes ne comprennent pas non plus les données d'autres communautés tarifaires.

Raisons de la publication
L'année dernière, le "Verband öffentlicher Verkehr" a publié les chiffres des abonnements généraux et des abonnements demi-tarifs. A cette époque, il y avait un certain nombre de demandes de renseignements sur les abonnements au Verbund. C'est pourquoi les alliances publient maintenant aussi ces chiffres. La répartition de l'abonnement annuel peut être utilisée pour des modèles de trafic, des études scientifiques et des études.

Unireso et Mobilis sont disponibles depuis 2020.

it:
Il record di dati contiene l'abbonamento annuale venduto di un gruppo, valido alla fine dell'anno, suddiviso nel codice postale del destinatario della fattura. I dati attuali non includono i dati degli abbonamenti dell'associazione tariffaria Tarifverbund Nordwestschweiz (TNW); negli anni precedenti, non sono stati inclusi nemmeno i dati di altre associazioni tariffarie.

Motivi della pubblicazione
L'anno scorso il "Verband öffentlicher Verkehr" ha pubblicato i dati relativi agli abbonamenti generali e agli abbonamenti a metà prezzo. A quel tempo, c'erano diverse richieste di informazioni sugli abbonamenti Verbund. Le alleanze pubblicano ora anche queste cifre. La distribuzione dell'abbonamento annuale può essere utilizzata per modelli di traffico, studi scientifici e studi.
Unireso e Mobilis sono disponibili dal 2020.

de: Anzahl Verbundsabo je PLZ 2017-2024

en: Number of subscribers per postcode 2017-2024

fr: Nombre d'abonnés par code postal 2017-2024

it: Numero di abbonati per codice postale 2017-2024

abbonamento-gruppo

display_name: abbonamento-gruppo

abonnement-collective

display_name: abonnement-collective

administration

display_name: administration

amministrazione

display_name: amministrazione

analista

display_name: analista

analyst

display_name: analyst

analyste

display_name: analyste

data

display_name: data

daten

display_name: daten

dati

display_name: dati

donnees

display_name: donnees

embag

display_name: embag

group-subscription

display_name: group-subscription

lmeca

display_name: lmeca

lmeta

display_name: lmeta

ohne-beforderungsleistung

display_name: ohne-beforderungsleistung

proprietaire

display_name: proprietaire

proprietar

display_name: proprietar

proprietario

display_name: proprietario

proprietary

display_name: proprietary

sans-prestation-de-transport

display_name: sans-prestation-de-transport

senza-servizio-di-transporto

display_name: senza-servizio-di-transporto

verbundsabo

display_name: verbundsabo

verwaltung

display_name: verwaltung

without-transport-service

display_name: without-transport-service


$oid: OBSOLETE

en: Fruchtfolgeflächen (FFF) sind die wertvollsten Landwirtschaftsflächen. Sie erfüllen klar definierte Kriterien punkto Bodenbeschaffenheit und klimatischer Verhältnisse. Gemäss dem Sachplan des Bundes muss jeder Kanton einen Mindestumfang an FFF gewährleisten. Für den Kt. Schaffhausen beträgt dieser Mindestumfang 8900 ha. Das Hauptziel des Sachplans FFF ist es, die ausreichende Versorgungsbasis des Landes mit Nahrungsmitteln in schweren Mangellagen zu sichern. Die FFF wurden 1985 von den Ackerbaustellenleitern erfasst und seither nicht grundsätzlich überarbeitet, sondern an die Gegebenheiten wie Bauzonen, Strassen, Wald, Naturschutz sowie Vermessungsgrundlagen angepasst. Erweiterungen von Bauzonen auf FFF erfordern eine Kompensation dieser Fläche sowie Nachweis des öffentlichen Interesses.

amt-geoinformation-kanton-schaffhausen

approval_status: approved

fr: L'Office de la géoinformation gère et publie les géodonnées du canton de Schaffhouse sous forme de géoservices OGC et de fichiers à télécharger. Toutes les géodonnées actuellement disponibles et soumises à l'OGD sont listées ici.

en: The Office of Geoinformation manages and publishes the geodata of the Canton of Schaffhausen as OGC geodata services and as file downloads. All currently available geodata subject to OGD are listed here.

de: Das Amt für Geoinformation verwaltet und veröffentlicht die Geodaten des Kantons Schaffhausen als OGC-Geodienste und als Datei-Download. Alle aktuell verfügbaren Geodaten, welche dem OGD unterliegen, sind hier aufgeführt.

it: L'Ufficio di geoinformazione gestisce e pubblica i geodati del Cantone di Sciaffusa come geoservizi OGC e come file da scaricare. Tutti i geodati attualmente disponibili soggetti all'OGD sono elencati qui.

de: Amt für Geoinformation Kanton Schaffhausen

en: Office for Geoinformation Canton Schaffhausen

fr: Office de la géoinformation du canton de Schaffhouse

it: Ufficio di geoinformazione del Cantone di Sciaffusa

political_level: canton

state: active

type: organization

en: Planungs- und Naturschutzamt

it: Planungs- und Naturschutzamt

de: Planungs- und Naturschutzamt

fr: Planungs- und Naturschutzamt

fr: geocat.ch permalien

de: geocat.ch Permalink

en: geocat.ch permalink

it: geocat.ch link permanente

spatial: Kanton Schaffhausen

type: dataset

regi

de: Regionen und Städte

en: Regions and cities

fr: Régions et villes

it: Regioni e città

envi

de: Umwelt

en: Environment

fr: Environnement

it: Ambiente

en: CH Datenmodell, geodienste.ch (INTERLIS, GeoPackage, Shapefile)

en: CH Datenmodell, geodienste.ch

it: CH Datenmodell, geodienste.ch

de: CH Datenmodell, geodienste.ch

fr: CH Datenmodell, geodienste.ch

format: WFS

format: WMS

value: Amt für Geoinformation Kt. SH – Geocat Harvester


en: Das Thema "Erdwärmesonden" zeigt den ungefähren Standort der bewilligten Erdwärmesonden an. Das Zusatzattribut "Länge" gibt die Tiefe der Erdwärmesonde in Meter an. Die Datenpunkte werden laufend aktualisiert.

en: energie erdwarmesonden

de: energie erdwarmesonden

fr: energie erdwarmesonden

it: energie erdwarmesonden

en: Tiefbau Schaffhausen Gewässer und Materialabbau

en: Energie Erdwärmesonden Kanton Schaffhausen

ener

de: Energie

en: Energy

fr: Énergie

it: Energia

en: Kanton Schaffhausen

it: Kanton Schaffhausen

de: Kanton Schaffhausen

fr: Kanton Schaffhausen


en: Mobilität ist für Wildtiere lebenswichtig. Sie ermöglicht den genetischen Austausch zwischen den verschiedenen Populationen und die saisonalen Wanderungen einzelner Populationen in ihren Lebensraum oder zwischen disjunkten Teillebensräumen. Die Lebensräume für wild lebende Tiere werden enger und häufiger fragmentiert. Insbesondere stark befahrene Strassen, Bahntrassen und kanalisierte Fliessgewässer stellen für viele Wildtiere nahezu unüberwindbare Barrieren dar. Dadurch werden Lebensräume lokaler Populationen zerschnitten und traditionelle Fernwechsel unterbunden. Um überleben zu können, sind viele Tierarten auf eine Verbindung und einen Austausch mit anderen Populationen angewiesen. Die im Richtplan ausgeschiedenen Wildtierkorridore von regionaler Bedeutung bezeichnen Korridore, bei welchen der Zustand verbessert und die Durchgängigkeit auf regionaler Ebene sichergestellt werden soll. Der Kanton und die Gemeinden berücksichtigen bei der Erfüllung ihrer Aufgabe die im Richtplan ausgewiesenen Wildtierkorridore. Für alle Gebiete mit Wildtierpassagen ist die Durchgängigkeit für die entsprechenden Tiergruppen sicherzustellen. Intakte Korridore sind zu erhalten. Die im Kantonalen Richtplan 2015 ausgeschiedenen Wildtierkorridore von regionaler Bedeutung stehen als Planungsinstrument zur Verfügung.

en: naturschutz reptilien amphibien fledermause wildtierkorridore

en: Jagd und Fischerei

it: Jagd und Fischerei

de: Jagd und Fischerei

fr: Jagd und Fischerei

en: Wildtierkorridore von regionaler Bedeutung des Kantons Schaffhausen

agri

de: Landwirtschaft, Fischerei, Forstwirtschaft und Nahrungsmittel

en: Agriculture, fisheries, forestry and food

fr: Agriculture, pêche, sylviculture et alimentation

it: Agricoltura, pesca, silvicoltura e prodotti alimentari

tran

en: Transport

fr: Transports

it: Trasporti

en: SH Datenmodell (GeoPackage, DXF, Shapefile)

format: ZIP


en: Die Deckschicht zeigt die ungefähre Ausdehnung von feinkörnigen, schlecht durchlässigen Schichten im Bereich der nutzbaren Grundwasservorkommen auf. Diese Schichten sind mehrere Meter mächtig und schützen das Grundwasser vor einsickernden Verunreinigungen. In diesen Gebieten gibt es Bohreinschränkungen, um die Deckschicht nicht zu verletzen.

en: umwelt grundwasser deckschicht

de: umwelt grundwasser deckschicht

fr: umwelt grundwasser deckschicht

it: umwelt grundwasser deckschicht

amt-geoinformation-kanton-schaffhausen

en: The Office of Geoinformation manages and publishes the geodata of the Canton of Schaffhausen as OGC geodata services and as file downloads. All currently available geodata subject to OGD are listed here.

en: Office for Geoinformation Canton Schaffhausen

it: Tiefbau Schaffhausen Gewässer und Materialabbau

en: geocat.ch permalink

en: Grundwasser Deckschicht Kanton Schaffhausen

regi

en: Regions and cities

en: (GeoPackage, DXF, Shapefile)

it: (GeoPackage, DXF, Shapefile)

de: (GeoPackage, DXF, Shapefile)

fr: (GeoPackage, DXF, Shapefile)


wanderwege-kanton-schaffhausen

en: Der Datensatz enthält Informationen über das Wanderwegnetz des Kantons Schaffhausen. Es beschreibt u.a. die Beschaffenheit der Belagsoberfläche.

en: Tiefbau Schaffhausen Verkehr und Infrastrukturbau

en: Wanderwege Kanton Schaffhausen

it: Wanderwege Kanton Schaffhausen

de: Wanderwege Kanton Schaffhausen

fr: Wanderwege Kanton Schaffhausen

title_for_slug: wanderwege-kanton-schaffhausen


en: Darstellung der Hauptheizsysteme von Gebäuden.

amt-geoinformation-kanton-schaffhausen

it: L'Ufficio di geoinformazione gestisce e pubblica i geodati del Cantone di Sciaffusa come geoservizi OGC e come file da scaricare. Tutti i geodati attualmente disponibili soggetti all'OGD sono elencati qui.

en: Energiefachstelle des Kantons Schaffhausen

en: Energie Anteil erneuerbare Heizsysteme pro Gemeinde Kanton Schaffhausen

educ

de: Bildung, Kultur und Sport

en: Education, culture and sport

fr: Éducation, culture et sport

it: Istruzione, cultura e sport

ener

en: Energy

envi

en: Environment

en: Kanton Schaffhausen


hohenkurven-kanton-schaffhausen

en: Die Höhenkurven sind über den ganzen Kanton Schaffhausen verfügbar. Verfügbare Äquidistanzen zwischen den Höhenkurven sind 1.0 m. Die Höhenkurven werden mit Liniengeometrie samt Höhenattribut geliefert. Als Berechnungsgrundlage dient das swissSURFACE 3D der swisstopo basierend auf Laserscanning-Daten aus der Befliegung vom 2018.

en: hohenkurven hohenmodell

de: hohenkurven hohenmodell

fr: hohenkurven hohenmodell

it: hohenkurven hohenmodell

amt-geoinformation-kanton-schaffhausen

fr: L'Office de la géoinformation gère et publie les géodonnées du canton de Schaffhouse sous forme de géoservices OGC et de fichiers à télécharger. Toutes les géodonnées actuellement disponibles et soumises à l'OGD sont listées ici.

it: Ufficio di geoinformazione del Cantone di Sciaffusa

en: Amt für Geoinformation des Kantons Schaffhausen

en: Höhenkurven Kanton Schaffhausen

it: Höhenkurven Kanton Schaffhausen

de: Höhenkurven Kanton Schaffhausen

fr: Höhenkurven Kanton Schaffhausen

title_for_slug: hohenkurven-kanton-schaffhausen


versorgungsrouten-kanton-schaffhausen

en: Die betriebliche kantonale Versorgungsrouten für Ausnahmetransporte (ATR) dienen der Erschliessung von Kraft- und Unterwerken der Elektrizitätswirtschaft, die für die Landesversorgung von Bedeutung sind.

amt-geoinformation-kanton-schaffhausen

en: The Office of Geoinformation manages and publishes the geodata of the Canton of Schaffhausen as OGC geodata services and as file downloads. All currently available geodata subject to OGD are listed here.

de: Das Amt für Geoinformation verwaltet und veröffentlicht die Geodaten des Kantons Schaffhausen als OGC-Geodienste und als Datei-Download. Alle aktuell verfügbaren Geodaten, welche dem OGD unterliegen, sind hier aufgeführt.

de: Amt für Geoinformation Kanton Schaffhausen

en: Office for Geoinformation Canton Schaffhausen

fr: Office de la géoinformation du canton de Schaffhouse

it: Tiefbau Schaffhausen Verkehr und Infrastrukturbau

fr: geocat.ch permalien

en: geocat.ch permalink

it: geocat.ch link permanente

en: Versorgungsrouten Kanton Schaffhausen

it: Versorgungsrouten Kanton Schaffhausen

de: Versorgungsrouten Kanton Schaffhausen

fr: Versorgungsrouten Kanton Schaffhausen

title_for_slug: versorgungsrouten-kanton-schaffhausen

soci

de: Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft

en: Population and society

fr: Population et société

it: Popolazione e società

regi

it: Regioni e città

envi

it: Ambiente


en:
Throughfall, litterflow and soil solution were sampled during one whole year under five Oriental beech trees in a mixed Hyrcanian beech forest. The amounts of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ in these fluxes were calculated based on their concentrations and the sampled volumes, and subsequently compared with the respective fluxes in the rainfall and soil solution of an adjacent forest gap.
In addition six soil profiles, one close to every single tree and one in the forest gap, were analyzed for pH, CaCO3, organic matter and texture.

en: biogeochemical-cycling calcium fagus-orientalis-lipsky magnesium potassium

envidat

fr: EnviDat est le portail de données du WSL; il offre un accès uniformisé et réglementé aux données de surveillance et de recherche en matière d’environnement. Ce portail est capable d’héberger et de publier des ensembles de données précieuses et uniques, qui sont partagées aux quatre coins de la planète. Ce faisant, EnviDat favorise la recherche et contribue à l’avancement des sciences environnementales.

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

de: EnviDat ist das Datenportal der WSL für einen einheitlichen und verwalteten Zugang zu Umweltdaten aus Monitoring- und Forschungsprojekten. Auf dem Portal können Datensätze gehostet und veröffentlicht werden. Durch die weltweite Bereitstellung einzigartiger und wertvoller Datensätze leistet EnviDat einen Beitrag zur Forschung im Bereich der Umweltwissenschaften.

it: EnviDat è il portale dati del WSL che fornisce un accesso unificato e gestito ai dati di monitoraggio ambientale e di ricerca. Il portale ha la capacità di ospitare e pubblicare serie di dati preziosi e unici che vengono condivisi in tutto il mondo. Così facendo, EnviDat promuove la ricerca e contribuisce al progresso della scienza ambientale.

de: EnviDat: das Umwelt-Datenportal

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

fr: EnviDat: le portail de données environnementales

it: EnviDat: il portale dei dati ambientali

en: Base cation dynamics in an Oriental beech forest

key: guid

key: uri

value: Envidat Harvester

en: Concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, and Na in throughfall, litterflow and soil solution of a Hyrcanian forst in Northern Iran

format: XLS

biogeochemical-cycling

display_name: biogeochemical-cycling

calcium

display_name: calcium

fagus-orientalis-lipsky

display_name: fagus-orientalis-lipsky

magnesium

display_name: magnesium

potassium

display_name: potassium


en:
The files contain the datasets used to produce Figures 2, 3, and 4 of the manuscript ([doi: 10.1002/2016GL071822](http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071822)).

 Manuscript Abstract:
Despite being the main sediment entrainment mechanism in aeolian transport, granular splash is still poorly understood. We provide a deeper insight into the dynamics of sand and snow ejection with a stochastic model derived from the energy and momentum conservation laws. Our analysis highlights that the ejection regime of uniform sand is inherently different from that of heterogeneous sand. Moreover, we show that cohesive snow presents a mixed ejection regime, statistically controlled either by energy or momentum conservation depending on the impact velocity. The proposed formulation can provide a solid base for granular splash simulations in saltation models, leading to more reliable assessments of aeolian transport on Earth and Mars.

en: erosion mars model sediment-transport snow

en: Energy- and momentum-conserving model of splash entrainment in sand and snow saltation

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Datasets of Figure 2

format: TXT

media_type: text/plain

en: Datasets of Figure 3a

en: Datasets of Figure 3b

en: Datasets of Figure 4a

en: Datasets of Figure 4b

erosion

display_name: erosion

mars

display_name: mars

model

display_name: model

sediment-transport

display_name: sediment-transport

snow

display_name: snow


en: The dataset provides simulated 1) precipitation, 2) discharge, 3) soil moisture, and 4) low-flow simulations for 307 medium-sized catchments in Switzerland for the period 1981-2018. The data were simulated using the hydrological model PREVAH in its gridded-version. The simulated time series are provided at daily resolution. A detailed description of the modeling approach can be found in Brunner et al. 2019 submitted to NHESS.

en: discharge drought-2018 hydrological-simulations low-flow precipitation prevah soil-moisture

en: Hydro-meteorological simulations for the period 1981-2018 for Switzerland

en: Shapefile of 307 catchments for which simulations of precipitation, discharge, soil moisture, and low flow are provided. The OBJECTID entry corresponds to the data columns in the textfiles of the simulated data provided.

en: Shapefile of 307 catchments in Switzerland

media_type: application/zip

en: Simulated precipitation for the 307 medium-sized catchments. The first column provides the date in the format YYYYMMDD. One column corresponds to one catchment. Unit: mm/d.

en: Precipitation

en: Simulated discharge for the 307 medium-sized catchments. The first column provides the date in the format YYYYMMDD. One column corresponds to one catchment. Unit: mm/d.

en: Discharge

en: Simulated plant-available soil moisture for the 307 medium-sized catchments. The first column provides the date in the format YYYYMMDD. One column corresponds to one catchment. Unit: mm.

en: Soil moisture

en: Simulated low-flow storage for the 307 medium-sized catchments. The first column provides the date in the format YYYYMMDD. One column corresponds to one catchment. Unit: mm.

en: Low-flow storage

discharge

display_name: discharge

hydrological-simulations

display_name: hydrological-simulations

low-flow

display_name: low-flow

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

prevah

display_name: prevah

soil-moisture

display_name: soil-moisture


data-broedlin-cnp

en: Mircocosm experiment to identify the individual patterns and controls of C, N, and P mobilization in soils under beech forests. Organic and mineral horizons sampled along a nutrient availability gradient in Germany were exposed to either permanent moist conditions or to dry spells in microcosms and quantified the release of inorganic and organic C, N, and P.

en: carbon dissolved-organic-matter drying-rewetting forest mineralization nitrogen phosphorus soil stoichiometry

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Data Broedlin CNP

title_for_slug: data-broedlin-cnp

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Data Broedlin-CNP

en: Raw data of C-N-P mobilization experiment from Oi, Oe/Oa, and A horizons of beech forest soils along a nutrient availability gradient.

en: Data Broedlin-CNP-Release

carbon

display_name: carbon

dissolved-organic-matter

display_name: dissolved-organic-matter

drying-rewetting

display_name: drying-rewetting

forest

display_name: forest

mineralization

display_name: mineralization

nitrogen

display_name: nitrogen

phosphorus

display_name: phosphorus

soil

display_name: soil

stoichiometry

display_name: stoichiometry


en:
Naturally, large parts of the Swiss Plateau are characterised by wetlands
and meandering rivers. That this is no longer the case today is the result
of centuries of efforts to obtain dry land. But how did this process take
place? What were the relevant actors and what were their motivations? And
what can be said about the ecological consequences of this development?

In a research project on the history of wetlands in Switzerland since 1700,
we conducted (a) a historical analysis of the development of land use in
wetlands and the actors involved, (b) a historical-cartographic
reconstruction of wetland extent since 1850 and (c) an evaluation of
ecological effects of changes in wetlands on various organisms groups.

The series of GIS layers on wetland history stem from the second part of
the project. The area reconstruction is based on digitized and homogenized
signatures from national map series, as they have been available since
about 1850. Details about the digitalization process and the homogenization
procedures applied ("Rekonstruktionen") are included in Stuber & Bürgi
2019.

Book Citation:
 > Stuber M, Bürgi M (2019) Vom «eroberten Land» zum Renaturierungsprojekt. Geschichte der Feuchtgebiete in der Schweiz seit 1700. "Bristol Schriftenreihe", Band 59. Haupt Verlag, Bern, Stuttgart, Wien. 262 Seiten.

en: ecology environmental---history environmental--policy historical-carthography switzerland wetlands

en: History of wetlands in Switzerland since 1850

en:
 History of wetlands - GIS-Layers
 Location of wetlands based on signatures in topographic maps
* Basis 1850: original measuring table sheets Dufour created between the years 1834 and 1863.
* Basis 1900/ Basis 1950: The Siegfried maps were updated and published at regular intervals between 1870 and 1949. This long period of time made it possible to reconstruct wetlands for two periods based on the Siegfried Maps: the first edition (hereinafter referred to as "1900") and the last edition ("1950").
* Basis 2010: Map sheets from the National Map from 2006 to 2011 were used for the most recent time period of the reconstruction.
 Location of wetlands due to reconstructions
The reconstruction **must not** be interpreted in the sense of a surface-accurate separation, but shows without claim to location accuracy the approximate extent of the areas that would have corresponded to the mapping criteria for wetlands used in today's topographic maps around 1850, 1900 and 1950. The basics can be found in Stuber & Bürgi 2019, chapter 5.4.

en: Wetlands 1850 - 2010 (shapefiles)

ecology

display_name: ecology

environmental---history

display_name: environmental---history

environmental--policy

display_name: environmental--policy

historical-carthography

display_name: historical-carthography

switzerland

display_name: switzerland

wetlands

display_name: wetlands


en:
This data set includes GPS-derived snow water equivalent (SWE), snow depth (HS) and liquid water content (LWC) data for three entire snow-covered seasons (2015-2016, 2016-2017, 2017-2018) at the study plot Weissfluhjoch 2540 m a.s.l. (Davos, Switzerland). The procedure to derive these snow properties is described in Koch et al. (2019). The novel approach is based on a combination of GPS signal attenuation and time delay.

The dataset also includes corresponding validation data for SWE and HS measured at Weissfluhjoch, and some additional meteorological data used for interpretation of the snow cover evolution.

Please refer to the Read-me file for further details on the data.

These data are the basis of the following publication:
> Koch, F., Henkel, P., Appel, F., Schmid, L., Bach, H., Lamm, M., Prasch, M., Schweizer, J., and Mauser, W., 2019. Retrieval of snow water equivalent, liquid water content and snow height of dry and wet snow by combining GPS signal attenuation and time delay. Water Resources Research, 55(5), 4465-4487. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR024431

en: gps liquid-water-content snow snow-cover snow-depth

en: GPS-derived data of SWE, HS and LWC and corresponding validation data

en: The read-me file contains the description of the data provided.

en: Read-me

format: PDF

media_type: application/pdf

en: This file includes the data as described in the Read-me file.

en: Dataset with GPS-derived snow cover properties and validation data

format: CSV

media_type: text/csv

gps

display_name: gps

liquid-water-content

display_name: liquid-water-content

snow

display_name: snow

snow-cover

display_name: snow-cover

snow-depth

display_name: snow-depth


en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Othmarsingen in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural deciduous forest stand (OTB) with European beech (_Fagus sylvatica_; 120-140 yrs) and lime trees (_Tilia sp._; 120-140 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, OTF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Othmarsingen is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

en: climate-change long-term meteo meteorology par precipitation relative-humidity swiss-forest-lab temperature wind-speed

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Othmarsingen, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1996 onwards

en: Site aerial photo from both Othmarsingen stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Othmarsingen stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Site aerial photo (Othmarsingen)

format: SERVICE

en: Site photo of the forest station from above (viewing downwards the slope).

en: Site photo of the forest station (OTB)

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

en: Data plot of the forest station (OTB)

en: Data file.

en: Forest station data (OTB)

en: Site photo of the field station from below (viewing upwards the slope).

en: Site photo of the field station (OTF)

en: Data plot of the field station (OTF)

en: Field station data (OTF)

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

long-term

display_name: long-term

meteo

display_name: meteo

meteorology

display_name: meteorology

par

display_name: par

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

relative-humidity

display_name: relative-humidity

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

temperature

display_name: temperature

wind-speed

display_name: wind-speed


en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Novaggio in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural deciduous forest stand (NOB) with Turkey oak (_Quercus cerris_; 70 yrs), sweet chestnut (_Castanea sativa_; 90 yrs) and silver birch (_Betula pendula_; 70 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, NOF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Novaggio is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

en: Novaggio, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1996 onwards

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Site aerial photo from both Novaggio stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Novaggio stations. Retrieved November 15, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Site aerial photo (Novaggio)

en: Site photo of the field station from the side.

en: Site photo of the field station (NOF)

en: Site photo of the forest station from the side.

en: Site photo of the forest station (NOB)

en: Data plot of the field station (NOF)

en: Data plot of the forest station (NOB)

en: Forest station data (NOB)

en: Field station data (NOF)


en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Neunkirch in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural deciduous forest stand (NEB) with European beech (_Fagus sylvatica_; 160 yrs), sycamore maple (_Acer pseudoplatanus_; 160 yrs) and lime trees (_Tilia sp._; 110 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, NEF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Neunkirch is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

en: climate-change long-term meteo meteorology par precipitation relative-humidity swiss-forest-lab temperature wind-speed

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Neunkirch, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards

en: Site aerial photo from both Neunkirch stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Neunkirch stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Site aerial photo (Neunkirch)

en: Site photo of the field station (NEF)

en: Site photo of the forest station from below (viewing upwards the slope).

en: Site photo of the forest station (NEB)

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

en: Data plot of the field station (NEF)

en: Data plot of the forest station (NEB)

en: Data file.

en: Forest station data (NEB)

en: Field station data (NEF)


en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Lausanne in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural mixed forest stand (LAB) with European beech (_Fagus sylvatica_; 160-170 yrs), European silver fir (_Abies alba_; 160-170 yrs) and Norway spruce (_Picea abies_; 160-170 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, LAF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Lausanne is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

en: Lausanne, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1996 onwards

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Site aerial photo from both Lausanne stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Lausanne stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Site aerial photo (Lausanne)

en: Site photo of the fforest station from the side.

en: Site photo of the forest station (LAB)

en: Site photo of the field station from the side.

en: Site photo of the field station (LAF)

en: Data plot of the field station (LAF)

en: Data plot of the forest station (LAB)

en: Forest station data (LAB)

en: Field station data (LAF)


en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Visp in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural mixed forest stand (VSB) with Scots pine (_Pinus sylvestris_; 40-80 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, VSF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Visp is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

en: climate-change long-term meteo meteorology par precipitation relative-humidity swiss-forest-lab temperature wind-speed

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Visp, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards

en: Site aerial photo from both Visp stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Visp stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Site aerial photo (Visp)

en: Site photo of the forest station from below (viewing upwards the slope).

en: Site photo of the forest station (VSB)

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

en: Data plot of the forest station (VSB)

en: Forest station data (VSB)

en: Site photo of the field station (VSF)

en: Data plot of the field station (VSF)

en: Field station data (VSF)


en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Nationalpark in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural coniferous forest stand (NAB) with mountain pine (_Pinus mugo_; 210 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, NAF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Nationalpark is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

en: Nationalpark, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Site aerial photo from both Nationalpark stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Nationalpark stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Site aerial photo (Nationalpark)

en: Site photo of the forest station from the side.

en: Site photo of the forest station (NAB)

en: Data plot of the forest station (NAB)

en: Data file.

en: Forest station data (NAB)

en: Site photo of the field station form the side.

en: Site photo of the field station (NAF)

en: Data plot of the field station (NAF)

en: Field station data (NAF)


en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for one meteorological station in Lens in Switzerland which is located within a natural coniferous forest with Scots pine (_Pinus sylvestris_; 150-170 yrs)) as dominant tree species. The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Lens is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

en: climate-change long-term meteo meteorology par precipitation relative-humidity swiss-forest-lab temperature wind-speed

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Lens, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards

en: Site photo of the forest station from below (viewing upwards the slope)

en: Site photo of the forest station (LEB)

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

en: Data plot of the forest station (LEB)

en: Forest station data (LEB)


en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Chironico in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural coniferous forest stand (CIB) with Norway spruce (_Picea abies_; 160-180 yrs) and European silver fir (_Abies alba_; 140-160 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, CIF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Chironico is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

en: Chironico, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 2000 onwards

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Site aerial photo from both Chironico stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Chironico stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Site aerial photo (Chironico)

en: Site photo of the field station from the side.

en: Site photo of the field station (CIF)

en: Site photo of the forest station from below (viewing upwards the slope).

en: Site photo of the forest station (CIB)

en: Data plot of the field station (CIF)

en: Data plot of the forest station (CIB)

en: Forest station data (CIB)


en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Isone in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural broad-leaved forest stand (ISB) with European beech (_Fagus sylvatica_; 70-100 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, ISF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Isone is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

en: climate-change long-term meteo meteorology par precipitation relative-humidity swiss-forest-lab temperature wind-speed

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Isone, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards

en: Site aerial photo from both Isone stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Isone stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Site aerial photo (Isone)

en: Site photo of the field station (ISF)

en: Site photo of the forest station (ISB)

en: Data plot of the forest station (ISB)

en: Data plot of the field station (ISF)

en: Data file.

en: Forest station data (ISB)

en: Field station data (ISF)


en:
High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Beatenberg in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural coniferous forest (BAB) with Norway spruce (_Picea abies_; 190-210 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, BAF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Beatenberg is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

en: Beatenberg, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Site aerial photo from both Beatenberg stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Beatenberg stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Site aerial photo (Beatenberg)

en: Site photo of the forest station from below (viewing upwards the slope).

en: Site photo of the forest station (BAB)

en: Site photo of the field station from below (viewing upwards the slope).

en: Site photo of the field station (BAF)

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

en: Data plot of the field station (BAF)

en: Data plot of the forest station (BAB)

en: Forest station data (BAB)

en: Field station data (BAF)


en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Jussy in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural broad-leaved forest stand (JUB) with sessile oak (_Quercus petrea_; 90 yrs), aspen (_Populus tremula_; 60 yrs) and European hornbeam (_Carpinus betulus_; 60 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, JUF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Jussy is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

en: climate-change long-term meteo meteorology par precipitation relative-humidity swiss-forest-lab temperature wind-speed

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Jussy, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards

en: Site aerial photo from both Jussy stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Jussy stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Site aerial photo (Jussy)

en: Site photo of the field station from the side.

en: Site photo of the field station (JUF)

en: Site photo of the forest station from the side.

en: Site photo of the forest station (JUB)

en: Data plot of the field station (JUF)

en: Data plot of the forest station (JUB)

en: Data file.

en: Forest station data (JUB)


global-cryosphere-watch-data-survey

en: Two surveys on the topic of data usage where conducted for the Global Cryosphere Watch data portal. The first one focused on the data provider point of view while the second one focused on the data user point of view. 37 data providers (ie institutions) worldwide provided their answers for the first survey (from fall 2017 until summer 2018) while 54 users (contacted through various mailing list such as the Cryolist) answered the questions on their third party data usage (fall 2019 until January 2020).

en: automatic-publication data-exchange data-portal data-usage gcw

en: Global Cryosphere Watch data survey

title_for_slug: global-cryosphere-watch-data-survey

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Third party data usage

en: Data interoperability survey

automatic-publication

display_name: automatic-publication

data-exchange

display_name: data-exchange

data-portal

display_name: data-portal

data-usage

display_name: data-usage

gcw

display_name: gcw


ceilometer-klosters

en: Cloud base height (m) and vertical visibility (m) were measured with the VAISALA Ceilometer CL31 in Klosters (LON: 9.880413, LAT: 46.869019). The CL31 is an instrument with constant reliability for all weather conditions and simultaneous detection of three cloud layers in heights up to 7.6 km.

en: ceilometer cloud-base-height klosters raclets vertical-visibility

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Ceilometer Klosters

title_for_slug: ceilometer-klosters

en: Ceilometer installed at Klosters measuring cloud base height, cloud cover and backscatter profile. The time resolution is 30 seconds, with time given in number of days from January 0, 0000, UTC. More information on the variables in the manufacturer manual.

en: Ceilometer data Klosters

ceilometer

display_name: ceilometer

cloud-base-height

display_name: cloud-base-height

klosters

display_name: klosters

raclets

display_name: raclets

vertical-visibility

display_name: vertical-visibility


wind-lidar-davos-wolfgang

en: Scanning wind Lidar from Meteoswiss was installed at Davos Wolfgang (LON: 9.853594, LAT: 46.835577) and measured from 200 m above ground to 8100 m. The time resolution is up to 5 seconds. The Lidar was measuring wind profiles but also performed plan position indicator (PPI) and range height indicator (RHI) scans.

en: lidar profiles raclets wind wolfgangpass

en: Wind LIDAR Davos Wolfgang

title_for_slug: wind-lidar-davos-wolfgang

en: A Leosphere WidCube 100S was deployed at Davos Wolfang, measuring wind profiles as well as performing PPI and RHI scans. Time format is in UTC with highest time resolution of 5 seconds.

en: Wind LIDAR data Wolfgang

lidar

display_name: lidar

profiles

display_name: profiles

wind

display_name: wind

wolfgangpass

display_name: wolfgangpass


en: Laboratory experiments are presented on the phase change at the surface of sodium chloride – water mixtures at temperatures between 259 K and 240 K. High selectivity to the upper few nanometres of the frozen solution – air interface is achieved by using electron yield near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. We present the NEXAFS spectrum of the hydrohalite.

en: antarctica arctic ice sea-salt-aerosol snow

en: Data set on interfacial supercooling and the precipitation of hydrohalite in frozen NaCl solutions by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

en: Description of the data tables

en: Read Me

en: Matlab code to read and plot the data

en: Code

en: This table lists all data files in chronological order. "SampleTemp" refers to the reading of the PT-1000 at the side of the sample holder. "cellPressure" is the water vapour pressure during the measurements. From this, in presence of ice, the temperature of the ice sample can be calculated which is given in the column "iceTemp". "dT" is the difference, or temperature offset, between sensor's reading and the ice samples temperature. The offset is due to the sensor being mounted away from the cooled spot of the sample were it experiences heating from warmer parts of the sample holder. The off-set is used to calibrate the temperature sensor and the resulting temperature during the experiments is given in the column "temperature". "relHum" is the relative humidity above (supercooled) liquid and "concBrine" is the concentration of a NaCl solution in mol/l in equilibrium with ice at the experimental temperature. "Area" is the integrated PE signal.

en: This table lists all NEXAFS data files in chronological order with PE carbon to oxygen signal intensity ratios -from which the atomic ratio were calculated in the paper - before ("preCtoO") and after ("postCtoO") each NEXAFS measurement. Also listed is the change in Na ("lossSodi"), O ("lossOxy"), Cl ("lossChlor"), and C ("lossCarb") signal intensity after the NEXAFS measurement compared to prior to the NEXAFS measurement.

en: Table 2

en: Data Figure 1A

en: Fig 1A

en: Data in Figure 1B

en: Fig 1B

en: Data to Figure 1C

en: Fig 1C

en: Data to Figure 1D

en: Fig 1D

en: Data to Figure 1E

en: Fig 1E

en: Data to Figure 1F

en: Fig 1F

en: Individual data to mean shown in Figure 1B

en: Fig 1B_1

en: Fig 1B_2

en: Individual data to mean shown in Figure 1F


en:
This dataset contains all data on which the following publication below is based.

Paper Citation:

Risch, A.C., Frossard, A., Schütz, M., Frey, B., Morris, A.W., Bump, J.K. (accepted) Effects of elk and bison carcasses on soil microbial communities and ecosystem functions in Yellowstone, USA. (accepted). Functional Ecology
doi: ...

Methods
Study area and study sites
This study was conducted in YNP’s Northern Range (NR), located in north-western Wyoming and south-western Montana, USA (~44.9163° N, 110.4169° W). The NR expands over ~1000 km2 and features long cold winters and short dry summers. Grasslands and shrublands dominate the NR that is the home of large migratory herds of bison (winter counts 2017: ~3919 individuals; Geremia, Wallen, & White, 2017) and elk (~5349 individuals) as well as their main predators, approximately five packs of wolves with a total of 33 individuals (Smith et al., 2017). As part of a long-term research program within YNP, wolf predation has been studied since their reintroduction in 1995.
For our study, we received ground-truthed coordinates of bison and elk carcasses from winter 2016/17 (November 2016 through April 2017) from the YNP Wolf Project. Between June 20 and July 1, 2017, we visited 24 carcasses in total. At five sites, we could not sample as the carcasses were no longer found. In total we located remains (hairmats, rumen content, bones, teeth) of 19 adult male and female carcasses (7 bison, 12 elk; Supplementary Table 1). Live body weights of adult bison and elk are approximately 730 kg (male bison), 450 kg (female bison), 330 kg (male elk), and 235 kg (female elk, Meagher, 1973; Quimby & Johnson, 1951).
The kills and subsequent consumption happened between 34 and 173 days prior to our sampling (hereafter “days since kill”, DSK), for which we accounted in our statistics. Note that wolves and other scavengers consumed the soft tissue of the carcasses quickly, hence, there is close to no soft tissue left for decomposition as compared to an intact body left on the soil surface. The 19 carcass sites covered the extent of YNP’s NR, with both bison and elk carcasses showing similar distributions; elevation ranged from 1703 to 2884 m a.s.l. (Supplementary Fig 1 & Supplementary Table 1). The carcasses were all located in grassland or sage-brush shrubland, with or without sparsely scattered trees, and both bison and elk carcasses showed the same distribution of DSK. At each study site, we selected a reference plot (hereafter “control”) that was of comparable size, slope aspect and vegetation to the carcass location (hereafter “carcass”). The control was at least 10 m away (Danell, Berteaux, & Brathen, 2002; Melis et al., 2007) from the carcass itself to ensure the absence of potential direct and indirect carcass effects (paired design; (Bump, Webster, et al., 2009; Bump, Peterson, et al., 2009).

Ecosystem functions and soil properties
We randomly collected 50 g of mineral soil from three locations on both control and carcass plots to a depth of 5 cm with sterile techniques and gently mixed the material to obtain a composite sample. Half the soil sample was immediately bagged in plastic bags (whirl packs), stored in a cooler with ice packs (~5 ºC), sieved (2-mm) and frozen within 4-6 hours of collection to assess soil microbial communities. For this purpose, we extracted total genomic DNA from 0.5 g soil using the PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). DNA concentrations were measured using PicoGreen (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA). PCR amplifications of partial bacterial small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes (region V3–V4 of 16S rRNA) and fungal ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (region ITS2) were performed as described previously (Frey et al., 2016). Each sample consisting of 40 ng DNA was amplified in triplicate and pooled before purification with Agencourt AMPure XP beads (Beckman Colter, Berea, CA, USA) and quantified with the Qubit 2.0 fluorometric system (Life Technologies, Paisley, UK). Amplicons were sent to the Genome Quebec Innovation Center (Montreal, Canada) for barcoding using the Fluidigm Access Array technology and paired-end sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq v3 platform (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA).
Quality control of bacterial and fungal reads was performed using a customized pipeline (Supplementary Table 2; Frey et al., 2016). Paired-ends reads were matched with USEARCH (Edgar & Flyvbjerg, 2015), substitution errors were corrected using Bayeshammer (Nikolenko, Korobeynikov, & Alekseyev, 2013) and PCR primers were trimmed (allowing for 1 mismatch, read length >300 bp for 16S and >200 bp for ITS primers) using Cutadapt (M. Martin, 2011). Sequences were dereplicated and singleton reads removed prior to clustering into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 97% identity using USEARCH (Edgar, 2013). The remaining centroid sequences were tested for the presence of ribosomal signatures using Metaxa2 (Bengtsson-Palme et al., 2015) or ITSx (Bengtsson-Palme et al., 2013). Taxonomic assignments of the OTUs were obtained using Bayesian classifier (Wang, Garrity, Tiedje, & Cole, 2007) with a minimum bootstrap support of 60% implemented in mothur (Schloss et al., 2009) by querying the bacterial and fungal reads against the SILVA Release 128 (Quast et al., 2013) and UNITE 8.0 (Abarenkov et al., 2010) reference databases for 16S and ITS OTUs, respectively.
Abundances of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS amplicon were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) on an ABI7500 Fast Real-Time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) as described previously (Frossard et al., 2018). The same primers (without barcodes) and cycling conditions as for the sequencing approach were used for the 16S and ITS qPCR. Three standard curves per target region were obtained using tenfold serial dilutions of plasmids generated from cloned targets (Frey, Niklaus, Kremer, Lüscher, & Zimmermann, 2011). Data were converted to represent mean copy number of targets per gram of soil (dry weight).
The other half of the soil sample was bagged in paper, dried to constant weight at 60°C, passed through a 2 mm sieve and analyzed for total C and N concentration with a CE Instruments NC 2100 soil analyzer (CE Elantech Inc., Lakewood NJ, USA). We also collected 20 mature and undamaged leaves of the dominant grass species growing on control and carcass sites, but taxa were not recorded. The plant material was dried at 60°C, finely ground till homogenized and also analyzed to obtain total C and N concentrations. Soil temperature (10 cm depth) was measured with a waterproof digital thermometer (Barnstead International, Dubuque IA, USA) at three locations each at the control and carcass site. Soil moisture (0 – 10 cm depth) was measured with time domain reflectometry (Field-Scout TDR-100; Spectrum Technologies, Plainfield IL, USA) at five randomly chosen points on control and carcass sites. We measured soil respiration at five randomly chosen points at both control and carcass sites with a PP-Systems SRC-1 soil respiration chamber (closed circuit) attached to a PP-Systems EGM-4 infrared gas analyzer (PP-Systems, Amesbury, MA, USA). For each measurement the soil chamber (15 cm high; 10 cm diameter) was tightly placed on the soil surface, after clipping plants to avoid measuring plant respiration or photosynthesis. Measurements were conducted over 120 s.
In addition, we assessed the decomposition rates of standardized OM using the cotton strip assay (Latter & Howson, 1977; Latter & Walton, 1988). Cotton cloth tensile strength loss (CTSL) is a measure of decomposition, and an index to express the combined effect of soil microclimatic, physical, chemical and biological properties on decomposition while accounting for OM quality (Latter & Walton, 1988; Risch, Jurgensen, & Frank, 2007; Withington & Sanford Jr., 2007). We placed five 20 cm wide x 13 cm long sheets of 100% unbleached cotton cloth (American Type SM 1/18’’, Warp: 34/1, Weft: 20/1, Weave plain, 29.5 picks/cm warp, 22 picks/cm weft, 237 g/m2; Daniel Jenny & Co., Switzerland;) at each carcass and control site vertically into the soil by making slits with a flat spade to a depth of 12 cm. We inserted each cloth with the spade, and then pushed the slit closed to assure tight contact with the soil. The cloths were retrieved after 18 to 27 days. After retrieval, the cloths were air-dried, remaining soil gently removed by hand, and 1.5 cm wide strips were cut at the 3.5-5.0 cm (top) and the 9-10.5 cm (bottom) soil depth. The strips were equilibrated at 50 % relative humidity and 20°C for 48 hours (climate chamber) prior to strength testing (Scanpro Awetron TH-1 tensile strength tester; AB Lorentzen and Wettre, Kista, Sweden). Cotton rotting rate (CRR) = (CTScontrol - CTSfinal/CTSfinal)1/3 * (365/t), where CTScontrol is the cotton tensile strength of a control cloth and CTSfinal the cotton tensile strength of the incubated sample, t is the incubation period in days. Control cloths were inserted into the ground and immediately retrieved to account for tensile strength loss associated with cloth insertion. We averaged the CRR of top and bottom strips for further analyses as no difference was found between the two. All sampling and cloth insertion took place between June 20 and July 1, 2017, cloths were retrieved between July 17 and 20, 2017. Soil respiration, average CRR, vegetation N concentration and vegetation C:N ratio are defined as ecosystem functions, soil C and N concentration, soil temperature and moisture as soil abiotic properties, and bacterial and fungal richness (number of taxa), diversity (Shannon) and abundance as soil biotic properties.

Statistical analyses
Univariate analyses for ecosystem functions, soil biotic and abiotic properties
We tested whether individual ecosystem functions, soil biotic and abiotic properties differed between carcass and control (“Location”), bison and elk (“Species”) and days since kill (“DSK”). For this purpose, we used linear mixed effect models (LMM, “nlme” package v 3.1 – 131.1 in R v 3.4.4; Pinheiro, Bates, DebRoy, & Sarkar, 2018; R Core Team, 2019) with Location, Species, Location x Species and DSK as fixed effects. Site was included as random effect to account for the paired design. We developed a separate model for all dependent variables. All but bacterial richness, fungal richness, fungal diversity and vegetation N concentration were natural-log transformed to meet model assumptions. For each LMM, we calculated contrasts to assess the specific comparisons we were interested in with the “lsmeans” package v 2.27-62 (Lenth & Love, 2018): 1) carcass vs control, 2) carcass bison vs control bison, and 3) carcass elk vs control elk. We also tested whether we had differences between bison and elk carcasses or the sites where bison and elk were killed and included contrasts 4) carcass bison vs carcass elk and 5) control bison vs control elk.
We calculated the log response ratio (LRR = ln[carcass/control]) to obtain carcass effects for all variables for both species separately. LRR < 0 indicates higher value at control compared to carcass, LRR > 0 indicates higher values at carcass compared control. We used LRRs for visualization and to assess spatial patterns in carcass effects across YNP. For this purpose we calculated the Moran’s I statistic for each ecosystem function, soil biotic and abiotic property based on a latitude-longitude matrix with the “moran.test” function in the “spdep” package version 1.1-3 (Bivand et al., 2019).
Multivariate analyses
Rare OTUs, defined as OTUs with a low abundance of reads, were retained in multivariate methods because they only marginally influence these analyses (Gobet, Quince, & Ramette, 2010). Bray–Curtis dissimilarity matrices were generated based on square-root-transformed matrices. We used Principal Coordinate Analyses (PCoA) to assess how soil bacterial and fungal communities differed between control and carcass of bison and elk (“vegan” package v 2.5-4, Oksanen et al., 2019). We then extracted PCoA axes scores 1 and 2 and used LMM (“nlme” package) with Location, Species, Location x Species and DSK as fixed effects. Site was, again, included as random effect. We again calculated the contrasts as described above using the “lsmeans” package. We also assessed how ecosystem functions, and soil abiotic and biotic properties were related to the soil bacteria and fungi community structure associated with bison and elk control and carcasses using the “envfit” function in the “vegan” package (Oksanen et al., 2019).
Indicator species analyses were performed using the multipatt function implemented in the “indicspecies” package version 1.7.6 with 100000 permutations (De Caceres & Jansen, 2016). This step allowed to identify OTUs that led to changes in multivariate patterns between control and carcass of both bison and elk separately (De Cáceres, Legendre, & Moretti, 2010). The multipatt function uses a point biserial correlation coefficient statistical test. Indicator OTUs were defined as bacterial and fungal OTUs with more than 50 sequences, i.e., removing rare taxa and taxa with low abundances containing little indicator information (Rime et al., 2015) and that were significantly correlated with Location (p < 0.05, correlation coefficient > 0.3). A heatmap of these OTUs were generated with the vegan and ggplot2 packages. The indicator analyses were performed in R version 3.3.3 (R Core Team, 2017).

References
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Frey, B., Niklaus, P. A., Kremer, J., Lüscher, P., & Zimmermann, S. (2011). Heavy-machinery traffic impacts methane emissions as well as methanogen abundance and community structure in oxic forest soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(17), 6060–6068. doi:10.1128/AEM.05206-11
Frey, B., Rime, T., Phillips, M., Stierli, B., Hajdas, I., Widmer, F., & Hartmann, M. (2016). Microbial diversity in European alpine permafrost and active layers. FEMS Microbial Ecology, 92(3), fiw018.
Frossard, A., Donhauser, J., Mestrot, A., Gygax, S., Bååth, E., & Frey, B. (2018). Long- and short-term effects of mercury pollution on the soil microbiome. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 120, 191–199. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.01.028
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Please cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile.

en: bacteria biogeochemical-cycling carcass carrion decomposition detritus fungi soil-biodiversity wolf yellowstone

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Elk and bison carcasses in Yellowstone, USA

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en:
Site	ID for different carcasses across the Yellowstone Landscape
Location	Sampling location, either under carcass or control plot
Species	Indicating whether carcass was from bison or elk
Gender	Gener of carcass; F = female, M = male, ? = unknown
Lat	Latitude
Long	Longitude
DSK	Days since kill; in days
Soil.N	Soil N concentration (%)
Soil.C	Soil C concentration (%)
Veg.C	Vegetation C concentration (%); dominant grasses sampled
Veg.N	Vegetation N concentration (%); dominant grasses sampled
Veg.CtoN	Vegetation C to N ratio; dominant grasses sampled
Soil.resp	Soil respiration (g m-2 h-1)
soil.temp	Soil temperature (°C)
Soil.moist	Soil moisture (volumentric; %)
CRR	Cotton rotting rate
bacteria.richness	Bacteria richness
bacteria.diversity	Bacteria diverstiy
fungi.richness	Fungi richness
fungi.diversity	Fungi diversity
bacteria.abundance	Bacteria abundance
fungi.abundance	Fungi abundance

bacteria

display_name: bacteria

biogeochemical-cycling

display_name: biogeochemical-cycling

carcass

display_name: carcass

carrion

display_name: carrion

decomposition

display_name: decomposition

detritus

display_name: detritus

fungi

display_name: fungi

soil-biodiversity

display_name: soil-biodiversity

wolf

display_name: wolf

yellowstone

display_name: yellowstone


en:
Hydrometerological and ecohydrological time series from Sagehen Creek and Independence Creek, Sierra Nevada, USA, illustrating hydrological responses to daily cycles in snowmelt and evapotranspiration forcing.

Data include 30-minute time series of

- weather variables,

- sap flow fluxes,

- groundwater levels (in two riparian transects of shallow groundwater wells),

- and stream stages (at 12 sites spanning a 500-meter elevation gradient),

and daily time series of

- temperature, precipitation, and snow water equivalent at three nearby snow telemetry stations

- diel cycle index values for groundwater levels and stream stages,

- and MODIS normalized difference snow index (NDSI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI2) values averaged over selected subcatchments.

Google Earth Engine scripts for extracting the MODIS data are also provided.

en: diel-cycle diurnal-cycle ecohydrology evapotranspiration groundwater sap-flow snowmelt streamflow

en: Daily cycles in solar flux, snowmelt, transpiration, groundwater, and streamflow at Sagehen and Independence Creeks, Sierra Nevada, USA

en: Column descriptions for both data files, and map coordinates for all measurement locations.

en: Metadata

en: 30-minute hydrometeorological and ecohydrological time series.

en: 30-minute time series

en: Daily hydrometeorological and ecohydrological time series

en: Daily time series

en: Google Earth Engine script for computing MODIS normalized difference snow index (NDSI) values and averaging them over subcatchment areas.

en: MODIS NDSI script

en: Google Earth Engine script for computing MODIS two-band enhanced vegetation index (EVI2) values and averaging them over subcatchments.

en: MODIS EVI2 script

en: Subcatchment polygons for use in the Google Earth Engine scripts.

en: Subcatchment polygons

diel-cycle

display_name: diel-cycle

diurnal-cycle

display_name: diurnal-cycle

ecohydrology

display_name: ecohydrology

evapotranspiration

display_name: evapotranspiration

groundwater

display_name: groundwater

sap-flow

display_name: sap-flow

snowmelt

display_name: snowmelt

streamflow

display_name: streamflow


en: High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Celerina in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural coniferous forest stand (CLB) with Swiss pine (_Pinus cembra_; 210-250 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, CLF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Celerina is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

en: climate-change long-term meteo meteorology par precipitation relative-humidity swiss-forest-lab temperature wind-speed

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Celerina, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Site aerial photo from both Celerina stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Celerina stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

en: Site aerial photo (Celerina)

en: Site phote of the field station from the side.

en: Site photo of the field station (CLF)

en: Site photo of the forest station from below (viewing upwards the slope).

en: Site photo of the forest station (CLB)

en: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

en: Data plot of the field station (CLF)

en: Data plot of the forest station (CLB)

en: Data file.

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

long-term

display_name: long-term

meteo

display_name: meteo

meteorology

display_name: meteorology

par

display_name: par

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

relative-humidity

display_name: relative-humidity

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

temperature

display_name: temperature

wind-speed

display_name: wind-speed


en: The WFJ_ICE_LAYERS dataset contains multi-instrument snowpack measurements at high temporal resolution, which enable to monitor the formation of deep ice layers due to preferential water flow, at the Weissfluhjoch research site, Davos, Switzerland. It covers the winter 2016/2017, with a focus on the early melting season. This dataset includes traditional snowpack profiles (weekly resolution, 15/11/2016-29/05/2017), SnowMicroPen penetration resistance profiles (daily resolution, 01/02/2017-19/04/2017), snow temperatures measured at different heights in the snowpack (half-hourly resolution, 01/03/2017-15/04/2017) and the water front height derived from an upward-looking ground penetrating radar (3-hour resolution, 04/03/2017-08/04/2017). The measurements are complemented by initialization files for SNOWPACK model simulations with the ice reservoir parameterization at Weissfluhjoch for the winter 2016/2017.

en: ice-layers snow-stratigraphy snow-temperature snowmicropen water-front weissfluhjoch

en: WFJ_ICE_LAYERS: Multi-instrument data for monitoring deep ice layer formation in an alpine snowpack

en: README

en: WFJ_ICE_LAYERS dataset

ice-layers

display_name: ice-layers

snow-stratigraphy

display_name: snow-stratigraphy

snow-temperature

display_name: snow-temperature

snowmicropen

display_name: snowmicropen

water-front

display_name: water-front

weissfluhjoch

display_name: weissfluhjoch


en:
To validate the critical crack length as implemented in the snow cover model SNOWPACK, PST experiments were conducted for three winter seasons (2015-2017) at two field site above Davos, Switzerland. This dataset contains manually observed snow profiles and stability tests. Furthermore, corresponding SNOWPACK simulations are included.
These data were analyzed and results were published in Richter et al. (2019).

Please refer to the Readme file for further details on the data.

These data are the basis of the following publication:
Richter, B., Schweizer, J., Rotach, M. W., and van Herwijnen, A.: Validating modeled critical crack length for crack propagation in the snow cover model SNOWPACK, The Cryosphere, 13, 3353–3366, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3353-2019, 2019.

en: avalanche avalanche-forecast snow snow-stability-evaluation snowpack

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Validating and improving the critical crack length in SNOWPACK

en: This dataset contains all SNOWPACK simulations, including input files, setup and output files.

en: SNOWPACK simulations

en: Manually observed snow profiles as csv-files containing depth [cm], thickness [cm], density [kg m-3], hand hardness, first grain type, second grain type, first grain size [mm], and second grain size [mm] of each layer.

en: Manually observed snow profiles

en: Stability tests including csv-files with CT, ECT and PST experiments for each year and each field site.

en: Stability tests

en: Extracted data contain validation and results published in Richter et al. (2019).

en: Extracted data

en: README file explaining data structure and content

avalanche

display_name: avalanche

avalanche-forecast

display_name: avalanche-forecast

snow

display_name: snow

snow-stability-evaluation

display_name: snow-stability-evaluation

snowpack

display_name: snowpack


en:
This poster was originally created for the swissuniversities Open Science Action Plan: Kick-Off Forum, and showed to the audience on 17.10.2019. It illustrates how the environmental data portal EnviDat provides the tools for fostering Open Science and Reproducibility of scientific research at WSL.

Supporting open science is a highly relevant user requirement for EnviDat and for implementing FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability) principles at dataset level.
EnviDat encourages WSL scientists to complement data publication with a complete description of research methods and the inclusion of the open source software, code or scripts used for processing the dataset or for obtaining the published results. By openly publishing open software (e.g. as Jupyter notebooks) alongside research data sets, researchers can contribute to mitigate reproducibility issues.

EnviDat also promotes and supports, where possible and practical, the publication of software as Jupyter notebooks. Jupyter notebooks provide a solution for improved documentation and interactive execution of open code in a wide range of programming languages (Python, R, Octave/Matlab, Java or Scala). These programming languages are widely used in environmental research at WSL and well supported by the Jupyter-compatible kernels. We have sucessfully interfaced EnviDat-hosted notebooks with the WSL High-Performance Computing (HPC) Linux Cluster through a JupyterHub/JuypterLab beta installation on the HPC cluster implemented in close collaboration with the WSL IT-Services.
For existing software that cannot be easily migrated to Jupyter Notebooks, the Open Science and Reproducibility is assisted by containerisation. We have proven that several Singularity containers can successfully run on WSL's HPC cluster.

Finally, the researchers can upload the data/results complemented by code (e.g. as Jupyter Notebooks, or Singularity containers) and any additional documentation in EnviDat. Consequently, they will receive a DOI for the entire dataset, which they can reference in their science paper in order to publish a more reproducible research.

_License_: This poster is released by WSL and the EnviDat team to the public domain under a Creative Commons 4.0 CC0 "No Rights Reserved" international license. You can reuse this poster in any way you want, for any purposes and without restrictions.

en: hpc jupyter-notebooks open-data open-science open-source reproducibility research-data-management

en: Open Science Support at the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL. The EnviDat Concept

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: Open Science Support @ WSL (Poster)

hpc

display_name: hpc

jupyter-notebooks

display_name: jupyter-notebooks

open-data

display_name: open-data

open-science

display_name: open-science

open-source

display_name: open-source

reproducibility

display_name: reproducibility

research-data-management

display_name: research-data-management


en:
Table of Content: 1. General context of the data set "LUSzoning”; 2. Background and aims of the study using the data set LUSzoning; 3. The data set LUSzoning.
1. General context of the data set "LUSzoning".
The data set "LUSzoning" stands for Land-use simulations integrating zoning regulations in Spanish functional urban areas. The data set has been generated as part of the CONCUR research project (https://www.wsl.ch/en/projects/concur.html) led by Dr. Anna M. Hersperger and funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (ERC TBS Consolidator Grant (ID: BSCGIO 157789) for the period 2016-2021. The CONCUR research project is interdisciplinary and aims to develop a scientific basis for adequately integrating spatial policies (in this case, digital zoning plans) into quantitative land-change modelling approaches at the urban regional level.
2.	Background and aims of the study using the data set “LUSzoning”.
As part of the CONCUR project, a specific task was to integrate planning spatial policies in land-change modelling. Planning can be implemented in modelling using either hard or gradual restrictions. Different studies have addressed the inclusion of spatial planning policies in land-use change modelling. However, the integration of zoning constraints is generally established as hard or Boolean-based restrictions (e.g., whether urban development is allowed or not), while not accounting for the spatial heterogeneity or gradual characteristics within planning zones (e.g., whether planning regulations allow low, medium or high urban density), though these could improve real patterns simulations in urban areas. We assume Spanish General Zoning plans were suitable to explore the integration of planning into land-change modelling as soft constrains because they define land-use intensities in the buildable zoning areas. In light of the above considerations, the overall aim of the study was to model urban land-use changes using a multi-scenario approach that integrates digitized zoning plans for the Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) of Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, and Zaragoza. The following specific objectives were addressed: i) to analyse the role of planning by defining three future scenarios that integrate digitized zoning plans and one scenario that assumes almost no planning intervention; ii) to introduce zoning constraints that reflect different degrees of urban densities; iii) to generate a transferable spatially-explicit modelling framework to integrate planning into land-use change simulations.
Four future land-use demands scenarios were defined for the FUAs. Storylines were created considering probable development scenarios related to zoning plans, current Spanish legislation and sustainability goals defined along two axes: a high market-oriented vs. high planning-intervention axis, and an axis of short-term economic growth vs. long-term sustainable growth. The sustainable development scenario (S1) is characterized by low gross floor area (GFA) growth that is limited to areas that are currently under development according to zoning plans. The business-as-usual scenario (S2) is characterized by medium GFA growth in the range of on-going trends. The strong development scenario (S3) is characterized by high GFA growth rates. Growth is restricted to buildable areas without urbanization project designated in zoning plans. The unrestricted development scenario (S4) prioritizes a high degree of market liberalization characterized by high GFA growth that surpasses population demands. S4 follows a rapid economic growth pattern with almost no planning intervention.
3.	 The data set “LUSzoning”.
The dataset includes 16 .asc raster layers providing the simulated land-uses under four defined scenarios for Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia and Zaragoza Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) for 2030. The simulated raster layers were created using CLUMondo simulation framework and have a spatial resolution of 30m. The .asc layers name include the name of the FUA and scenario number. For example, the output from simulating the urban growth for the city of Zaragoza under Scenario 2 is named “Zaragoza_S2.tif”. Furthermore, a .txt file named “Legend.txt” includes the numeric value of the land-use and the category of land-use that represents to interpret the .asc raster layers. The name of the land-use classes is a reclassification of the Urban Atlas 2012 land-use classes within the four Spanish FUAs analyzed.

en: digital-zoning-plans land-use-change land-use-simulations land-use-transformations spatial-planning

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: LUSzoning: Land-use simulations integrating zoning regulations in Spanish functional urban areas

en: Legend simulated maps

digital-zoning-plans

display_name: digital-zoning-plans

land-use-change

display_name: land-use-change

land-use-simulations

display_name: land-use-simulations

land-use-transformations

display_name: land-use-transformations

spatial-planning

display_name: spatial-planning


en:
In 2013, the Institute for Applied Plant Biology (IAP) started a monitoring programme to study the development and the spatial variation of the ash dieback disease with the aim to find some partially resistant European ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior).
We collaborate as co-authors for the publication: Spread and Severity of Ash Dieback in Switzerland - Tree Characteristics and Landscape Features Explain Varying Mortality Probability (Klesse et al. 2021 in frontiers)

en: ash-dieback forest fraxinus iap monitoring

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Monitoring of ash trees as part of the Intercantonal Forest Observation Programme

en: Packgroun information on data for the publication: Spread and Severity of Ash Dieback in Switzerland – Tree Characteristics and Landscape Features Explain Varying Mortality Probability, (Klesse et al. 2021, Front. For. Glob. Change 4:645920., doi: 10.3389/ffgc.2021.645920)

ash-dieback

display_name: ash-dieback

forest

display_name: forest

fraxinus

display_name: fraxinus

iap

display_name: iap

monitoring

display_name: monitoring


en: Static input data (topography, landuse and soiltype) for the WRF preprocessing system WPS is provided for Switzerland and its neighboring countries between 45-49 N and 4-12 E. The data is provided at a resolution of 1 s. Topography is based on the Aster dataset, while landuse is extracted from the Corine landuse dataset. Soil type is set to silty clay loam for the entire domain. This static input data is valid for WRF and CRYOWRF.

en: cosmo-wrf cryowrf landuse static-data topography wrf

en: High resolution static data for WRF over Switzerland

en: Documentation of the dataset

en: Documentation

en: Static data for WRF - Topography

en: Static data for WRF - Landuse

en: Static data for WRF - Soiltype top

en: Static data for WRF - Soiltype bottom

en:
Example GEOGRID.TBL to use with the 1s static data;
Note about naming:
* 121 -> 1-2-1 topography smoothing applied to dataset
* 1 -> one smoothing cycle applied to the data (needs to be changed depending on the chosen resolution to avoid too steep slope angles)

en: Example namelist.wps to use with the 1s static data

cosmo-wrf

display_name: cosmo-wrf

cryowrf

display_name: cryowrf

landuse

display_name: landuse

static-data

display_name: static-data

topography

display_name: topography

wrf

display_name: wrf


en:
This dataset contain measurements of solute and stable water isotopes in stream water and precipitation in the Alp catchment and two of its tributaries (between 2015 -2018) . The river Alp is a snow-dominated catchment situated in Central Switzerland characterized by an elevation range from 840 to 1898 m a.s.l. The dataset provides solutes (major anions and cations, trace metals) and stable water isotopes and water fluxes (precipitation rates, discharge) at daily intervals from several sampling locations.
An updated version of the isotope dataset is available here: https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.242

en: geochemical-solutes precipitation spatially-distributed-sampling stable-water-isotopes stream-water

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Daily data of solute and stable water isotopes in stream water and precipitation in the Alp catchment, Central Switzerland

educ

en: Education, culture and sport

en: The dataset contains daily measurements of volumes, isotopes and solutes of stream water as well as precipitation measured several locations; meteorological variables are added. Date: 18.07.2019

geochemical-solutes

display_name: geochemical-solutes

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

spatially-distributed-sampling

display_name: spatially-distributed-sampling

stable-water-isotopes

display_name: stable-water-isotopes

stream-water

display_name: stream-water