en:
This repository contains anonymised survey data, choice experiment material, and R code from a multilingual online survey of chocolate consumers in Switzerland conducted in June 2024. The survey was fielded in German, French, and Italian through Bilendi Schweiz AG within the [Deliberative Diets](https://www.deliberative-diets.net/) research project at the [Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)](https://www.wsl.ch/en/), funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation.
The survey included questions on chocolate purchasing behavior, attitudes and beliefs regarding ethically produced chocolate, socio-demographic characteristics, and a discrete choice experiment on chocolate tablet attributes. The choice experiment elicited preferences over product profiles varying by label, cocoa distribution channel, environmental impact of cocoa cultivation, place of chocolate production, and price premium.
The repository underlies three related studies based on the same empirical survey. The first is [Towards an ethical chocolate supply chain: Matching Swiss consumer preferences with policy instruments](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2025.100376), which uses the survey’s discrete choice experiment to derive a respondent-level behavioral proxy of ethical chocolate choice. The second study uses this proxy together with survey-based psychological constructs to analyse ethical consumption intentions, behavior, and policy support among Swiss chocolate consumers. The third study examines how Swiss consumers respond to disclosed supply-chain governance cues and how these preferences vary with latent psychological dispositions and feasibility constraints.
The archived materials are intended to support transparency and reproducibility. They include an anonymised master dataset, documentation of the choice experiment design, survey materials, and R scripts for preparing article-specific analytical datasets and reproducing the reported analyses.

en: switzerland supply-chain governance policy-support chocolate-consumers ethical-consumption r-code discrete-choice survey

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Survey data and R code for a choice experiment on ethical chocolate consumption and supply-chain governance in Switzerland

en:
Resource Title: 03_analysis_j.ecolecon_2026.R
    Size: 20275 bytes
    Format: application/octet-stream
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/53407b1f-c042-4eb8-93c1-bb9119a93772/resource/f656f988-4682-4426-94a4-365896afe226/download/03_analysis_j.ecolecon_2026.r
    Description: R script used to estimate the integrated choice and latent variable model and willingness-to-pay analyses for the study on supply-chain governance cues and consumer constraints.

en:
Resource Title: 02_analysis_j.foodqual_2025.R
    Size: 23009 bytes
    Format: application/octet-stream
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/53407b1f-c042-4eb8-93c1-bb9119a93772/resource/ee48ae36-1930-49a3-a110-663aba662705/download/02_analysis_j.foodqual_2025.r
    Description: R script used for descriptive analysis, factor analysis, invariance testing, and structural equation modelling for the study on ethical consumption intentions, behaviour, and policy support.

en:
Resource Title: chocolate_survey_master.csv
    Size: 2537554 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/53407b1f-c042-4eb8-93c1-bb9119a93772/resource/f7608398-ab56-46e8-98c9-c87af8fcc045/download/chocolate_survey_master.csv
    Description: Anonymised master dataset from a multilingual online survey of chocolate consumers in Switzerland conducted in June 2024, including discrete choice experiment responses, questionnaire measures, and derived analysis variables.

en:
Resource Title: survey_questionnaire_documentation.pdf
    Size: 83651 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/53407b1f-c042-4eb8-93c1-bb9119a93772/resource/4ea70b5f-3feb-4d94-8642-18673ea1cfd5/download/survey_questionnaire_documentation.pdf
    Description: Documentation of the archived survey instrument, including questionnaire flow, thematic blocks, response scales, and the structure of the embedded discrete choice experiment.

en:
Resource Title: 01_analysis_j.clrc_2025.R
    Size: 12155 bytes
    Format: application/octet-stream
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/53407b1f-c042-4eb8-93c1-bb9119a93772/resource/fda6ccf3-e242-45ad-95ed-2356cd31b99a/download/01_analysis_j.clrc_2025.r
    Description: R script used to estimate the latent class model for the study on consumer preferences and policy-relevant ethical chocolate supply-chain profiles.

en:
Resource Title: session_info.txt
    Size: 18749 bytes
    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/53407b1f-c042-4eb8-93c1-bb9119a93772/resource/3d450f72-1099-4657-a53d-7c717972dba7/download/session_info.txt
    Description: Output file documenting the R version, platform, locale, attached packages, and installed package versions used for the archived analyses.

en:
Resource Title: choice_experiment_design_documentation.txt
    Size: 2253 bytes
    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/53407b1f-c042-4eb8-93c1-bb9119a93772/resource/5a2b1682-ea30-4711-920b-57caba9dd813/download/choice_experiment_design_documentation.txt
    Description: Documentation of the discrete choice experiment design, including task structure, attribute levels, blocking, and design generation procedure.

en:
Resource Title: chocolate_survey_master_codebook.xlsx
    Size: 24484 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/53407b1f-c042-4eb8-93c1-bb9119a93772/resource/4479b4d0-3223-4ee0-9ee2-618791ecf6c1/download/chocolate_survey_master_codebook.xlsx
    Description: Codebook for the master dataset, including variable names, coding, labels, and mappings needed to interpret the deposited survey and choice experiment data.

en:
Resource Title: README_code.txt
    Size: 2345 bytes
    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/53407b1f-c042-4eb8-93c1-bb9119a93772/resource/2bf8c430-396d-4737-acc6-5973a2b9742c/download/readme_code.txt
    Description: Overview of the archived R code, including script purposes, software requirements, input data, and notes on reproducibility.

en:
Resource Title: README.txt
    Size: 5007 bytes
    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/53407b1f-c042-4eb8-93c1-bb9119a93772/resource/e96b8b22-1e6b-43f4-8440-08fd7900ea0c/download/readme.txt
    Description: Overview of the deposited repository, including study context, data structure, included files, related studies, and guidance for reuse of the anonymised survey data and documentation.

chocolate-consumers

display_name: chocolate-consumers

discrete-choice

display_name: discrete-choice

ethical-consumption

display_name: ethical-consumption

governance

display_name: governance

policy-support

display_name: policy-support

r-code

display_name: r-code

supply-chain

display_name: supply-chain

survey

display_name: survey

switzerland

display_name: switzerland


soil-erosion-mapping-on-steep-slopes

$oid: OBSOLETE

en:
The dataset contains Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and orthophotos obtained from successive surveys used to quantify soil erosion on non-vegetated slopes in a torrent catchment. The research area is steep (mainly 30-60°), has a complex topography and the spatial extent is about 0.6 ha. Furthermore, it is partly forested, and the soils consist mainly of glacial till. Digital terrain models were compiled in spring and autumn of the years 2021 to 2025 using UAV based LiDAR (Riegel miniVUX-3) and Photogrammetry (DJI Phantom 4 RTK).
To derive DTMs from the LiDAR (miniVUX-3) and photogrammetric (Phantom 4RTK) point clouds ground classification was processed with lasground_new (LASTools) and further refined by applying a filtering, based on vegetation index (2*green channel – red channel – blue channel) to remove vegetation points falsely classified as ground. Documented accuracies of the DTMs heights compared to dGNSS measurements were mostly around 2-5 cm. All data is supplied in the reference system LV95 (epsg: 2056) / LN02 (epsg: 5728).
Dates of surveys (miniVUX-3UAV, DJI P4 RTK):
 * 15.06.2021
 * 10.11.2021
 * 20.04.2022
 * 17.11.2023
 * 18.04.2023
 * 24.11.2023
 * 19.03.2024
 * 14.11.2024
 * 25.03.2025
 * 12.11.2025

en: mountain-stream erosion steep-slope gully monitoring erosion-scar

envidat

approval_status: approved

fr: EnviDat est le portail de données du WSL; il offre un accès uniformisé et réglementé aux données de surveillance et de recherche en matière d’environnement. Ce portail est capable d’héberger et de publier des ensembles de données précieuses et uniques, qui sont partagées aux quatre coins de la planète. Ce faisant, EnviDat favorise la recherche et contribue à l’avancement des sciences environnementales.

de: EnviDat ist das Datenportal der WSL für einen einheitlichen und verwalteten Zugang zu Umweltdaten aus Monitoring- und Forschungsprojekten. Auf dem Portal können Datensätze gehostet und veröffentlicht werden. Durch die weltweite Bereitstellung einzigartiger und wertvoller Datensätze leistet EnviDat einen Beitrag zur Forschung im Bereich der Umweltwissenschaften.

it: EnviDat è il portale dati del WSL che fornisce un accesso unificato e gestito ai dati di monitoraggio ambientale e di ricerca. Il portale ha la capacità di ospitare e pubblicare serie di dati preziosi e unici che vengono condivisi in tutto il mondo. Così facendo, EnviDat promuove la ricerca e contribuisce al progresso della scienza ambientale.

de: EnviDat: das Umwelt-Datenportal

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

fr: EnviDat: le portail de données environnementales

it: EnviDat: il portale dei dati ambientali

political_level: other

state: active

type: organization

wsl

capacity: public

de: EnviDat

en: Soil erosion mapping on steep slopes

title_for_slug: soil-erosion-mapping-on-steep-slopes

type: dataset

key: guid

key: uri

value: Envidat Harvester

envi

de: Umwelt

en: Environment

fr: Environnement

it: Ambiente

erosion

display_name: erosion

erosion-scar

display_name: erosion-scar

gully

display_name: gully

monitoring

display_name: monitoring

mountain-stream

display_name: mountain-stream

steep-slope

display_name: steep-slope


en:
Research question / purpose
Timber is widely used for protection measures in torrent control. However, life span of woody constructions such as timber check dams is limited mainly due to fungal decay. In practice a controversial discussion has been going on if either Norway spruce (Picea abies) or silver fir (Abies alba) is more enduring and if bark removal increases resistance against fungal decay.
Description
This dataset contains monitoring information on a series of 15 timber check dams built in 1996 in Hergiswil, Switzerland. The constructions were alternatively realised with Norway spruce and silver fir, half of them each with remaining and removed bark, respectively. The data includes the identification of decayed zones with a simple practical approach (i.e. measurement of the penetration depth of a slotted screwdriver No. 3) from a total of 12 repeated surveys from 2001 to 2025.
The following information is contained (by column and column title):
•	Identification of decayed zone (column title “Decay_Id”)
•	Year of survey (column title “Year”)
•	Identification of check dam (column title “Check dam”)
•	Degree of decay (column title “Degree of decay”): 2 = reduced wood strength (penetration depth 2-10 mm); 3 = low wood strength (penetration depth - 10 mm)
•	Sectors 1 to 7 of check dams (column title “Sector”)
•	Element of check dam (column title “Element”): LH (longitudinal log, German: “Längsholz”), Z (transverse log, German: “Zange”), FH (infill log, German: “Füllholz”)
Plan of check dams and additional information on monitoring surveys: survey information (PDF)

en: check-dam torrent-control fungal-decay long-term-behaviour timber-structure

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Long-term behaviour of timber constructions in torrent control

en:
Resource Title: Survey Information.pdf
    Size: 357932 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/25bbe989-95e3-4705-9807-248a0ab14884/resource/37048955-41d9-4145-96cd-90c3edc4c83b/download/survey-information.pdf
    Description:

format: PDF

media_type: application/pdf

en:
Resource Title: decay_envidat.csv
    Size: 13209 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/25bbe989-95e3-4705-9807-248a0ab14884/resource/7db6f23d-ff20-4991-a626-616e2be7aa65/download/decay_envidat.csv
    Description:

format: XLS

check-dam

display_name: check-dam

fungal-decay

display_name: fungal-decay

long-term-behaviour

display_name: long-term-behaviour

timber-structure

display_name: timber-structure

torrent-control

display_name: torrent-control


en:
Plant ecophysiological and associated environmental data for two tree species (*Fagus sylvatica* and *Quercus pubescens*) grown for five years in a factorial open-top climate chamber experiment (Model Ecosystem Facility, Birmensdorf, Switzerland) to test the long-term effects of heat (+5 °C) and soil drought (irrigation reduced by 50%). n = 4 trees per species and treatment, n = 48 trees total.
 Included data sheets:
- Environmental_Data.csv: Chamber-level environmental recorded every 10 minutes
- Tleaf.csv: Leaf temperatures recorded every 10 minutes
- Gas_exchange.csv: Leaf-level gas exchange data taken diurnally on four days during the growing season
- Leaf_traits.csv: Leaf functional traits
- TSMs_HSMs.csv: Photosynthetic thermal tolerance and leaf water potential data, summarized also in terms of leaf thermal safety margins and hydraulic safety margins, collected 3-4 times during the growing season
- Scorch.csv: Leaf-level leaf scorching data, including leaf thermal safety margins and scorching occurrence and presence, summarized by date

en: fagus-sylvatica thermal-safety-margins thermoregulation hydraulic-safety-margins functional-traits gas-exchange leaf-scorching quercus-pubescens hot-drought

en: Hydraulic stress limits thermal acclimation in trees under chronic drought

en:
Resource Title: README.txt
    Size: 8090 bytes
    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/8780a01e-98aa-46bb-9938-ba8e0568fa20/resource/1f818ee5-bfba-4996-b8fb-e6dc1c96fbb4/download/readme.txt
    Description: README file with more information about the dataset.

format: TXT

media_type: text/plain

en:
Resource Title: TSMs_HSMs.csv
    Size: 15217 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/8780a01e-98aa-46bb-9938-ba8e0568fa20/resource/6c897b79-4cc6-46f5-87f0-83275921ede9/download/tsms_hsms.csv
    Description: Tree-level photosynthetic thermal tolerance, leaf water potentials, thermal safety margins, and hydraulic safety margins measured 3-4 times per tree during the growing season.

Variable List:
	- TreeID: Unique identifier for individual trees
 	- Species: Tree species
	- Campaign: Month of the growing season in which data was collected
	- Heating: Yes or no
	- RM: Reduced soil moisture, yes or no
	- Treatment: chamber abiotic treatment (C = control, H = heated, RM = reduced soil moisture, H_RM = heated and reduced soil moisture)
	- Waterpotential: midday leaf waterpotential (MPa)
	- WPtlp: Waterpotential at leaf turgor-loss-point (MPa) *Measured by Mas, E., Cochard, H., Deluigi, J., Didion-Gency, M., Martin-StPaul, N., Morcillo, L., Valladares, F., Vilagrosa, A., & Grossiord, C. (2024). Interactions between beech and oak seedlings can modify the effects of hotter droughts and the onset of hydraulic failure. New Phytologist, 241(3), 1021-1034. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19358
	- HSM: Hydraulic safety margin (difference between WPtlp and Waterpotential, in MPa)
	- Tcrit: Critical thermal threshold of Photosystem II (degrees C)
	- T50: High leaf temperature at which Photosystem II function declines by 50% (degrees C)
	- Tleaf.max: Maximum leaf temperature during the week preceding thermal tolerance measurement
	- TSM.min: Minimum leaf thermal safety margin during the week preceeding thermal tolerance measurement (difference between Tcrit and Tleaf.max, in degrees C)

format: CSV

media_type: text/csv

en:
Resource Title: Leaf_traits.csv
    Size: 7772 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/8780a01e-98aa-46bb-9938-ba8e0568fa20/resource/eaf9d8ce-80f5-489f-af97-e80760927aee/download/leaf_traits.csv
    Description: Tree-level leaf functional trait data.

Variable List:
	- TreeID: Unique identifier for individual trees
	- Chamber: open-top-chamber ID
	- Treatment: chamber abiotic treatment (C = control, H = heated, RM = reduced soil moisture, H_RM = heated and reduced soil moisture)
	- Heating: Yes or no
	- RM: Reduced soil moisture, yes or no
 	- Species: Tree species
	- Leaf_width (cm)
	- Leaf_area (cm^2)
	- Stomatal_density (count per cm^2)
	- Pore_length: Stomatal pore length (micrometers)
	- Guard_cell_width: Stomatal guard cell width (micrometers)
	- Leaf_thickness (mm)
	- Epidermal_thickness (mm)
	- Parenchyma_thickness (mm)
	- Parenchyma:Epidermis: Ratio between parenchyma and epidermal thickness
	- Reflectance: Reflectance of photosynthetically active radiation (400-700), fraction
	- Transmittance: Transmittance of photosynthetically active radiation (400-700), fraction
	- Absorptance: Absorptance of photosynthetically active radiation (400-700), fraction
	- Absorbance: Optical absorbance of photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm), unitless
	- g1: Medlyn-style stomatal slope calculated with Licor LI6800 data

en:
Resource Title: README.txt
    Size: 8110 bytes
    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/8780a01e-98aa-46bb-9938-ba8e0568fa20/resource/1fe7f58f-356a-4ed4-ae5f-a2b16755e9de/download/readme.txt
    Description: README file with more information about the dataset.

en:
Resource Title: Tleaf.csv
    Size: 28028436 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/8780a01e-98aa-46bb-9938-ba8e0568fa20/resource/1860aa5f-68f2-4889-b0c9-bd907e48111f/download/tleaf.csv
    Description: Tree-level leaf temperature data recorded every 10 minutes.

Variable List:
	- Timestamp (MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM)
	- TreeID: Unique identifier for individual trees
	- Chamber: open-top-chamber ID
	- Treatment: chamber abiotic treatment (C = control, H = heated, RM = reduced soil moisture, H_RM = heated and reduced soil moisture)
	- Heating: Yes or no
	- RM: Reduced soil moisture, yes or no
 	- Species: Tree species
	- Tair: Air temperature (degrees C)
	- Tleaf: Leaf temperature (degrees C)
	- Tdiff: Leaf-to-air temperature differential (degrees C)

en:
Resource Title: Gas_exchange.csv
    Size: 4413 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/8780a01e-98aa-46bb-9938-ba8e0568fa20/resource/cc7e702f-6d53-4192-944c-7671eaecf5bc/download/gas_exchange.csv
    Description: Mean values taken for each tree across the growing season. Measurements were taken diurnally (~1 measurement/hr) with a Licor LI6800 matching ambient chamber conditions on 4 days during the growing season (1 day in June, July, August, September).

- Number of variables: 11
- Number of cases/rows: 48
- Variable List:
	- TreeID: Unique identifier for individual trees
	- Chamber: open-top-chamber ID
	- Species: Tree species
	- Treatment: chamber abiotic treatment (C = control, H = heated, RM = reduced soil moisture, H_RM = heated and reduced soil moisture)
	- Heating: Yes or no
	- RM: Reduced soil moisture, yes or no
	- gsw.mean: Mean stomatal conductance to water vapor (mol m^-2 s^-1)
	- gsw.mean: Mean stomatal conductance rate (mol m^-2 s^-2)
	- Tdiff.mean: Mean difference between leaf and air temperature on the day of Licor measurements
	- lngsw.mean: Mean of the natural log of stomatal conductance
	- lngsw.mean~Tdiff.mean_slope: The slope of the linear least-squares relationship between the natural log of lngsw.mean and Tdiff.mean

en:
Resource Title: Scorch.csv
    Size: 129956 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/8780a01e-98aa-46bb-9938-ba8e0568fa20/resource/e153f13e-330e-4c0a-8cff-59e625dc7e7c/download/scorch.csv
    Description: Tree-level leaf scorching occurrence and severity data summarized by date with daily leaf thermal safety margins.

Variable List:
	- TreeID: Unique identifier for individual trees
	- Date (MM/DD/YYYY)
	- Heating: Yes or no
	- RM: Reduced soil moisture, yes or no
	- Treatment: chamber abiotic treatment (C = control, H = heated, RM = reduced soil moisture, H_RM = heated and reduced soil moisture)
	- Species: Tree species
	- Tleaf: Leaf temperature (degrees C) *measured by an infrared sensor integrated into the Cavicam
	- Tcrit: Critical thermal threshold of Photosystem II (degrees C) *daily entries inherit the Tcrit measured onthe next measurement date and applied to the interval preceding it (or are forward-filled when Tcrit could not be estimated in August or September)
	- TSM: Leaf thermal safety margin (difference between Tcrit and Tleaf, in degrees C)
	- Scorch_binary: Binary indicating whether scorching occurred on that date (0 = no, 1 = yes)
	- Percent_affected: Percent of the camera window affected by scorching during a scorching event

en:
Resource Title: Gas_exchange.csv
    Size: 4424 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/8780a01e-98aa-46bb-9938-ba8e0568fa20/resource/df082744-69a0-49b6-81b7-c3f02d24c9f0/download/gas_exchange.csv
    Description: Leaf-level gas exchange collected diurnally for each tree on 4 days of the growing season and summarized to growing-season mean.

Variable List:
	- TreeID: Unique identifier for individual trees
	- Chamber: open-top-chamber ID
	- Species: Tree species
	- Treatment: chamber abiotic treatment (C = control, H = heated, RM = reduced soil moisture, H_RM = heated and reduced soil moisture)
	- Heating: Yes or no
	- RM: Reduced soil moisture, yes or no
	- gsw.mean: Mean stomatal conductance to water vapor (mol m^-2 s^-1)
	- E.mean: Mean transpiration rate (mol m^-2 s^-2)
	- Tdiff.mean: Mean difference between leaf and air temperature on the day of Licor measurements
	- lnE.mean: Mean of the natural log of the transpiration rate
	- lnE.mean~Tdiff.mean_slope: The slope of the linear least-squares relationship between the natural log of lnE.mean and Tdiff.mean

en:
Resource Title: Environmental_Data.csv
    Size: 19996344 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/8780a01e-98aa-46bb-9938-ba8e0568fa20/resource/8113d780-83c8-43bd-a823-f726ad3f21ab/download/environmental_data.csv
    Description: Chamber-level abiotic data recorded every 10 minutes.

Variable List:
	- Time (MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM)
	- Chamber: open-top-chamber ID
	- Treatment: chamber abiotic treatment (C = control, H = heated, RM = reduced soil moisture, H_RM = heated and reduced soil moisture)
	- Heating: Yes or no
	- RM: Reduced soil moisture, yes or no
	- Tair: Air temperature (degrees C)
	- Tair_sd: Standard deviation of air temperature
	- RH: Relative humidity
	- RH_sd: Standard deviation of relative humidity
	- VPD: Vapor pressure deficit (kPa)
	- Tsoil: Soil temperature (degrees C)
	- Soil_m: Volumetric soil water content (m^3/m^3)
	- PPFD: Photosynthetic photon flux density (micromoles m^-2 s^-1) *collected from a weather station next to the open-top-chambers (50% intensity inside chambers)
	- windspeed: (m/s) *collected from a weather station next to the open-top-chambers

fagus-sylvatica

display_name: fagus-sylvatica

functional-traits

display_name: functional-traits

gas-exchange

display_name: gas-exchange

hot-drought

display_name: hot-drought

hydraulic-safety-margins

display_name: hydraulic-safety-margins

leaf-scorching

display_name: leaf-scorching

quercus-pubescens

display_name: quercus-pubescens

thermal-safety-margins

display_name: thermal-safety-margins

thermoregulation

display_name: thermoregulation


en:
CHELSAcruts is a delta change monthly climate dataset for the years 1901-2016 for mean monthly maximum temperatures, mean monthly minimum temperatures, and monthly precipitation sum.  Here we use the delta change method by B-spline interpolation of anomalies (deltas) of the CRU TS 4.01 dataset. Anomalies were interpolated between all CRU TS grid cells and are then added (for temperature variables) or multiplied (in case of precipitation) to high resolution climate data from CHELSA V1.2 (Karger et al. 2017, Scientific Data). This method has the assumption that climate only varies on the scale of the coarser (CRU TS) dataset, and the spatial pattern (from CHELSA) is consistent over time. This is certainly a rather crude assumption, and for time periods for which more accurate data is available CHELSAcruts should be avoided if possible (e.g. use CHELSA V1.2 for 1979-2015). Different to CHELSA V1.2, CHELSAcruts does not take changing wind patterns, or temperature lapse rates into account, but rather expects them to be constant over time, and similar to the long term averages.
CHELSAcruts is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) license.

en: timeseries free-climate-data maximum-temperature century precipitation climate-layers climate air-temperature minimum-temperature

envidat

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: CHELSAcruts -  High resolution temperature and precipitation timeseries for the 20th century and beyond

envi

en: Environment

en:
Resource Title: CHELSA_tech_specification_V1.2.pdf
    Size: 1146678 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/9c9c699a-e57f-49e9-b489-c6abdfa9b53b/resource/1d294699-c738-4a00-8500-2d64d3226819/download/chelsa_tech_specification_v1.2.pdf
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: Data Access
    Size: 3298534883328 bytes
    Format: No Info
    URL: https://envicloud.wsl.ch/#/?bucket=https%3A%2F%2Fos.zhdk.cloud.switch.ch%2Fchelsav1%2F&prefix=chelsa_cruts%2F
    Description: CHELSAcruts is a delta change monthly climate dataset for the years 1901-2016 for mean monthly maximum temperatures, mean monthly minimum temperatures, and monthly precipitation sum.

en:
Resource Title: CHELSA Technical Documentation
    Size: 0
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: http://chelsa-climate.org/wp-admin/download-page/CHELSA_tech_specification.pdf
    Description: As the CHELSA project is continuously expanded, certain new parameters, time scales etc. are not included anymore in the original publication (Karger et al. 2017). We are therefore provide this document as a guideline of the current climatic parameters available and will expand it as new parameters or time periods will become available. Please refer to the version history for changes made in the document.

air-temperature

display_name: air-temperature

century

display_name: century

climate

display_name: climate

climate-layers

display_name: climate-layers

free-climate-data

display_name: free-climate-data

maximum-temperature

display_name: maximum-temperature

minimum-temperature

display_name: minimum-temperature

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

timeseries

display_name: timeseries


en:
Spatio-temporal vegetation models are essential for simulating dynamics and shifts
in species distributions over large areas, particularly under global change. One such
model is the dynamic forest landscape model TreeMig. We have developed a frame-
work that makes the model more user-friendly, improves its functionality, and expands
its possibilities. The framework consists of the improved TreeMig model, the R pack-
age ‘TreeMig-R’ for pre-processing input data, model execution and visualization and a
graphical user interface (GUI) for ease of use. The code of the TreeMig Package and the GUI is stored here.

en: r-package dynamic-modelling gui forest-model landscape

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: Code of TreeMig Package version 1

format: ZIP

dynamic-modelling

display_name: dynamic-modelling

forest-model

display_name: forest-model

gui

display_name: gui

landscape

display_name: landscape

r-package

display_name: r-package


en:
Dataset supporting the paper "Herbivory mediates the response of below-ground food-webs to invasive grasses", published in the Journal of Animal Ecology.
The dataset refers to samples collected across 6 farms in the Bega Valley region of Australia. The farms are located in the grassy woodland ecoregion and are extensively managed with sheep and cattle grazing. Livestock shares the landscape with native mammalian and invertebrate herbivores. On each farm, two nested fenced exclosure systems were established. These included an open area, a fence excluding livestock but allowing access to native mammals and invertebrates, a fence excluding all mammals but allowing access to invertebrates and a shielded cage excluding all invertebrate herbivores as well. In each farm, one of these systems was located in a zone  dominated by the native Kangaroo grass, and another in a zone co-dominated by the Invasive African lovegrass. The sample and treatment numbering is provided in the file Sample_metadata.
Soil samples were taken and DNA was extracted and amplified for 16s and ITS markers. The resulting metabarcoding derived ASV tables are presented (16s_ASV_table and ITS_ASV_table), as are the inferred functional profiles for bacteria at the enzyme and pathway level (16s_picrust_enzymes and 16s_picrust_pathways), as derived by the PICRUSt2 pipeline, and the fungal guilds reconstructed with FunGuildR (FunguildR_output).
Chemical, physical and enzymatic assays were also performed on the soil samples (Chemical_data).
Nematodes were extracted from soil cores with a Baermann funnel, counted (Nematodes_counts) and had their DNA extracted and amplified (Nematodes_asv_table). Soil invertebrates were sampled with below-ground pitfall traps and identified to family level (Invertebrates) and earthworms were manually extracted from 20*20*20 cm monoliths ((Earthworm_counts).
Two 20 by 100 cm strips had their vegetation removed and their living and litter biomass quantified by dry weight (Biomass_summary). Sensors measuring moisture and temperature 10 cm beneath the soil surface were installed in each plot and their output is presented in Microclimate_summary.

en: grassland herbivory soil-biodiversity ecosystem-functioning invasive-species

en:
Resource Title: FunGuildR_output.csv
    Size: 3471 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4bda5372-4c89-4db2-91c2-da8b2f55aacc/resource/d54a6c74-d9a7-4c1d-bff2-fe2aa355cfdc/download/funguildr_output.csv
    Description: FunGuildR derived ecological profiles of fungal communities

en:
Resource Title: Nematodes_counts.csv
    Size: 2438 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4bda5372-4c89-4db2-91c2-da8b2f55aacc/resource/3b85e403-72c0-4f1c-bde3-c0464a59b660/download/nematodes_counts.csv
    Description: Summary counts and moisture adjustments for Baermann extracted nematode samples

en:
Resource Title: Invertebrates.csv
    Size: 6266 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4bda5372-4c89-4db2-91c2-da8b2f55aacc/resource/46a505cc-ced8-41da-92f6-c2db25b46550/download/invertebrates.csv
    Description: Summary table of pitfall-trap collected invertebrates.

en:
Resource Title: Easrthworm_counts.csv
    Size: 1165 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4bda5372-4c89-4db2-91c2-da8b2f55aacc/resource/695104b9-95dd-4ee3-bd87-b99f62c82816/download/easrthworm_counts.csv
    Description: Earthworms counts and biomass for each sampling site

en:
Resource Title: Sample_metadata.csv
    Size: 1295 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4bda5372-4c89-4db2-91c2-da8b2f55aacc/resource/ef16a55a-9e7e-447e-9fb8-c07818c42b82/download/sample_metadata.csv
    Description: Metadata and treatment information for each of the sampling sites

en:
Resource Title: Chemical_data.csv
    Size: 8011 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4bda5372-4c89-4db2-91c2-da8b2f55aacc/resource/9303e1cc-6bd5-4274-8e3c-64857ee50dff/download/chemical_data.csv
    Description: Summary of chemical and physical parameters. Each row is a sampling site

en:
Resource Title: Nematodes_asv_table.csv
    Size: 1319550 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4bda5372-4c89-4db2-91c2-da8b2f55aacc/resource/5cd79f48-2967-4687-8a34-cf18c3e3f9b4/download/nematodes_asv_table.csv
    Description: ASV table of nematode communities

en:
Resource Title: ITS_ASV_table.tsv.txt
    Size: 4203574 bytes
    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4bda5372-4c89-4db2-91c2-da8b2f55aacc/resource/2569787f-d2d4-427e-a024-3a45d6bc9856/download/its_asv_table.tsv.txt
    Description: ASV table of fungal communities. Each column is a sampling site

en:
Resource Title: 16s_picrust_pathways.tsv.gz
    Size: 175067 bytes
    Format: application/gzip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4bda5372-4c89-4db2-91c2-da8b2f55aacc/resource/a724bdd1-1af4-4719-a29d-00908d1ec218/download/16s_picrust_pathways.tsv.gz
    Description: PICRUSt2 derived inferred pathways for bacterial communities

format: gzip

en:
Resource Title: 16s_picrust_enzymes.tsv.gz
    Size: 416613 bytes
    Format: application/gzip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4bda5372-4c89-4db2-91c2-da8b2f55aacc/resource/b3783c93-6e3d-4e1b-a417-cbb1a489699c/download/16s_picrust_enzymes.tsv.gz
    Description: PICRUSt2 derived functional profiles of bacterial communities

en:
Resource Title: Biomass_summary.csv
    Size: 4005 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4bda5372-4c89-4db2-91c2-da8b2f55aacc/resource/a2d0a31a-cfb3-421c-9970-36f0f2ba9b5e/download/biomass_summary.csv
    Description: Summary of collected biomass data. Each row is the average of 2 20 by 100 cm strips.

en:
Resource Title: 16s_ASV_table.txt
    Size: 10331118 bytes
    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4bda5372-4c89-4db2-91c2-da8b2f55aacc/resource/200c7de4-d400-47f6-9b28-a4710766338e/download/16s_asv_table.txt
    Description: ASV table of 16s (bacteria) communities. Columns are sampling sites, rows ASVs

en:
Resource Title: Microclimate_summary.csv.xlsx
    Size: 3575094 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4bda5372-4c89-4db2-91c2-da8b2f55aacc/resource/54ae1e37-c905-4e7a-84ef-bdd19489fedf/download/microclimate_summary.csv.xlsx
    Description: Summary of sensor-collected soil moisture and temperature data

ecosystem-functioning

display_name: ecosystem-functioning

grassland

display_name: grassland

herbivory

display_name: herbivory

invasive-species

display_name: invasive-species

soil-biodiversity

display_name: soil-biodiversity


en: This repository hosts the experimental data accompanying our publication "Testing the strength of buried surface hoar weak layers under combined compression and shear loading" submitted to Geophysical Research Letters.

en: weak-layer strength snow-mechanics experiment slab-avalanche

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

envi

en: Environment

en:
Resource Title: CT_dataset_v1.csv
    Size: 9605 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/cfac66e0-5864-4ee4-a2fc-470b1168927c/resource/66fe8b1c-f13d-473a-8e9e-731ddb6ae09b/download/ct_dataset_v1.csv
    Description: Dataset containing the microstructural parameters obtained from the CT data.

en:
Resource Title: Example_Video.mp4
    Size: 7402947 bytes
    Format: video/mp4
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/cfac66e0-5864-4ee4-a2fc-470b1168927c/resource/e0ec0699-86b1-462c-ae52-aab3ab644f26/download/20250601_sh25-1_ps2s4_30deg2.mp4
    Description: Example video of an biaxial experiment performed at a reaction-force angle of approximately 30 degree (sample SH25-1_PS2S4).

en:
Resource Title: experiments_dataset_v1.csv
    Size: 9277 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/cfac66e0-5864-4ee4-a2fc-470b1168927c/resource/d5fff209-9307-44cf-aa73-c43bdcb873d5/download/experiments_dataset_v1.csv
    Description: Dataset containing the experimental results. The column "CT ID" allows to link this data to the CT parameter dataset.

experiment

display_name: experiment

slab-avalanche

display_name: slab-avalanche

snow-mechanics

display_name: snow-mechanics

strength

display_name: strength

weak-layer

display_name: weak-layer


en:
Monitoring fish diversity through eDNA metabarcoding along the Kinabatangan river
In 2019, water samples were collected in 25 locations along the Kinabatangan in Malaysia. Samples were taken either from a boat or by filtering from the side of the river. At each station, two filtration replicates were performed using a peristaltic pump to conduct environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling. Each filtration targeted a maximum duration of 30 min, during which approximately 30 liters of water were filtered through each filtration capsule. After filtration, the water inside the capsules was removed, and the capsules were filled with 50 ml of conservation buffer for preservation at room temperature. We followed strict contamination control protocols throughout both the fieldwork and laboratory processes, adhering to the guidelines of Valentini et al. (2016). To prevent contamination, each sample was processed using disposable gloves and single-use filtration equipment. We use primers for eukaryote and fish. The MiSeq Reagent Kit v3 (2x75 bp) (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) was used for paired-end sequencing at a theoretical sequencing depth of 200,000 reads per sample.
Data content:
	* rawdata/: contains the raw reads for each individual sample. One archive contains the paired-end reads specified by the _R1 or _R2 suffix as well as individually tagged PCR replicates (if available) together with an archive containing all extraction and PCR blank samples of the library. Reads have been demultiplexed using cutadapt but not trimmed, individual demultiplexing tags and primers remain present in the sequences.
	* taxadata/: contains the table with all detected taxonomy for each sample after bioinformatic processing (see Polanco et al. 2020 for details; https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.140) and associated field metadata.
	* metadata/: contains two metadata files, one related to the data collected in the field for each filter, and the second related to the sequencing process in the lab (including the tag sequence, library name, and marker information for each sample)

en: metabarcoding teleo fish edna malaysia

en: Environmental DNA Freshwater Malaysia Kinabatangan 2019

edna

display_name: edna

fish

display_name: fish

malaysia

display_name: malaysia

metabarcoding

display_name: metabarcoding

teleo

display_name: teleo


en:
Landolt et al. (2010) indicator values are widely used in plant related ecological assessments. However, since the publication of the dataset, the national checklist of Switzerland (see Juillerat et al. 2017) has further evolved and the taxon names of the two are not congruent. Here, we present a translation between the two datasets. Translations were made by expert knowledge.
Juillerat, P., et al. 2017. _Flora Helvetica Checklist 2017: der Gefässpflanzen der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera._ Info Flora, Genève.
Landolt, E., et al. 2010. _Flora indicativa: Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen._ Haupt,

en: translation indicator-values switzerland vascular-plants taxonomy

en: Translation between Checklist 2017 and Flora Indicativa

indicator-values

display_name: indicator-values

switzerland

display_name: switzerland

taxonomy

display_name: taxonomy

translation

display_name: translation

vascular-plants

display_name: vascular-plants


vegetation-height-model-sentinel-nfi

en: Countrywide vegetation height models (VHM) were generated for Switzerland based on Copernicus Sentinel-2 imagery and the digital terrain model (DTM) swissALTI3D from the Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was trained to estimate the maximum vegetation height at the spatial resolution of the Sentinel-2 pixel of 10 m. Vegetation heights from the spatially higher-resolved VHM Lidar NFI were used as reference data for the CNN training. Within the framework of the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI), the VHMs were modelled annually based on available Sentinel-2 imagery from May – September of the respective year. Further details on the creation of the VHM Sentinel NFI can be found in the paper Jiang et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srs.2023.100099). Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data.

en: cnn remote-sensing switzerland vegetation-height forest nfi sentinel-2

en: Vegetation Height Model Sentinel NFI

title_for_slug: vegetation-height-model-sentinel-nfi

en:
Resource Title: VHM_Sentinel_NFI_2019
    Size: 796005325 bytes
    Format: image/tiff
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/3b1cae17-fc7a-4722-95da-92d3be869273/resource/1320cdac-5544-47d8-acaf-983fd88744a4/download/landesforstinventar-vegetationshoehenmodell_sentinel_2019_2056.tif
    Description:

format: TIFF

media_type: image/tiff

en:
Resource Title: VHM_Sentinel_NFI_2021
    Size: 793778198 bytes
    Format: image/tiff
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/3b1cae17-fc7a-4722-95da-92d3be869273/resource/8fc7f306-c788-4b1c-9a17-8dfe946c9681/download/landesforstinventar-vegetationshoehenmodell_sentinel_2021_2056.tif
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: VHM_Sentinel_NFI_2022
    Size: 794990349 bytes
    Format: image/tiff
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/3b1cae17-fc7a-4722-95da-92d3be869273/resource/12ed6aff-aeed-45f4-aed3-81e17797a8da/download/landesforstinventar-vegetationshoehenmodell_sentinel_2022_2056.tif
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: VHM_Sentinel_NFI_2018
    Size: 791849627 bytes
    Format: image/tiff
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/3b1cae17-fc7a-4722-95da-92d3be869273/resource/6f9a20f7-78bf-4cc5-b734-c52d63bbfd0a/download/landesforstinventar-vegetationshoehenmodell_sentinel_2018_2056.tif
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: VHM_Sentinel_NFI_2025
    Size: 789365244 bytes
    Format: image/tiff
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/3b1cae17-fc7a-4722-95da-92d3be869273/resource/cd9f3543-87a3-4eb5-ab05-a4388a7967c4/download/landesforstinventar-vegetationshoehenmodell_sentinel_2025_2056.tif
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: VHM_Sentinel_NFI_2024
    Size: 799033995 bytes
    Format: image/tiff
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/3b1cae17-fc7a-4722-95da-92d3be869273/resource/284e4292-df10-4227-85b5-1fc7024def5b/download/landesforstinventar-vegetationshoehenmodell_sentinel_2024_2056.tif
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: VHM_Sentinel_NFI_2023
    Size: 794605160 bytes
    Format: image/tiff
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/3b1cae17-fc7a-4722-95da-92d3be869273/resource/c57585ec-51da-4aeb-bf90-c5598e14d3c6/download/landesforstinventar-vegetationshoehenmodell_sentinel_2023_2056.tif
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: VHM_Sentinel_NFI_2017
    Size: 791212333 bytes
    Format: image/tiff
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/3b1cae17-fc7a-4722-95da-92d3be869273/resource/771519e8-6435-463c-a2cb-57031ee25861/download/landesforstinventar-vegetationshoehenmodell_sentinel_2017_2056.tif
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: VHM_Sentinel_NFI_2020
    Size: 793832708 bytes
    Format: image/tiff
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/3b1cae17-fc7a-4722-95da-92d3be869273/resource/f0496550-ac9a-4dfd-bfea-68e601e9f3f7/download/landesforstinventar-vegetationshoehenmodell_sentinel_2020_2056.tif
    Description:

cnn

display_name: cnn

forest

display_name: forest

nfi

display_name: nfi

remote-sensing

display_name: remote-sensing

vegetation-height

display_name: vegetation-height


vegetation-height-model-lidar-nfi

en:
Countrywide **vegetation height models (VHM)** were generated for Switzerland based on
LiDAR data acquired in the framework of the **swissSURFACE3D** campaign (swisstopo).
To derive vegetation height, the classified point cloud got normalized by calculating height above ground for all points not belonging to the class ground (2). Vegetation point (class 3,4,5) got then rasterized to a grid size of 0.5 m using an interpolation distance of one grid cell. Raster cells not belonging to a vegetation class got set to 0 m above ground.
These VHM's are produced in the framework of the Swiss National forest Inventory (NFI).
Each year about 1/6 of switzerland surface is updated using swissSURFACE3D data in leaf-off state.

en: nfi three-dimensional vegetation-height forest vegetation vegetation-classification point-cloud

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Vegetation Height Model LiDAR NFI

title_for_slug: vegetation-height-model-lidar-nfi

envi

en: Environment

en:
Resource Title: 2024 Vegetation Height Model LiDAR NFI
    Size: 149786984448 bytes
    Format: No Info
    URL: https://envicloud.wsl.ch/#/?bucket=https%3A%2F%2Fos.zhdk.cloud.switch.ch%2Fenvicloud%2F&prefix=doi%2Fenvidat.664%2F2024%2F
    Description: Vegetation Height Model of Switzerland for the year 2024 (cloud optimized geotiff)
and Metadata file with information about acquisition date and point densities of used LiDAR data for tiles of 1 x 1 km (geopackage).

en:
Resource Title: 2025 Vegetation Height Model LiDAR NFI (current)
    Size: 160202280141 bytes
    Format: No Info
    URL: https://envicloud.wsl.ch/#/?bucket=https%3A%2F%2Fos.zhdk.cloud.switch.ch%2Fenvicloud%2F&prefix=doi%2Fenvidat.664%2F2025%2F
    Description: Vegetation Height Model of Switzerland for the year 2025 (cloud optimized geotiff)
and Metadata file with information about acquisition date and point densities of used LiDAR data for tiles of 1 x 1 km (geopackage).

point-cloud

display_name: point-cloud

three-dimensional

display_name: three-dimensional

vegetation

display_name: vegetation

vegetation-classification

display_name: vegetation-classification


en:
**Schweizweite Karte des sky view factors (Kronenöffnungsgrad im Wald) in 5 m Auflösung (Stand LFI VHM 2024)**
This is a dataset for Swiss forestry, for a description in English please see below.
Il s'agit d'un ensemble de données relatives à la sylviculture suisse. Pour une description en français, voir ci-dessous.
Si tratta di una serie di dati relativi alla silvicoltura svizzera. Per una descrizione in francese, vedere sotto.
Dieser Datensatz enthält eine schweizweite Karte mit einer Auflösung von 5 m, die den sky view factor darstellt. In Wäldern gibt sie den Kronenöffnungsgrad während der Vegetationsperiode wieder, ausserhalb von Wäldern zeigt die Karte lediglich den Terrain-Effekt. Wichtig: Der Kronenöffnungsgrad wurde anhand einer 180° Perspektive ermittelt, was dazu führt, dass die Werte nicht direkt vergleichbar sind mit Schätzungen im Feld, welche meistens auf einem kleineren Sichtradius basieren. Der Datensatz wurde mit dem auf synthetischen hemisphärischen Bildern basierendem Raytracing-Canopy-Radiation-Modell (CanRad) berechnet, unter Verwendung des LiDAR-basierten Vegetationshöhenmodells gemäss LFI (Stand 2024). Die Karte stellt die Bedingungen zum Zeitpunkt der LiDAR Datenerfassung dar. Informationen zu den Jahren der LiDAR-Erfassung finden Sie im Abschnitt „Data and ressources“. Der Datensatz wird jährlich aktualisiert, sobald ein neues LFI-LiDAR-Vegetationshöhenmodell verfügbar ist
**Carte nationale du facteur de vue du ciel (degré d'ouverture de la canopée dans la forêt) avec une résolution de 5 m (état IFN VHM 2024)**
Cet ensemble de données contient une carte couvrant l'ensemble du territoire suisse, avec une résolution de 5 m, qui représente le « sky view factor ». Dans les forêts, elle reflète le degré d'ouverture de la canopée pendant la période de végétation ; en dehors des forêts, la carte indique uniquement l'effet du relief. Important : le degré d'ouverture de la canopée a été déterminé à partir d'une perspective à 180°, ce qui signifie que les valeurs ne sont pas directement comparables aux estimations effectuées sur le terrain, qui se basent généralement sur un rayon de vision plus petit. L'ensemble de données a été calculé à l'aide du modèle CanRad (Raytracing-Canopy-Radiation), basé sur des images hémisphériques synthétiques, en utilisant le modèle altimétrique de végétation basé sur le LiDAR selon l'IFN (état en 2024). La carte représente les conditions au moment de la collecte des données LiDAR. Vous trouverez des informations sur les années de collecte LiDAR dans la section « Données et ressources ». L'ensemble de données est mis à jour chaque année dès qu'un nouveau modèle d'altitude de la végétation LFI-LiDAR est disponible.
**Mappa svizzera dello sky view factor (grado di apertura della chioma nella foresta) con risoluzione di 5 m (stato LFI VHM 2024)**
Questo set di dati contiene una mappa a copertura nazionale con una risoluzione di 5 m che rappresenta lo sky view factor. Nelle aree boschive essa riflette il grado di apertura della chioma durante il periodo vegetativo, mentre al di fuori delle aree boschive la mappa mostra semplicemente l'effetto del terreno. Importante: il grado di apertura della chioma è stato determinato sulla base di una prospettiva a 180°, il che comporta che i valori non siano direttamente comparabili con le stime sul campo, che si basano per lo più su un raggio visivo più ridotto. Il set di dati è stato calcolato con il modello Raytracing-Canopy-Radiation (CanRad), basato su immagini emisferiche sintetiche, utilizzando il modello altimetrico della vegetazione basato su LiDAR secondo l'IFN (aggiornato al 2024). La mappa rappresenta le condizioni al momento dell'acquisizione dei dati LiDAR. Le informazioni relative agli anni di acquisizione LiDAR sono disponibili nella sezione «Data and resources». Il set di dati viene aggiornato annualmente non appena è disponibile un nuovo modello di altezza della vegetazione LFI-LiDAR.
**Switzerland-wide map of the sky view factor (canopy openness in forests) with 5 m resolution (as of NFI VHM 2024)**
This dataset contains a map covering the whole of Switzerland with a resolution of 5 m, showing the sky view factor. In forests, it reflects the degree of canopy openness during the growing season; outside forests, the map simply shows the terrain effect. Important: The degree of canopy openness was determined using a 180° perspective, which means that the values are not directly comparable with field estimates, which are usually based on a smaller field of view. The dataset was calculated using the Raytracing Canopy Radiation model (CanRad), which is based on synthetic hemispheric images, utilising the LiDAR-based vegetation height model in accordance with the LFI (as of 2024). The map depicts conditions at the time of LiDAR data acquisition. Information on the years of LiDAR acquisition can be found in the ‘Data and resources’ section. The dataset is updated annually as soon as a new LFI LiDAR vegetation height model becomes available.

en: canrad canopy-openness forestry lidar light-availability

en: Switzerland-wide maps of sky view factor (canopy openness in forests) at 5 m resolution (as of NFI VHM 2024)

en:
Resource Title: Sky_view_factor_CH_LI_2024.tif
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    Format: image/tiff
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/fa3b2b7f-c0f0-4fd0-b04e-78b0b60ebb4b/resource/ca5d0cc0-1838-4e3d-90da-4c5e0b1992ff/download/map_chli.tif
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: Lidar_Befliegungsjahr_VHM_2024.png
    Size: 536750 bytes
    Format: image/png
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/fa3b2b7f-c0f0-4fd0-b04e-78b0b60ebb4b/resource/d55237b2-558a-49c5-a26d-7c558f5a54c8/download/lidar_befliegungsjahr_vhm2024.png
    Description:

format: PNG

media_type: image/png

canopy-openness

display_name: canopy-openness

canrad

display_name: canrad

forestry

display_name: forestry

lidar

display_name: lidar

light-availability

display_name: light-availability


en:
The dataset contains a time series of countrywide Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) composites for Switzerland and Liechtenstein starting in 2015. The temporal sampling step of the time series is 6 days and the compositing period 12 days resulting in 60 generated composites per year. Each composite contains the amplitude information of C-band backscatter and features a grid spacing of 10 m. The composites were generated according to the local resolution weighting (LRW) methodology described in Small et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3055562). For the generation of each composite, backscatter information from all Sentinel-1 acquisitions of Switzerland and Liechtenstein during the compositing period was obtained.
The naming of each composite file follows the logic “S1_LRW_PD\-LRW compositing period in days\-\_SP\-Temporal sampling step in days\-_\-Start date and time for LRW composite generation\--\-End date and time for LRW composite generation\-.tif”, e.g. “S1_LRW_PD12_SP6_20150101000000-20150112235959.tif” for the first file. Each file contains four raster layers: 1) Vertically submitted and horizontally received (VH) and 2) vertically submitted and vertically received (VV) polarisation backscatter in the logarithmic dB scale, 3) composite local resolution, which is a measure for the quality of the pixel (for details, see Small et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3055562), and 4) the number of contributing observations.
Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data.

en: remote-sensing sar earth-observation radar sentinel-1 switzerland time-series c-band

en: Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Composite Backscatter Time Series of Switzerland

c-band

display_name: c-band

earth-observation

display_name: earth-observation

radar

display_name: radar

sar

display_name: sar

switzerland

display_name: switzerland

time-series

display_name: time-series


en:
**Schweizweite Hinweiskarten des lichtbedingten Verjüngungspotentials (Stand LFI VHM 2024)**
This is a dataset for Swiss forestry, for a description in English please see below.
Il s'agit d'un ensemble de données relatives à la sylviculture suisse. Pour une description en français, voir ci-dessous.
Si tratta di una serie di dati relativi alla silvicoltura svizzera. Per una descrizione in francese, vedere sotto.
Die Karte zeigt, wo die Lichtbedingungen für genügend Höhenzuwachs der Verjüngung (-= 300 cm) der jeweiligen Baumartengruppe ausreichen. Die Karte basiert auf gutachtlich erhobenen Feldaufnahmen in 39 Forstrevieren, verteilt über die ganze Schweiz und verschiedene Höhenlagen, sowie auf dem Kronenöffnungsgrad, der aus LiDAR Daten abgeleitet wurde. Die berücksichtigten Baumarten wurden anhand ihrer Lichtansprüche in die unten aufgeführten Klassen eingeteilt. Indikativ kann die Karte auch für andere Baumarten der jeweiligen Klasse verwendet werden:
- Lärche, Birke, Stiel- und Traubeneiche, Waldföhre und Kirschbaum: Lichtbaumarten (Klasse 1)
- Berg- und Spitzahorn: Halblichtbaumarten (Klasse 2)
- Fichte, Sommer- und Winterlinde: Halbschattenbaumarten (Klasse 3):
- Buche und Tanne: Schattenbaumarten (Klasse 4)
- Zu dunkel für das Aufwachsen sämtlicher Baumarten (Klasse 5)
Zweck: Die Karte zeigt, ob die lokal vorhandenen Lichtverhältnisse ausreichen, damit Jungbäume ohne zusätzlichen Eingriff vital ins Stangenholz aufwachsen können, und macht damit potenziell nötige waldbauliche Massnahmen frühzeitig erkennbar.
Hinweise zur Verwendung: Unterstützung von Försterinnen und Waldbewirtschaftern bei der Planung von Verjüngungseingriffen, der Jungwaldpflege, der Baumartenwahl und beim zeitlichen und räumlichen Monitoring, da die Karte bei neuen LiDAR-Befliegungen regelmässig aktualisiert wird.
Bemerkungen: Das Verjüngungspotential wurde ausschliesslich aufgrund des Kronenöffnungsgrads berechnet, der die Abschattung durch die umliegenden Baumkronen und dem Gelände berücksichtigt. Die direkte Sonneneinstrahlung wurde bisher nicht berücksichtigt, da damit statistisch weniger gute Ergebnisse erreicht werden. Somit kann auch die Hangexposition oder die Ausrichtung der Lücken bisher nicht berücksichtig werden. Ebenso können bisher keine Höhenstufen-spezifischen Unterteilungen erfolgen, da das verwendete nationale Modell in den statistischen Tests am besten abschneidet. In Beständen mit Bäumen und Sträuchern von ca. 3-7 Höhe werden die Lichtbedingungen in der Unterschicht überschätzt, d.h. die Karte zeigt in solchen Fällen ein zu hohes Verjüngungspotential. Die Karte wurde auf die Waldfläche gemäss LFI reduziert und Waldstrassen wurden so gut wie möglich ausmaskiert.
**Cartes nationales indiquant le potentiel de régénération lié à la lumière (état IFN VHM 2024)**
La carte montre les endroits où les conditions de luminosité sont suffisantes pour permettre une croissance en hauteur suffisante (-= 300 cm) de la régénération pour chaque groupe d'essences. La carte est basée sur des relevés effectués sur le terrain dans 39 districts forestiers répartis sur toute la Suisse et à différentes altitudes, ainsi que sur le degré d'ouverture de la canopée, dérivé des données LiDAR. Les essences prises en compte ont été classées dans les catégories ci-dessous en fonction de leurs besoins en lumière. La carte peut également être utilisée à titre indicatif pour d'autres essences de la catégorie correspondante :
Mélèze, bouleau, chêne pédonculé et chêne rouvre, pin sylvestre et cerisier : essences photophiles (classe 1)
Érable sycomore et érable plane : essences semi-photophiles (classe 2)
Épicéa, tilleul à petites feuilles et tilleul à grandes feuilles : essences semi-ombelibles (classe 3)
Hêtre et sapin : essences ombéliques (classe 4)
Trop sombre pour la croissance de toutes les essences (classe 5)
Objectif : la carte indique si les conditions de luminosité locales sont suffisantes pour que les jeunes arbres puissent atteindre le stade de perchis sans intervention supplémentaire et permet ainsi d'identifier à un stade précoce les mesures sylvicoles potentiellement nécessaires.
Conseils d'utilisation : aide les forestiers et les gestionnaires forestiers à planifier les mesures de rajeunissement, l'entretien des jeunes forêts, le choix des essences et le suivi temporel et spatial, car la carte est régulièrement mise à jour lors de nouveaux survols LiDAR.
Remarques : le potentiel de régénération a été calculé exclusivement sur la base du degré d'ouverture de la canopée, qui tient compte de l'ombrage causé par les cimes des arbres environnants et le terrain. L'ensoleillement direct n'a pas été pris en compte jusqu'à présent, car il donne des résultats statistiquement moins bons. De même, l'exposition des pentes ou l'orientation des clairières ne peuvent pas être prises en compte pour l'instant. De même, aucune subdivision spécifique à l'altitude ne peut être effectuée jusqu'à présent, car le modèle national utilisé obtient les meilleurs résultats dans les tests statistiques. Dans les peuplements composés d'arbres et d'arbustes d'une hauteur d'environ 3 à 7 mètres, les conditions d'ensoleillement dans la strate inférieure sont surestimées, c'est-à-dire que la carte indique dans ces cas un potentiel de régénération trop élevé. La carte a été réduite à la surface forestière selon l'IFN et les routes forestières ont été masquées autant que possible.
**Mappe indicative a livello nazionale del potenziale di ringiovanimento legato alla luce (stato LFI VHM 2024)**
La mappa mostra dove le condizioni di luce sono sufficienti per garantire un'adeguata crescita in altezza del rimboschimento (-= 300 cm) del rispettivo gruppo di specie arboree. La mappa si basa su rilevamenti sul campo effettuati da esperti in 39 distretti forestali distribuiti su tutto il territorio svizzero e a diverse altitudini, nonché sul grado di apertura della chioma ricavato dai dati LiDAR. Le specie arboree prese in considerazione sono state classificate in base alle loro esigenze di luce nelle classi elencate di seguito. La mappa può essere utilizzata in modo indicativo anche per altre specie arboree della rispettiva classe:
- Larice, betulla, farnia e faggio, pino silvestre e ciliegio: specie arboree che necessitano di luce (classe 1)
- Acero di montagna e acero riccio: specie arboree che necessitano di luce moderata (classe 2)
- Abete rosso, tiglio estivo e tiglio invernale: specie arboree di mezz'ombra (classe 3):
- Faggio e abete: specie arboree di ombra (classe 4)
- Troppo buio per la crescita di tutte le specie arboree (classe 5)
Scopo: la mappa mostra se le condizioni di luce locali sono sufficienti affinché i giovani alberi possano crescere vitalmente senza ulteriori interventi e rende così riconoscibili tempestivamente le misure selvicolturali potenzialmente necessarie.
Indicazioni per l'uso: supporto ai forestali e ai gestori forestali nella pianificazione degli interventi di ringiovanimento, nella cura dei boschi giovani, nella scelta delle specie arboree e nel monitoraggio temporale e spaziale, poiché la mappa viene aggiornata regolarmente con nuove rilevazioni LiDAR.
Osservazioni: il potenziale di rigenerazione è stato calcolato esclusivamente sulla base del grado di apertura della chioma, che tiene conto dell'ombreggiamento causato dalle chiome degli alberi circostanti e dal terreno. Finora non è stata presa in considerazione l'esposizione diretta al sole, poiché ciò comporta risultati statisticamente meno attendibili. Pertanto, non è stato possibile tenere conto dell'esposizione del pendio o dell'orientamento delle radure. Allo stesso modo, non è ancora possibile effettuare suddivisioni specifiche per altitudine, poiché il modello nazionale utilizzato ottiene i migliori risultati nei test statistici. Nei popolamenti con alberi e arbusti di circa 3-7 metri di altezza, le condizioni di luce nello strato inferiore sono sovrastimate, ovvero in questi casi la mappa mostra un potenziale di rigenerazione troppo elevato. La mappa è stata ridotta alla superficie forestale secondo l'IFN e le strade forestali sono state mascherate il più possibile.
**Switzerland-wide maps showing light-induced regeneration potential (as of NFI VHM 2024)**
The map shows where light conditions are sufficient for sufficient height growth of regeneration (-= 300 cm) for each tree species group. The map is based on expert field surveys in 39 forest districts spread across Switzerland and at various altitudes, as well as on the degree of canopy opening derived from LiDAR data. The tree species considered were divided into the classes listed below based on their light requirements. The map can also be used as a guide for other tree species in the respective class:
- Larch, birch, English oak, sessile oak, Scots pine, and cherry: light-demanding tree species (class 1)
- Sycamore maple and Norway maple: semi-light-demanding tree species (class 2)
- Spruce, small-leaved and large-leaved lime: semi-shade tree species (class 3):
- Beech and fir: shade tree species (class 4)
- Too dark for all tree species to grow (class 5)
Purpose: The map shows whether the local light conditions are sufficient for young trees to grow vigorously into pole wood without additional intervention, thus identifying potentially necessary silvicultural measures at an early stage.
Notes on use: Support for foresters and forest managers in planning regeneration measures, young forest maintenance, tree species selection, and temporal and spatial monitoring, as the map is regularly updated with new LiDAR flights.
Comments: The regeneration potential was calculated solely on the basis of the degree of canopy opening, which takes into account the shading caused by the surrounding tree crowns and the terrain. Direct sunlight has not been taken into account so far, as this leads to statistically less reliable results. This means that slope exposure or the orientation of gaps cannot be taken into account at this stage. Similarly, no altitude-specific subdivisions can be made at present, as the national model used performs best in statistical tests. In stands with trees and shrubs of approx. 3-7 m in height, the light conditions in the understorey are overestimated, i.e. in such cases the map shows an excessively high regeneration potential. The map has been reduced to the forest area according to the NFI, and forest roads have been masked out as much as possible.

en: forest-management protection-forest lidar light-availability rejuvenation

en: Switzerland-wide maps of light-induced regeneration potential (as of NFI VHM 2024)

en:
Resource Title: Verjüngungspotential_LFI_2024.tif
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    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/c9b1019d-78cf-49b5-b065-25d8e2dd2700/resource/2a3adf57-5d17-4c04-897b-13c2c94149b9/download/verjpot_ch_18122025.tif
    Description:

en:
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    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/c9b1019d-78cf-49b5-b065-25d8e2dd2700/resource/1f901079-7a5a-46a5-8246-a685d71e0c8f/download/verjungungspotentialkarte_kurzbeschrieb_17022026.pdf
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en:
Resource Title: LiDAR_Befliegungsjahre_VHM_LFI_2024.png
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    Format: image/png
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/c9b1019d-78cf-49b5-b065-25d8e2dd2700/resource/75048199-3e98-4715-9d2e-8e27cb265b12/download/lidar_befliegungsjahre_18122025.png
    Description: Karte mit den Befliegungsjahren der LiDAR Daten, welche für die Berechnung des Verjüngungspotential verwendet wurden.

forest-management

display_name: forest-management

protection-forest

display_name: protection-forest

rejuvenation

display_name: rejuvenation


en: Gas exchange, online isotope discrimination, and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were conducted on fully expanded leaves of grey alder (*Alnus incana*) and holm oak (*Quercus ilex*) tree saplings under different fractions of blue light (0–100%). Blue light was supplemented with red light to maintain a constant total light intensity. A detailed description of the measurements is provided in Diao *et al.* (2025) (https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraf305). These measurements generated a dataset describing the responses of key leaf physiological parameters to varying blue/red light fractions, including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, the maximum carboxylation rate of RuBP, non-photochemical quenching, etc. The dataset was further used for photosynthetic limitation analysis to disentangle the relative biochemical, mesophyll, and stomatal limitations on photosynthesis under different light-quality conditions. The results of the photosynthetic limitation analysis are also provided here.

en: gas-exchange photosynthesis fluorescence light-quality stomata

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Light-quality responses of photosynthetic, stomatal, and mesophyll traits of Alnus incana and Quercus ilex

envi

en: Environment

fluorescence

display_name: fluorescence

gas-exchange

display_name: gas-exchange

light-quality

display_name: light-quality

photosynthesis

display_name: photosynthesis

stomata

display_name: stomata


en:
This dataset contains bryophyte species count data and information about the observers bryophyte expertise for 2950 relevés conducted from 2011 to 2023 on 10-m2 plots in a long-term monitoring program in Switzerland. Plots were situated in raised bogs and fens of national importance, which were distributed across the whole country. The majority of the plots is represented by two relevés as sites are revisited every six years. The dataset was used in the paper mentioned below to test if species richness estimates differed among categories of observer expertise.
Moser T, Boch S, Bedolla A, Ecker KT, Graf UH, Holderegger R, Küchler H, Pichon
NA, Bergamini A (2025) Greater observer expertise leads to higher liverwort species richness in bryophyte surveys. _Journal of Vegetation Science_.

en: vegetation-survey cover liverworts mosses fen biodiversity-monitoring observer-bias raised-bog sphagnum

biodiversity-monitoring

display_name: biodiversity-monitoring

cover

display_name: cover

fen

display_name: fen

liverworts

display_name: liverworts

mosses

display_name: mosses

observer-bias

display_name: observer-bias

raised-bog

display_name: raised-bog

sphagnum

display_name: sphagnum

vegetation-survey

display_name: vegetation-survey


en:
This dataset contains several useful components for **Swiss Electricity system modeling**:
1. **High-voltage Swiss grid**: 2019 snapshot of the high-voltage (-150kV) grid composed of :
- Nodes: names, voltage, position.
- Lines: ends nodes, resistance, power capacity.
- Transformers: ends nodes, power capacity, resistance, tap ratio.
2. **Hydropower topology** : Representative description of Swiss reservoirs and plants (2019) composed of:
- Plants: Lower reservoir, Upper reservoir, pump/turbine, debit, power capacity.
- Reservoirs: Volume, altitude, position, canton.
3. **Inflows** into all the reservoirs: hourly time series post-processed from PREVAH model outputs from 2009 to 2019.
4. **Wind production per node**: COSMO-1 data processed and scaled to match SFOE annual production.
5. **Solar irradiance maps projected onto tilted surfaces**: hourly time series for 35° and 65° tilts, azimuth 180°. (same method as [Frischholz, Y. (2025)](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.632))
6. **Processed ERA5 (historical), ECMWF SEAS5 (seasonal forecast) and ECMWF TIGGE (short-term forecast)**:
- ERA5 Land: For inflow forecast model: historical runoff, snow depth, temperature and total precipitation per catchment (hourly, 2009-2019). For residual demand forecast model: historical temperature, u-v wind, ssrd per country (CH, AT, DE, FR, IT, hourly 2015-2019)
- ECMWF SEAS5: For inflow forecast model: same variables as ERA5 (yearly forecast starting from every 1st day of every month in 2019). For residual demand forecast model: same variables as ERA5 (yearly forecast starting from every 1st day of every month in 2019).
- ECMWF TIGGE: For inflow forecast model: same variables as ERA5 (two weeks forecast starting from every 1st day of every week in 2019). For residual demand forecast model: same variables as ERA5 (two weeks forecast starting from every 1st day of every week in 2019).
7. **Run-of-river production per electricity node**: 15-min resolution run-of-river production time-series (15min, 2009-2019). Raw data and documentation can be found on [https://data.sccer-jasm.ch/runofriver_production/2017-10-16/].
\
More details can be found on *README.txt*.

en: renewable-energy solar-irradiance forecast-models electricity-grid meteorological-data reservoir-inflow hydropower

en: Swiss electricity system modeling -- HV grid - hydropower topology and inflows - renewable productions - past and forecast meteorological data

en:
Resource Title: data_IFM_RDFM.zip
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    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/97e11e0b-8146-422d-8b04-33c9337eaba6/resource/7f514513-cb54-44a9-8ea4-8f8087048247/download/data_ifm_rdfm.zip
    Description: ERA5 Land, Seasonal forecast and short-term forecast meteorological data to train inflow and residual demand forecast models.

media_type: application/zip

en:
Resource Title: PV_data.zip
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    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/97e11e0b-8146-422d-8b04-33c9337eaba6/resource/e0e501b9-1041-4ff9-a3d9-485cce4aadac/download/pv_data.zip
    Description: Solar irradiance maps projected onto tilted surfaces: hourly time series for 35° and 65° tilts, azimuth 180°. (same method as [Frischholz, Y. (2025)](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.632))

en:
Resource Title: data_IFM_RDFM.zip
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    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/97e11e0b-8146-422d-8b04-33c9337eaba6/resource/965d0b4b-a87f-4023-8bb8-a33dd2d86c5a/download/data_ifm_rdfm.zip
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: SwissGrid_data.zip
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    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/97e11e0b-8146-422d-8b04-33c9337eaba6/resource/a1224789-8bb8-46cd-a36d-4cb81d6d47ec/download/swissgrid_data.zip
    Description: Description of Swissgrid high-voltage (>150kV) grid, including lines, transformers and nodes (snapshot of the grid in 2019) .

en:
Resource Title: node_RunOfRiver_15min.ftr
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    Format: application/octet-stream
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/97e11e0b-8146-422d-8b04-33c9337eaba6/resource/9923c621-7238-4b16-b20d-6736da165a5a/download/node_runofriver_15min.ftr
    Description: Run-of-river production on 15min resolution from 2009 to 2019 in Switzerland, aggregated by electrical nodes.

format: OCTET

en:
Resource Title: README.txt
    Size: 6216 bytes
    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/97e11e0b-8146-422d-8b04-33c9337eaba6/resource/0dc23d95-7563-4f21-a416-ca46643d9b69/download/readme.txt
    Description: Data structure and description.

en:
Resource Title: hydropower.zip
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    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/97e11e0b-8146-422d-8b04-33c9337eaba6/resource/66f009b8-0cef-4f4e-bc12-c3a7d684f229/download/hydropower.zip
    Description: Plants and reservoirs description, with associated hourly inflows (2009 - 2019).

electricity-grid

display_name: electricity-grid

forecast-models

display_name: forecast-models

hydropower

display_name: hydropower

meteorological-data

display_name: meteorological-data

renewable-energy

display_name: renewable-energy

reservoir-inflow

display_name: reservoir-inflow

solar-irradiance

display_name: solar-irradiance


en: This dataset contains code and data to reproduce the figures and analyses in the article 'Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals biodiversity recovery in tropical forest restoration across multiple landscapes' in Ecosphere journal. In this study, we analysed environmental DNA data from water and soil samples collected across gradients of forest regrowth at six sites in Colombia to assess the recovery of mammal and soil biodiversity associated with forest restoration.

en: colombia environmental-dna soil-biodiversity biodiversity-assessment forest-restoration mammals

en: Data and code underlying 'Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals biodiversity recovery in tropical forest restoration across multiple landscapes'

en:
Resource Title: Raw Data.zip
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    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/18ce28d1-0fa3-4f97-9690-78697dd39683/resource/b97d2608-f0d8-4544-a9a6-024f43b1d55d/download/raw-data.zip
    Description: Paired-end reads (specified by the R1 and R2 suffixes) for each individual sample. The reads have been demultiplexed using cutadapt but primers remain present in the sequences.

en:
Resource Title: Analysis Data and Code.zip
    Size: 15005123 bytes
    Format: application/x-zip-compressed
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/18ce28d1-0fa3-4f97-9690-78697dd39683/resource/275e7eac-1898-48ed-8c91-e3d2ee840782/download/analysis-data-and-code.zip
    Description: A zipped folder containing the scripts and data necessary to reproduce the analyses described in the study. Further instructions are provided in scripts/ReadMe.txt

biodiversity-assessment

display_name: biodiversity-assessment

colombia

display_name: colombia

environmental-dna

display_name: environmental-dna

forest-restoration

display_name: forest-restoration

mammals

display_name: mammals

soil-biodiversity

display_name: soil-biodiversity


restwasser-datenbank

en:
(in English below)
Der erweiterte Ausbau der Wasserkraftproduktion steht im Spannungsfeld mit der Sicherstellung ökologischer Funktionen von Fliessgewässern. Die neu entwickelte Restwasser-Datenbank bietet eine öffentlich zugängliche Grundlage zu den Restwasserbestimmungen der Schweizer Wasserkraftanlagen (WKA). Sie umfasst 252 WKA mit einer installierten Leistung von mindestens 3 MW, darunter 160 Laufwasserkraftwerke, 75 Speicherkraftwerke, 16 Pumpspeicherkraftwerke und ein Umwälzkraftwerk. Die erwartete jährliche Stromproduktion dieser Anlagen (ohne Umwälzbetrieb) beträgt 31’540 GWh, was rund 76 % der gesamten schweizerischen Wasserkraftproduktion entspricht. Die Datenbank umfasst rechtliche, hydrologische und technische Attribute und erlaubt dank ihrer kraftwerksspezifischen Struktur eine einfache Verknüpfung mit der schweizerischen Wasserkraftstatistik (WASTA). Dadurch wird die effiziente Bearbeitung hydro-energetischer Fragestellungen ermöglicht.
Eine öffentlich zugängliche Datengrundlage ist insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund des Klimawandels relevant, da dieser die hydrologischen Verhältnisse verändert und Nutzungskonflikte um Wasserressourcen verschärft. Gleichzeitig steigt der Druck auf aquatische Lebensräume, unter anderem infolge steigender Wassertemperaturen. Die Restwasser-Thematik betrifft nicht nur das Spannungsfeld zwischen Energieproduktion und Gewässerökologie, sondern auch Aspekte der Wasserqualität sowie weitere Nutzungen wie Trinkwasserversorgung, landwirtschaftliche Bewässerung, Kühlung und den Betrieb von Abwasserreinigungsanlagen (ARAs). Für eine nachhaltige Wasserwirtschaft ist die Etablierung öffentlicher und belastbarer Datengrundlagen unerlässlich, da sie eine Quantifizierung und Abwägung divergierender Interessen ermöglicht. Nur auf dieser Basis lässt sich die bislang emotional geführte Debatte versachlichen und können Entscheidungsprozesse evidenzbasiert unterstützt werden, die eine zukunftsfähige und nachhaltige Wasserwirtschaft fördern.
The planned expansion of hydropower in Switzerland conflicts with the need to preserve the ecological functions of rivers. To support informed decision-making, a publicly accessible database on environmental flows has been developed. It documents the environmental flow requirements for 252 hydropower plants with an installed capacity of ≥ 3 MW, including 160 run-of-river plants, 75 storage plants, 16 pumped-storage plants, and one closed-loop pumped-storage plant. Together, these plants have an expected annual electricity production of 31’540 GWh—around 76% of Switzerland’s total hydropower generation.
The database contains legal, hydrological, and technical attributes and can be easily linked to the national hydropower statistics (WASTA), enabling efficient analysis of hydroelectric issues. In the context of climate change, such an open database is crucial, as shifting hydrological conditions intensify competing water uses and increase pressure on aquatic ecosystems. Environmental flow requirements involve not only the trade-off between energy production and river ecology but also water quality and other uses such as drinking water supply, irrigation, cooling, and wastewater treatment. Robust, publicly available data are essential for quantifying and balancing these competing interests and for supporting evidence-based decisions in sustainable water resources management.

en: dotierwasser konzessionen wasserwirtschaft wasserkraft restwasser

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Restwasser-Datenbank

title_for_slug: restwasser-datenbank

envi

en: Environment

en:
Resource Title: Restwasserdatenbank_2025.xlsx
    Size: 169021 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/58c9e08b-4163-4a0f-a90f-babca8444ae9/resource/592a4142-73f8-4b06-8683-6bc93368a015/download/restwasserdatenbank_2025.xlsx
    Description: Restwasser-Datenbank mit rechtlichen, hydrologischen und technischen Attributen

en:
Resource Title: Restwasserstrecken - Restwasser-Datenbank 2025.zip
    Size: 1604321 bytes
    Format: application/x-zip-compressed
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/58c9e08b-4163-4a0f-a90f-babca8444ae9/resource/594bbc94-7b31-43d0-b11e-aded84961656/download/restwasserstrecken-restwasser-datenbank-2025.zip
    Description: Shapefile mit Restwasserstrecken - ein Produkt das in der Erarbeitung der Restwasser-Datenbank mitentstanden ist.

en:
Resource Title: Einzugsgebiete - Restwasser-Datenbank 2025.zip
    Size: 6280235 bytes
    Format: application/x-zip-compressed
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/58c9e08b-4163-4a0f-a90f-babca8444ae9/resource/96aafd27-de12-4e91-818a-972d8e4e465d/download/einzugsgebiete-restwasser-datenbank-2025.zip
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: Dokumentation_Restwasser_Datenbank.pdf
    Size: 1954979 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/58c9e08b-4163-4a0f-a90f-babca8444ae9/resource/9aad39fc-71b3-47e8-a48e-7b7a77294c85/download/dokumentation_restwasser_datenbank_jan26.pdf
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: Hydrologische Abflusszeitreihen - Restwasser-Datenbank 2025.xlsx
    Size: 12247368 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/58c9e08b-4163-4a0f-a90f-babca8444ae9/resource/82bdfb38-0d6b-4b32-8538-83d6820730de/download/hydrologische-abflusszeitreihen-restwasser-datenbank-2025.xlsx
    Description: Hydrologische Abflusszeitreihen von 1991-2020 für Anwendungen mit der Restwasser-Datenbank

dotierwasser

display_name: dotierwasser

konzessionen

display_name: konzessionen

restwasser

display_name: restwasser

wasserkraft

display_name: wasserkraft

wasserwirtschaft

display_name: wasserwirtschaft


en: In the context of landslide early warning research, soil moisture (e.g. volumetric soil water content and soil water potential) has been measured at six locations in the Napf-region (Emmental, central Switzerland) since April 2019. Here, we provide the hourly mean values of all sensors from all 6 locations after a comprehensive data control, filtering and aggregation (from 10-min to 1-hour values). A sub-set of these data (for the locations Wasen i.E.) has previously been published in envidat.ch at https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.369 applying the same data post-processing method. The dataset is complemented with meteorological data (locally measured air temperature and precipitation) as well as soil temperature. A detailed description of the sites and measurement installations can be found in a separate report (attached with the data).

en: soil-temperature soil-water-content soil-moisture landslide-early-warning soil-water-matrix-potential

en: In-situ soil moisture measurements Napf-region

en:
Resource Title: In-situ soil moisture measurements, Wasen i.E., steep slope, since 2019
    Size: 13820232 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/60d27b8c-1004-40fa-ab26-da593cd90e74/resource/526d9589-dbbd-4e7c-99f5-3f399c139840/download/soil_moisture_data_wasen_i.e._hillslope_emm_1.csv
    Description: Volumetric soil water content (m3 m-3), soil water potential (mbar) and soil temperatures (oC) measured in two profiles and four depths each, and two additional soil temperature measurements (oC), air temperature (oC) and precipitation (mm). Time intervall: 1 hour. Measurement period: since April 2019.
Location: steep hillslope, meadow
For a detailed description of site, soil and vegetation: see attached document.

en:
Resource Title: In-situ soil moisture measurements, Ranflüh, since 2021
    Size: 9751757 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/60d27b8c-1004-40fa-ab26-da593cd90e74/resource/ae6122ba-cbd3-4269-a140-f9d196d6046c/download/soil_moisture_data_ranflueh_napf_2.csv
    Description: Volumetric soil water content (m3 m-3), soil water potential (mbar) and soil temperatures (oC) measured in two profiles and four depths each, as well as air temperature (oC) and precipitation (mm). Time intervall: 1 hour. Measurement period: since April 2021.
Location: hillslope, meadow
For a detailed description of site, soil and vegetation: see attached document.
Update 2025:
The “precipitation” column was set to not available (NA) for periods when the pluviometer was identified as clogged. These periods were assigned (i) based on regular maintenance of the measurement station and (ii) irregular behavior of the measurement series compared to the precipitation signal from the other nearby measurement stations.

en:
Resource Title: In-situ soil moisture measurements, Wasen i.E., flat location, since 2019
    Size: 13662945 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/60d27b8c-1004-40fa-ab26-da593cd90e74/resource/49ea6359-5735-42fd-adea-2db3ce46328d/download/soil_moisture_data_wasen_i.e._flat_terrain_emm_2.csv
    Description: Volumetric soil water content (m3 m-3), soil water potential (mbar) and soil temperatures (oC) measured in two profiles and four depths each, and two additional soil temperature measurements (oC), air temperature (oC) and precipitation (mm). Time intervall: 1 hour. Measurement period: since April 2019.
Location: flat terrain, meadow
For a detailed description of site, soil and vegetation: see attached document.
Updates 2025:
The “precipitation” column was set to not available (NA) for periods when the pluviometer was identified as clogged. These periods were assigned (i) based on regular maintenance of the measurement station and (ii) irregular behavior of the measurement series compared to the precipitation signal from the other nearby measurement stations.
Column “VWC_0.7m_right” and “ST_5TE_0.7m_right” were set to not available (NA) for the period after the 2023-06-19T14:00:00Z due to irregular behavior of the ECH2O - 5TE sensor.

en:
Resource Title: Detailed description of soil moisture measurment sites, soil properties and sensor installations (in German)
    Size: 5211423 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/60d27b8c-1004-40fa-ab26-da593cd90e74/resource/f9981d88-aaaa-4e89-8abf-6a6357194cf6/download/detaillierte-beschreibung-standorte-und-bodeneigenschaften-pilotstudie-napf.pdf
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: In-situ soil moisture measurements, Ranflüh, 2021-2023
    Size: 6994002 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/60d27b8c-1004-40fa-ab26-da593cd90e74/resource/6526d0fe-255b-47ba-ae37-c5614500e6ba/download/soil_moisture_data_ranflueh_napf_2.csv
    Description: Volumetric soil water content (m3 m-3), soil water potential (mbar) and soil temperatures (oC) measured in two profiles and four depths each, as well as air temperature (oC) and precipitation (mm). Time intervall: 1 hour. Measurement period: April 2021-Dec 2023.
Location: hillslope, meadow
For a detailed description of site, soil and vegetation: see attached document.

en:
Resource Title: In-situ soil moisture measurements, Napf, since 2021
    Size: 9982444 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/60d27b8c-1004-40fa-ab26-da593cd90e74/resource/ded05973-051e-438f-a123-0bf18a65eab6/download/soil_moisture_data_napf_napf_1.csv
    Description: Volumetric soil water content (m3 m-3), soil water potential (mbar) and soil temperatures (oC) measured in two profiles and four depths each. Meteorological variables such as air temperature or precipitation can be received from MeteoSwiss.
Time interval: 1 hour.
Measurement period: since June 2021
Location: flat terrain, meadow (official MeteoSwiss station)

en:
Resource Title: In-situ soil moisture measurements, Trub, since 2021
    Size: 8975811 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/60d27b8c-1004-40fa-ab26-da593cd90e74/resource/00b3d08d-369e-421e-8b0a-09a874211b1b/download/soil_moisture_data_trub_napf_4.csv
    Description: Volumetric soil water content (m3 m-3), soil water potential (mbar) and soil temperatures (oC) measured in two profiles and four depths each, as well as air temperature (oC) and precipitation (mm). Time intervall: 1 hour. Measurement period: since April 2021.
Location: slope, meadow
For a detailed description of site, soil and vegetation: see attached document.

en:
Resource Title: In-situ soil moisture measurements, Wasen i.E., flat location, 2019-2023
    Size: 11901338 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/60d27b8c-1004-40fa-ab26-da593cd90e74/resource/668b78c4-9473-47f5-8d58-721c4be5e30d/download/soil_moisture_data_wasen_i.e._flat_terrain_emm_2.csv
    Description: Volumetric soil water content (m3 m-3), soil water potential (mbar) and soil temperatures (oC) measured in two profiles and four depths each, and two additional soil temperature measurements (oC), air temperature (oC) and precipitation (mm). Time intervall: 1 hour. Measurement period: April 2019-Dec 2023.
Location: flat terrain, meadow
For a detailed description of site, soil and vegetation: see attached document.

en:
Resource Title: In-situ soil moisture measurements, Langnau i E, since 2021
    Size: 9919529 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/60d27b8c-1004-40fa-ab26-da593cd90e74/resource/4df60c67-a0b9-4d1e-952d-11913104c1cb/download/soil_moisture_data_langnau_i.e._napf_3.csv
    Description: Volumetric soil water content (m3 m-3), soil water potential (mbar) and soil temperatures (oC) measured in two profiles and four depths each. Meteorological variables, such as air temperature or precipitation can be received from MeteoSwiss.
Time interval: 1 hour. Measurement period: since June 2021.
Location: flat terrain, meadow (measurement site of MeteoSwiss)
For a detailed description of site, soil and vegetation: see attached document.

landslide-early-warning

display_name: landslide-early-warning

soil-moisture

display_name: soil-moisture

soil-temperature

display_name: soil-temperature

soil-water-content

display_name: soil-water-content

soil-water-matrix-potential

display_name: soil-water-matrix-potential


en: This dataset contains number concentrations of ice-nucleating particles active at -15 °C observed at Weissfluhjoch during February and March 2019, as well as complementary data (measured aerosol number concentrations and modelled total precipitation along air mass trajectories). This data formed the basis of our paper with the title “Towards parameterising atmospheric concentrations of ice-nucleating particles active at moderate supercooling”.

en: aerosol ice-nucleation backward-trajectories raclets clouds

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

en: Ice nucleating particle concentrations active at -15 °C at Weissfluhjoch

envi

en: Environment

en:
Resource Title: INP15_WFJ_version2.csv
    Size: 12704 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/abf0b918-c606-4d3b-99cb-e503e99435f6/resource/3fd9cf7f-1b00-4e70-be8d-eb3b70c4ad03/download/inp15_wfj_version2.csv
    Description: This dataset version includes revised formatting for the start and end time fields.

en:
Resource Title: INP15_WFJ_version1
    Size: 11030 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/abf0b918-c606-4d3b-99cb-e503e99435f6/resource/28c08311-01f4-4245-a139-f867cfe69677/download/inp15_wfj.csv
    Description:

aerosol

display_name: aerosol

backward-trajectories

display_name: backward-trajectories

clouds

display_name: clouds

ice-nucleation

display_name: ice-nucleation

raclets

display_name: raclets


en:
This repository contains the data necessary to reproduce Fig. 5 of the publication: L. Mewes, H. Löwe, M. Schneebeli & B. Walter, *Optical determination of snow density via sub-surface scattering*, Commun Phys, doi: [10.1038/s42005-026-02490-1](https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-026-02490-1).
The source code generating Fig. 5 for the above mentioned publication is available at [10.16904/envidat.726](https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.726).
 Files
`SI01_Reflectance_Coldlab.h5`: Reflectance and partial reflectance data of a snow profile using the [SnowImager](https://www.snowimager.ch/).
`uCT_reference_data.csv`: Reference data extracted from a micro-computed tomography measurement.
Please refer to the `README` of the analysis code at [10.16904/envidat.726](https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.726) for further information.

en: reflection snow-profile snow-stratigraphy snowimager laboratory-study snow-density snow-microstructure

en: Data for the publication Optical determination of snow density via sub-surface scattering

laboratory-study

display_name: laboratory-study

reflection

display_name: reflection

snow-density

display_name: snow-density

snow-microstructure

display_name: snow-microstructure

snow-profile

display_name: snow-profile

snow-stratigraphy

display_name: snow-stratigraphy

snowimager

display_name: snowimager


en:
This is the source code for modeling preferential snowfall deposition and snowfall downscaling as described in:
Helbig N., Mott R., Bühler Y., Le Toumelin L., Lehning M. (2024) Snowfall deposition in mountainous terrain: a statistical downscaling scheme from high-resolution model data on simulated topographies. Front. Earth Sci. 11, 1308269 (19 pp.). https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1308269
The code reads wind speed, wind direction, and snowfall values for each time step from the example file meteo.txt, as well as terrain elevations (DEM) from dem.txt. The snowfall value is then downscaled to the fine grid defined by the DEM and written to pref_dep.txt.
The current version can be found in the WSL/SLF Gitlab repository:
https://gitlabext.wsl.ch/snow-models/statistical-preferential-deposition-model

en: mountains preferential-deposition statistical-model downscaling snowfall

en: Source code for a preferential snowfall deposition model

downscaling

display_name: downscaling

mountains

display_name: mountains

preferential-deposition

display_name: preferential-deposition

snowfall

display_name: snowfall

statistical-model

display_name: statistical-model


en:
The repository contains the source code necessary to reproduce Figs. 2-5 of the publication: L. Mewes, H. Löwe, M. Schneebeli & B. Walter, *Optical determination of snow density via sub-surface scattering*, Commun Phys, doi: [10.1038/s42005-026-02490-1](https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-026-02490-1).
The data for Fig. 5 of the above mentioned publication is available at [10.16904/envidat.724](https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.724).
Please refer to the `README` in this repository for additional information.
- **License:** The scripts in this repository are licensed under the MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for the full text.
 Files
`generate_figures.py`: Main script to generate the figures of the publication.
`snow_optics.py`: Core radiative-transfer functions.
`snow_image.py`: Utilities for loading and processing SnowImager ([www.snowimager.ch](https://www.snowimager.ch)) HDF5 data.
`helper.py`: Miscellaneous helper functions.
`lambertw.py`: Lambert W function implementation (John Burkardt, 2023, MIT license, -https://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/py_src/lambert_w/lambert_w.py-).
 Third party resources
- Refractive indices of ice are taken from 'Warren, S. G., and R. E. Brandt (2008), Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave: A revised compilation, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14220, doi:[10.1029/2007JD009744](https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009744).' available at: https://refractiveindex.info/database/data/main/H2O/nk/Warren-2008.yml
- The Lambert *W* function is implemented using the code of John Burkardt, modified 20 June 2023 and distributed under the MIT license (-https://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/py_src/lambert_w/lambert_w.py-).
- The source code in this repository is part of a larger project for post-processing [SnowImager](https://www.snowimager.ch) data hosted at [https://code.wsl.ch/snow-physics/snowimagerpro](https://code.wsl.ch/snow-physics/snowimagerpro).

en: Source code for the publication Optical determination of snow density via sub-surface scattering

en:
Resource Title: Source code
    Size: 22825 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/5ef9984d-7fd8-4b95-87c4-f479b2e5ac13/resource/9af1ca7b-8780-46ec-abbc-e4b6890eead6/download/src.zip
    Description: Source code to generate the figures for Mewes et al., Commun Phys, 2026.

The scripts in this repository are licensed under the MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for the full text.

en:
Resource Title: README.md
    Size: 5181 bytes
    Format: text/markdown
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/5ef9984d-7fd8-4b95-87c4-f479b2e5ac13/resource/97d46f1d-9321-4b1a-9a72-d79978da633f/download/readme.md
    Description: Instructions to generate figures for Mewes et al., Commun Phys, 2026.

format: markdown