en: We present a theoretical framework to model the generation and shaping of carrier-envelope phase stable narrowband pulses by means of difference frequency generation from independently tunable optical parametric amplifiers. The simulations apply group delay dispersion (GDD) to infrared (IR) pulses to generate second-order phase-modulated mid-IR pulses. The modulation of the second-order phase of the mid-IR is dependent on the relative second-order phase of the mixed IR pulses. Changing the relative second-order phase can produce linearly chirped or Fourier-limited narrowband mid-IR pulses. The bandwidth of the mid-IR is dependent on the pulse-shaped IR pulses and the central frequency of the mid-IR pulses are unaffected by the chirp. The delay between the optical parametric amplifiers offers another degree of tunability. The introduction of a delay changes the central frequency of the generated mid-IR pulse. It also has limited impact on the bandwidth of the mid-IR and does not change the dependence of the second-order phase of the mid-IR on the relative second-order phase of the IR pulses.

en: Simulated Generation of Tunable and Shaped Narrowband THz Pulses using Difference Frequency Generation


$oid: OBSOLETE

en:
Circular dichroism observed by resonant x-ray diffraction at the Cu L3 edge was investigated in a chiral antiferromagnet, Pb(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4, which shows magnetic quadrupole order (TN = 7K). At temperatures
above TN, space-group-forbidden reflection 100 is observed due to the anisotropic tensor of susceptibility (ATS) scattering. With decreasing temperature, the reflection intensity shows substantial circular dichroism below
TN. We found one-to-one correspondence between the sign of the circular dichroism and that of the sample’s crystallographic chirality. In addition, the reflection intensity depends on the product of poling magnetic and
electric fields. The circular dichroism observed in this study is interpreted as the interference between the ATS and the magnetic scatterings. This finding shows that the interference scattering probes both the chirality and the
order parameter of the magnetic quadrupole order in this chiral antiferromagnetic.

approval_status: approved

en: The PSI Data Catalog is the central repository directory for scientific metadata generated at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Powered by SciCat—a community-driven, open-source metadata management framework co-developed by PSI—the catalog provides discoverability and standardized access pathways to petabyte-scale datasets produced across PSI’s large-scale research facilities, including the Swiss Light Source (SLS), the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ), and the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser.

en: PSI Data Catalog

de: PSI Data Catalog

fr: PSI Data Catalog

it: PSI Data Catalog

political_level: other

state: active

type: organization

de: PSI Open Data Provider

en: Chirality and magnetic quadrupole order in Pb(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4 probed by interference scattering in resonant x-ray diffraction

type: dataset

key: guid

key: uri

value: DCAT Harvester SciCat

envi

de: Umwelt

en: Environment

fr: Environnement

it: Ambiente


en: Understanding ultrafast magnetization dynamics on the microscopic level is of strong current interest due to the potential for applications in information storage. In recent years, the spin-lattice coupling has been recognized to be essential for ultrafast magnetization dynamics. Magnetoelectric multiferroics of type II possess intrinsic correlations among magnetic sublattices and electric polarization (P) through spin-lattice coupling, enabling fundamentally coupled dynamics between spins and lattice. Here we report on ultrafast magnetization dynamics in a room-temperature multiferroic hexaferrite possessing ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic sublattices, revealed by time-resolved resonant x-ray diffraction. A femtosecond above-bandgap excitation triggers a coherent magnon in which the two magnetic sublattices entangle and give rise to a transient modulation of P. A novel microscopic mechanism for triggering the coherent magnon in this ferrimagnetic insulator based on the spin-lattice coupling is proposed. Our finding opens up a novel but general pathway for ultrafast control of magnetism.

en: Optical excitation of electromagnons in hexaferrite


en: Chloride transport by microbial rhodopsins is an essential process of which the molecular details have remained elusive, such as the mechanisms that convert light energy to drive ion pumping and ensure the unidirectionality of the transport. We combined time-resolved serial crystallography with time-resolved spectroscopy and multiscale simulations to elucidate the molecular mechanism of a chloride pumping rhodopsin and the structural dynamics throughout the transport cycle. We traced transient anion binding sites, obtained evidence for how light energy is used in the pumping mechanism, and identified steric and electrostatic molecular gates ensuring unidirectional transport. An interaction with the π-electron system of the retinal supports transient chloride ion binding across a major bottleneck in the transport pathway. These results allow us to propose key mechanistic features enabling finely controlled chloride transport across the cell membrane in this light powered chloride ion pump.

en: Dynamics and mechanism of a light-driven chloride pump - SFX datasets


en: Dynamics and mechanism of a light-driven chloride pump - SSX datasets


en: Dynamics and mechanism of a light-driven chloride pump - datasets collected with 13.7 keV X-ray energy


en:
A Muon Induced Xray Measurement (MIXE) of a hetero-structured sample of known elements and thicknesses.
The target consisted of a three-layered sandwich sample of iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), and copper (Cu) plates and was placed in vacuum.
Each layer was 500 μm thick with a diameter of 26.5 mm.
The sample was used to characterize the capabilities of MIXE at PSI. This sample emphasizes the quality of a continuous beam, and the exceptional SNR at high rates.

en: MIXE 2018 Fe/Ti/Cu sandwich sample raw data


en: Plasticity in amorphous SiO2 at the micro-scale is an unsolved problem. We aim to study the responsible deformation mechanisms (densification, shear flow, and shear band formation) and propose a Ptychographic X-ray Computed Tomography (PXCT) experiment to image the three-dimensional density distribution in plastically deformed silica micro-pillars. Understanding the spatial extend and geometric aspects of these mechanisms will contribute to the technological exploitation of these phenomena.

en: Direct observation of micro-plasticity in fused silica glass


en:
We report on element-resolved ultrafast magnetization dynamics in multiferroic CoCr2O4 and
Co0.975Ge0.025Cr2O4 after optical excitation above the electronic band gap. We observe demagnetization dynamics
in the range of several picoseconds, up to two orders of magnitude faster than previously reported
demagnetization in other ferrimagnetic insulators. Moreover, we find that the dynamics of the two magnetic
ions differ significantly just below the Curie point. The dynamics of the low-temperature multiferroic phase
are almost two times slower than those in the ferrimagnetic phase. This suggests that the additional magnetic
cycloidal component, which is coupled to electric polarization at low temperatures, might influence the ultrafast
magnetization dynamics.

en: Ultrafast probe of magnetization dynamics in multiferroic CoCr2O4 and Co0.975Ge0.025Cr2O4


en: The associated article to these datasets describes two new genera and species, Aristospermum huberi E.M.Friis, P.R.Crane & K.R.Pedersen and Siratospermum mauldinense E.M.Friis, P.R.Crane & K.R.Pedersen as well as related fossils assigned to Aristospermum cf. huberi and Aristospermum sp. 1. The fossil seeds of Aristospermum are from the Early Cretaceous Buarcos, Catefica and Vale de Água mesofossil floras of Portugal (Aptian-early Albian) and the Puddledock mesofossil flora of Puddledock, Virginia, North America (early-middle Albian). The fossil seeds of Siratospermum are from the mid Cretaceous (early Cenomanian) Mauldin Mountain mesofossil flora. The fossils were studied for morphological and anatomical features using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM). The seeds are anatropous, bitegmic and endostomic with the micropyle formed by the inner integument. The seed coat in all specimens consists of an exotesta of varied thickness, an endotesta of crystal cells and a three-layered tegmen with crossed fibers, features that in extant angiosperms define seeds of Aristolochiaceae (subfamilies Asaroideae and Aristolochioideae) and the fossils document for the first time the presence of the Aristolochiaceae lineage already by the Early Cretaceous.

en: Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy datasets for aristolochiaceous seeds from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal and North America


en:
Here we report a resonant x-ray diffraction (RXD) study at the Cu L3 edge on the multichiral system CsCuCl3, exhibiting helical magnetic order in a chiral crystal structure. RXD is a powerful technique to disentangle electronic degrees of freedom due to its sensitivity to electric monopoles (charge), magnetic dipoles (spin),
and electric quadrupoles (orbital). We characterize electric quadrupole moments around Cu ascribed to the unoccupied Cu 3d orbital, whose quantization axis is off the basal plane. Detailed investigation of magnetic reflections reveals additional sinusoidal modulations along the principal axis superimposed on the reported
helical structure, i.e., a longitudinal conical (helical-butterfly) structure. The out-of-plane modulations imply significant spin-orbit interaction despite S = 1/2 of Cu2+.

en: The PSI Data Catalog is the central repository directory for scientific metadata generated at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Powered by SciCat—a community-driven, open-source metadata management framework co-developed by PSI—the catalog provides discoverability and standardized access pathways to petabyte-scale datasets produced across PSI’s large-scale research facilities, including the Swiss Light Source (SLS), the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ), and the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser.

en: PSI Data Catalog

en: Conical spin order with chiral quadrupole helix in CsCuCl3


en:
The raw and derived data are related to the following publication:

Drying of water from porous structures investigated by time-resolved X-ray tomography

In this contribution, we apply time-resolved X-ray tomography to study drying of water in porous ceramic substrates used in emission control technologies. A time resolution of 2 seconds is achieved, and allows to observe the spatiotemporal distribution of water in structured porous materials. An image processing framework based on machine learning is introduced to track pore emptying and filling in a large number of 3D scans. Drying curves are extracted from the tomographic data to investigate drying in materials with different structural properties. Water redistribution by capillary pumping and rapid pore emptying by Haines jumps are observed, and their impact on drying dynamics is discussed. The relationship between the evolution of water clusters and different drying regimes is established. The obtained information on the interplay between pore emptying, water redistribution and the size of water clusters provides an important link between the structural properties of dried materials and their drying rate.

en: Environment


en:
X-ray linear dichroism and X-ray birefringence microscopy are yet to be fully utilized as instruments in the microstructural characterization of crystalline materials. These datasets are obtained from the first demonstration of analyzer-free X-ray linear dichroism microscopy using spectroscopic hard X-ray ptychography. Analysis of these data enabled a spectroscopic and microstructural characterization of polycrystalline vanadium pentoxide on the nanoscale, outside of diffraction-contrast based methods.
This work is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (project numbers PZ00P2_179886 and 200021_178788).

en: Dataset: Nanoscale crystal grain characterization via linear polarization X-ray ptychography


en:
The performance of functional materials is either driven or limited by nanoscopic heterogeneities distributed throughout the material’s volume. To better our understanding of these materials, we need characterization tools that allow us to determine the nature and distribution of these heterogeneities in their native geometry in 3D. These datasets contain measurements of pristine and industrially used vanadium phosphorous oxide (VPO) catalysts. The experiments were conducted using combined method of x-ray near-edge spectroscopy, ptychographic x-ray computed nanotomography, and sparsity techniques. The method allows the acquisition of quantitative multimodal tomograms of representative sample volumes at sub–30 nm half-period spatial resolution within practical acquisition times, which enables local structure refinements in complex geometries.
This work is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (project numbers PZ00P2_179886 and 200021_178788).

en: Dataset: Sparse ab initio x-ray transmission spectrotomography for nanoscopic compositional analysis of functional materials


en: The associated article to this dataset describes a new genus and species, Renbernia zhoui E.M.Friis, P.R.Crane & K.R.Pedersen from the Early Cretaceous (early-middle Albian) mesofossil flora collected in Potomac Group sediments at the Puddledock locality, Virginia, U.S.A. The new taxon is based on microsporangiate structures with Decussosporites-type pollen in situ in densely arranged microsporangiophores. The microsporangia are elongate with extrorse and valvate dehiscence. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy shows that they are bisporangiate. The in situ Decussosporites-type pollen is elliptical with an unusual arrangement of apertures. On the presumed distal face there is a long median colpus flanked laterally by two equally long lateral colpi. On the presumed proximal side there is a short transverse colpus perpendicular to the longitudinal colpi. Renbernia zhoui is compared to Brenneria potomacensis, another microsporangiate structure from the Potomac Group sediments with Decussosporites-type pollen in situ. B. potomacensis is slightly older than Renbernia zhoui and is distinguished by the more rounded microsporangia and the pollen is more distinctly saccate. A comparison with the extinct pollen genus Eucommiidites and a possible link of Renbernia zhoui to the Bennettitales-Erdtmanithecales-Gnetales group, which is diverse and common in the Puddledock mesofossil flora, is discussed.

en: Extinct seed plant diversity in the Early Cretaceous: An enigmatic new microsporangiate fossil with Decussosporites pollen in situ


en: The recently discovered superconducting nickelates are already looking quite different to their cousins, the cuprates. One big reason is the magnetic order. First, the undoped parent compound NdNiO2 appears to be non-magnetic, unlike the undoped cuprates, which are antiferromagnetic. Secondly, the hole-doped Nd1-xSrxNiO2 seems to host antiferromagnetic order as well as superconductivity and these coexisting phenomena are rare in hole-doped cuprates. Low energy muon spin relaxation provides the ideal tool to probe the magnetism in this new family of superconductors.

en: Determining the nature of the magnetism in infinite layer nickelate superconductors


en: Incomplete cancellation of collinear antiparallel spins gives rise to ferrimagnetism. Even if the oppositely polarized spins are owing to the equal number of a single magnetic element having the same valence state, in principle, a ferrimagnetic state can still arise from the crystallographic inequivalence of the host ions. However, experimental identification of such a state as “ferrimagnetic” is not straightforward because of the tiny magnitude expected for M and the requirement for a sophisticated technique to differentiate similar magnetic sites. We report a synchrotron-based x-ray investigation on an epitaxial film of CaFe2O4, which exhibits two magnetic phases with similar energies, performed at the Fe L2,3 edges. We find that while one phase of CaFe2O4 is antiferromagnetic, the other one is “ferrimagnetic” with an antiparallel arrangement of an equal number of spins between two distinct crystallographic sites with very similar local coordination environments. Our results further indicate two distinct origins of an overall minute M; one is intrinsic, from distinct Fe3+ sites, and the other one is extrinsic, arising from defective Fe2+ likely forming weakly-coupled ferrimagnetic clusters. These two origins are uncorrelated and have very different coercive fields. Hence, this work provides a direct experimental demonstration of “ferrimagnetism” solely due to crystallographic inequivalence of the Fe3+ as the origin of the weak M of CaFe2O4.

en: Ferrimagnetism in CaFe2O4


en: In this dataset the catalytic fast pyrolysis of three methoxyphenol isomers was investigated over HZSM-5 catalyst. The data is part of a manuscript submitted to the journal Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., entitled " Operando PEPICO unveils the catalytic fast pyrolysis mechanism of the three methoxyphenol isomers". This work is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (project number 200021_178952).

en: Dataset: Operando PEPICO unveils the catalytic fast pyrolysis mechanism of the three methoxyphenol isomers


en: In this dataset the methanol to olefin reaction was investigated over H-ZSM-5 catalyst using Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence (PEPICO) coincidence techniques. The data is part of a manuscript submitted to the journal Angewandte Chemie, entitled " Ketenes in the Induction of the Methanol-to-Olefins Process". This publication was created as part of NCCR Catalysis, a National Centre of Competence in Research funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation.

en: The PSI Data Catalog is the central repository directory for scientific metadata generated at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Powered by SciCat—a community-driven, open-source metadata management framework co-developed by PSI—the catalog provides discoverability and standardized access pathways to petabyte-scale datasets produced across PSI’s large-scale research facilities, including the Swiss Light Source (SLS), the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ), and the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser.

en: Dataset: Ketenes in the Induction of the Methanol-to-Olefins Process


en: In the corresponding article to these data sets, we explore the flow dynamics for two-phase flow in a porous medium (a bioclastic carbonate rock). We use state-of-the-art synchrotron X-ray tomography to capture the fluid dynamics within the pore space, with a temporal resolution of 1 s. The rock sample was initially saturated with brine (DI water doped with 15%wt. KI) before brine and nitrogen gas were injected simultaneously. As the gas establishes a path through the pore space, the flow dynamics are transient. Eventually, an equilibrium is established, where the gas saturation oscillates about a constant mean value; this is referred to as steady state. There are 9 data sets, with all the dynamics captured during steady state. We explore 3 total flow rates (brine flow rate + nitrogen flow rate): 0.1ml/min, 0.4ml/min, 0.7ml/min. With 3 fractional flows (brine flow rate / total flow rate) explored for each total flow rate: 0.85, 0.7 and 0.5. The images were captured with a voxel size of 2.75 µm3. In these data sets we observe the development of intermittent flow pathways, and the stability of these pathways when perturbed by a change in the flow rate .

en: PSI Data Catalog

en: The development and stability of intermittent fluid flow pathways during multiphase flow in porous media - initial state data


en: Understanding the ultrashort time scale structural dynamics of the FeRh metamagnetic phase transition is a key element in developing a complete explanation of the mechanism driving the evolution from an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic state. Using an X‐ray free electron laser we determine, with sub‐ps time resolution, the time evolution of the (–101) lattice diffraction peak following excitation using a 35 fs laser pulse. The dynamics at higher laser fluence indicates the existence of a transient lattice state distinct from the high temperature ferromagnetic phase. By extracting the lattice temperature and comparing it with values obtained in a quasi‐static diffraction measurement, we estimate the electron–phonon coupling in FeRh thin films as a function of laser excitation fluence. A model is presented which demonstrates that the transient state is paramagnetic and can be reached by a subset of the phonon bands. A complete description of the FeRh structural dynamics requires consideration of coupling strength variation across the phonon frequencies.

en: Raw data of the SACLA XFEL experiment 2021/05, Proposal Number: 2021A8026 on FeRh (Determination of sub‐ps lattice dynamics in FeRh thin films)

en: Environment


en: We present a detailed atomistic picture of the oxidation mechanism of Co nanoparticles and its impact on magnetism by experimentally following the evolution of the structure, chemical composition, and magnetism of individual, gas-phase grown Co nanoparticles during controlled oxidation. The early stage oxidation occurs in a two-step process characterized by (i) the initial formation of small CoO crystallites randomly distributed across the nanoparticle surface, until their coalescence leads to structural completion of the oxide shell and passivation of the metallic core; (ii) progressive conversion of the CoO shell to Co3O4, accompanied by void formation due to the nanoscale Kirkendall effect. The Co nanoparticles remain highly reactive toward oxygen during phase (i), demonstrating the absence of a pressure gap whereby a low reactivity at low pressures is postulated. Our results provide an important benchmark for an improved understanding of the magnetism of oxidized cobalt nanoparticles, with potential implications on their performance in catalytic reactions.

en: Absence of a pressure gap and atomistic mechanism of the oxidation of pure Co nanoparticles


chiral-phonons-probed-by-x-rays

en: The concept of quasiparticles is a landmark of condensed matter physics. The symmetry of quasiparticles is of particular importance to attaining emergent phenomena in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium states. Whereas recent exploration has demonstrated chiral fermions and their relevance in emergent phenomena closely relating to topology, the experimental verification of chiral phonons (bosons) remains challenging despite their expected strong impact on fundamental physical properties. Here we show experimental proof of chiral phonons by means of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering with circularly polarized X rays. We show how intrinsically chiral circularly polarized X rays couple to circular phonons at different positions in reciprocal space, principally being able to determine the chiral dispersion of a lattice mode. Our experimental proof of chiral phonons demonstrates a new degree of freedom in condensed matter that is not only of fundamental importance but also of inspiring unconventional ideas to extract emergent phenomena.

en: Chiral phonons probed by X rays

title_for_slug: chiral-phonons-probed-by-x-rays


en: In the associated article to these datasets, we describe a new genus and species of probable lauralean relationship, together with a new fossil related to Virginianthus from the Early Cretaceous Puddledock mesofossil flora from Virginia, USA. A further specimen is also described from the Early Cretaceous Drewry’s Bluff mesofossil flora, also collected in Virginia. The fossils are lignitized (PP56524, PP56559, PP57029) or charcoalified (PP54167, 57027, PP57673) and preserved in the preanthetic stage as floral buds. Internal details were studied using synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy at the TOMCAT Beamline, Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. The flower buds are small and delicate, preserved as lignitized and charcoalified specimens highly suitable for SRXTM. The new lauralean fossil is characterized by a tetramerous and whorled arrangement of floral parts with at least six whorls of perianth parts and two whorls of stamens. The perianth is inserted on the outside of a distinct floral cup (hypanthium) and on the rim of the hypanthium. The androecium is also borne on the rim of the hypanthium. The gynoecium consists of three carpels that are free from each other but fused to the inside of the hypanthium wall. Each carpel has many ovules borne along two ventral placentae. The Virginianthus-like fossil has floral organs in a distinct spiral arrangement on the rim of a distinct floral cup with about 12 perianth parts and numerous stamens and possibly staminodes. The new lauralean fossil shows a mosaic of features shared by several modern groups and cannot be placed unequivocally in any extant family or order, but the overall combination of features indicates a position among magnoliid angiosperms, probably close to the base of the Laurales. The Virginianthus-like fossil is more straightforward to place and appears closely related to the lauralean family Calycanthaceae.

en: Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy datasets for multipartite and cupulate flowers from Early Cretaceous mesofossil floras of Virginia, USA


en: The data available here consists of XPEEM and HR-STEM raw data that was used for a publication entitled "Absence of a pressure gap and atomistic mechanism of the oxidation of pure Co nanoparticles" by Jaianth Vijayakumar, Tatiana M. Savchenko, David M. Bracher, Gunnar Lumbeeck, Armand Beche, Jo Verbeeck, Stefan Vajda, Frithjof Nolting, C.A.F. Vaz, and Armin Kleibert. A detailed list of contents is provided in the "Content of source files and raw data collection" document.

en: Raw data for publication: "Absence of a pressure gap and atomistic mechanism of the oxidation of pure Co nanoparticles"


en: The binding and release of ligands from their protein targets is central to fundamental biological processes as well as to drug discovery. Photopharmacology introduces chemical triggers that allow the changing of ligand affinities and thus biological activity by light. Insight into the molecular mechanisms of photopharmacology is largely missing because the relevant transitions during the light-triggered reaction cannot be resolved by conventional structural biology. Using time-resolved serial crystallography at a synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser, we have captured the release of azo-combretastatin A4 and the resulting conformational changes in tubulin. Nine structural snapshots from 1 ns to 100 ms complemented by simulations show how cis-to-trans isomerization of the azobenzene bond leads to a switch in ligand affinity, opening of an exit channel, and collapse of the binding pocket upon ligand release. The resulting global backbone rearrangements are related to the action mechanism of tubulin-binding drugs against gout, cancer, and COVID-19.

en: Watching the release of a photopharmacological drug from tubulin using time-resolved serial crystallography: 10 nanoseconds after photoactivation.


en: Vision is initiated by the rhodopsin family of light-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). A photon is absorbed by the 11-cis retinal chromophore of rhodopsin which isomerises within 200 femtoseconds to the all-trans conformation, thereby initiating the cellular signal transduction processes that ultimately lead to vision. However, the intramolecular mechanism by which the photoactivated retinal induces the activation events inside rhodopsin remains elusive. In this work, we use ultrafast time-resolved crystallography at room temperature to determine how an isomerised twisted all-trans retinal stores the photon energy required to initiate protein conformational changes associated with the formation of the G protein-binding signalling state. The distorted retinal at 1 ps time-delay of photoactivation has pulled away from half of its numerous interactions with its binding pocket, and the excess of the photon energy is released through an anisotropic protein breathing motion in the direction of the extracellular space. Strikingly, the very early structural motions in the protein side chains of rhodopsin appear in regions involved in later stages of the conserved Class A GPCR activation mechanism. Our work sheds light on the earliest stages of vision in vertebrates and points to fundamental aspects of the molecular mechanisms of agonist-mediated GPCR activation.

en: The PSI Data Catalog is the central repository directory for scientific metadata generated at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Powered by SciCat—a community-driven, open-source metadata management framework co-developed by PSI—the catalog provides discoverability and standardized access pathways to petabyte-scale datasets produced across PSI’s large-scale research facilities, including the Swiss Light Source (SLS), the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ), and the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser.

en: ULTRAFAST STRUCTURAL CHANGES DIRECT THE FIRST MOLECULAR EVENTS OF VISION. Gruhl et al. 2023, Nature.


en: PSI Data Catalog

en: Watching the release of a photopharmacological drug from tubulin using time-resolved serial crystallography: 1 nanosecond after photoactivation.


en: Watching the release of a photopharmacological drug from tubulin using time-resolved serial crystallography: 100 nanoseconds after photoactivation.


en: Watching the release of a photopharmacological drug from tubulin using time-resolved serial crystallography: 1 microsecond after photoactivation.

envi

en: Environment


en: Watching the release of a photopharmacological drug from tubulin using time-resolved serial crystallography: 10 microseconds after photoactivation.


en: Watching the release of a photopharmacological drug from tubulin using time-resolved serial crystallography: 100 microseconds after photoactivation.


en: Watching the release of a photopharmacological drug from tubulin using time-resolved serial crystallography: 1 millisecond after photoactivation.


en: Watching the release of a photopharmacological drug from tubulin using time-resolved serial crystallography: 10 milliseconds after photoactivation.


en: Watching the release of a photopharmacological drug from tubulin using time-resolved serial crystallography: Apo state


en: Watching the release of a photopharmacological drug from tubulin using time-resolved serial crystallography: Dark state


en:
In this dataset the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP)  was investigated over BN and VOx catalysts using Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence
(PEPICO) coincidence techniques. The data is part of a manuscript submitted to the Journal of the American Chemical Society , entitled " Unraveling Radical and Oxygenate Routes in the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane over Boron Nitride". This publication was created as part of NCCR Catalysis, a National Centre of
Competence in Research funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation.  The folders contain mass spectra and threshold photoelectron raw data at different reactor temperatures. To analyse the data please download the following program: https://www.psi.ch/en/media/80480/download?attachment

en: Dataset to: Unraveling Radical and Oxygenate Routes in the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane over Boron Nitride


en: Gas-liquid two-phase flow is a very complex physical system. It is essential to study the physical interactions between gas and liquid phases, towards improving the modeling of the interfacial transport terms between the two phases. Higher resolution experimental data is essential for CFD quality closure model development. The two-phase flow behavior is highly influenced by flow conditions and the interaction between the bubbles of different sizes and different velocities. Currently, the prediction of bubble size distribution, bubble velocity and interfacial area concentration remain the most challenging tasks in analyzing the transport phenomena and simulating the turbulent bubble flows. Accordingly, several experiments have been conducted in tube bundles such as SUBFLOW at PSI. The SUBFLOW test facility is one of the very few facilities in the world that use Wire Mesh Sensors (WMS) to investigate the two-phase flow characteristics in tube bundles. In this work, we have reconstructed and recommissioned the SUBFLOW test facility, and utilize it to generate new data to extend the two-phase flow validation database, which includes void fraction, bubble distribution and bubble velocity measurement in a tube bundle. Separately, this paper also explains the WMS post processing techniques. Several WMS post-processing frameworks are available at PSI. The presented results show the variation between the different post-processing toolkits, as well as a comparison against previous SUBFLOW experimental data was conducted to verify the consistency of the recommissioning of SUBFLOW facility.

en: Experimental Study for High Reynolds’ Gas-Liquid Two-phase Flow through rod bundle using Wire Mesh Sensor (WMS)

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display_name: stars

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display_name: subflow


en: This dataset has been used in the work titled ‘Metamorphic fabrics can be formed by stress without significant strain’ by Gilgannon et al. (2023). It was acquired at the TOMCAT beamline as part of a long term science proposal called ‘Implementing novel X-ray transparent triaxial deformation rigs to study fluid-rock interaction at mid-crustal conditions’. This research was funded through NERC standard grant NE/T001615/1.

en: The PSI Data Catalog is the central repository directory for scientific metadata generated at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Powered by SciCat—a community-driven, open-source metadata management framework co-developed by PSI—the catalog provides discoverability and standardized access pathways to petabyte-scale datasets produced across PSI’s large-scale research facilities, including the Swiss Light Source (SLS), the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ), and the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser.

en: Metamorphic fabrics can be formed by stress without significant strain - sample VA18


en: PSI Data Catalog

en: Metamorphic fabrics can be formed by stress without significant strain - sample VA_s_1


en: Metamorphic fabrics can be formed by stress without significant strain - sample VA_A


en: Metamorphic fabrics can be formed by stress without significant strain - sample VA19

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en: Time-resolved SRµCT study of the pore and lamella evolution of bread samples in-situ during baking inside a microwave-convective oven.

en: In-situ microwave-convective baking of bread using 4D SRµCT


en: Calibrated and reconstructed data for the SciFi sub-detector of the Mu3e experiment


en: The files contain the calibrated and reconstructed data collected during test beam campaigns at PSI in 2020 and 2021 intended to characterize the performance of the SciFi subdetector of the Mu3e experiment

en: Development of the Scintillating Fiber Timing Detector for the Mu3e Experiment


en: Electromagnons are emergent collective excitations that involve both vibrational and magnetic characters, arising from strong coupling between the lattice and spins. Although previous experimental studies have successfully observed the spin dynamics of a coherent electromagnon, the associated atomic motions have not been directly observed. Here we use time-resolved hard X-ray diffraction to directly measure the ultrafast structural motion following the excitation of a coherent electromagnon by an intense THz pulse in a multiferroic hexaferrite. Comparing the dynamics of two different components, one striking outcome is the different phase shifts relative to the driving field, gives deeper insights into the excitation process of the electromagnons. The observation of combined lattice and magnetization dynamics of the electromagnon resonance paves the way to access the magnetoelectric coupling strength in ultrafast timescales, which remains a missing fundamental parameter for ultrafast control of magnetism in multiferroics.

en: Non-equilibrium dynamics of spin-lattice coupling


en: The data is part of a manuscript submitted to the journal Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., entitled " On the absolute photoionization cross section and threshold photoelectron spectrum of two reactive ketenes in lignin valorization: fulvenone and 2-carbonyl cyclohexadienone†". [https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP05206C, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022,24, 3655-3663 ]  This work is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (project number 200021_178952).

en: Dataset: On the absolute photoionization cross section and threshold photoelectron spectrum of two reactive ketenes in lignin valorization: fulvenone and 2-carbonyl cyclohexadienone


en: The data is part of a manuscript submitted to the journal Chem. Sci., entitled "Isomer-dependent catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of the lignin model compounds catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone". [DOI	https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SC00654A, Chem. Sci., 2021,12, 3161-3169 ] This work is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (project number 200021_178952).

en: Dataset: Isomer-dependent catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of the lignin model compounds catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone


dataset-phd-thesis-zeyou-pan

en: In this dataset all experimental data of the PhD work of Zeyou Pan is published. The dataset contains raw and derived data. This work is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (project number 200021_178952).

en: The PSI Data Catalog is the central repository directory for scientific metadata generated at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Powered by SciCat—a community-driven, open-source metadata management framework co-developed by PSI—the catalog provides discoverability and standardized access pathways to petabyte-scale datasets produced across PSI’s large-scale research facilities, including the Swiss Light Source (SLS), the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ), and the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser.

en: Dataset: PhD Thesis Zeyou Pan

title_for_slug: dataset-phd-thesis-zeyou-pan


en: Dark and light CrystFEL stream files for every timepoint collected during beamtime 19638

en: PSI Data Catalog

en: stream files produced from experiment p19638


en:
We report the successful operation of a functional pixel detector with gaseous helium cooling. Using an accurate
mock-up beforehand, the cooling was validated. We use a miniature turbo compressor to propel the helium at 2 g/s
under ambient pressure conditions with gas temperatures above 0 °C. Our earlier results based on computational fluid
dynamics simulations and a much simpler mock-up are confirmed. With this, we paved the path to cool pixel detectors in
experimental particle physics at heat densities up to 400 mW/cm2 using helium. This enables cooling of detectors with
very low mass requirements, minimising the effects of multiple Coulomb scattering effectively. The concept presented
here is not limited to pixel detector applications and can be used to cool any surface with comparable heat-densities,
only limited by shaping the helium gas flow.

en: helium pixel mu3e myon

en: Successful cooling of a pixel tracker using gaseous helium: studies with a mock-up and a detector prototype.

envi

en: Environment

helium

display_name: helium

myon

display_name: myon

pixel

display_name: pixel


en: The article associated with the datasets provided here presents a summary of the diverse and abundant occurrence of chloranthoid fossils from Cretaceous strata, along with the description of three new genera from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal and North America; the pistillate floral structures of Swamyflora and Wasmyflora and the staminate floral structures of Asterostemon. All three genera are related to extant Hedyosmum and extinct Hedyflora. The diversity of extinct chloranthoids during the Cretaceous is considerable and has revealed a number of unexpected features that help clarify the evolution of several unusual floral features of extant Chloranthaceae. Swamyflora and Wasmyflora, together with the previously described fossils of Hedyflora, are of particular importance in understanding the divergent seed coat anatomy and unusual hypanthial outgrowths of extant Hedyosmum. The description of the new Hedyosmum-like fossils is based on synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) of seven specimens of Swamyflora (PP56596, PP57072, PP57073, PP57100, PP57101, PP57106, PP57747 from the Puddledock mesofossil flora) and one specimen of Wasmyflora (S266319 from the Vale de Água mesofossil flora). The datasets supporting the descriptions are provided here together with datasets for four specimens of Hedyflora also studied using SRXTM (Hedyflora crystallifera: S172328 from the Buarcos mesofossil flora and S174186 from the Vale de Água mesofossil flora; Hedyflora sp. A: PP44116 from the Puddledock mesofossil flora; Hedyflora sp. B: PP54022 from Kenilworth mesofossil flora).

en: Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy datasets for Early Cretaceous Hedyosmum-like fossils from Portugal and North America


en: NavCt crystal pictures taken by light microscope at the PSI crystallisation facility.

en: 3D Crystal pictures of NavCT voltage-gated sodium channel


en: Test of scicat

en: Test 2


en: In this dataset the catalytic fast pyrolysis of ortho-methoxyphenol isomers was investigated over different zeolites. The data is part of a manuscript submitted to the journal Nat. Commun., entitled " Tuning the Zeolite Acidity Enables Selectivity Control by Suppressing Ketene Formation in Lignin Catalytic Pyrolysis". This work is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (project number 200021_178952).

en: Data: Tuning the Zeolite Acidity Enables Selectivity Control by Suppressing Ketene Formation in Lignin Catalytic Pyrolysis


en: Data to reproduce the experiments described in the paper: "Image2Reg: Linking Chromatin Images to Gene Regulation using Genetic perturbations screens" by Daniel Paysan, Adityanarayanan Radhakrishnan, G.V. Shivashankar and Caroline Uhler. The raw imaging data from Rohban et al. (2017) and from the Joint Undertaking in Morphological Profiling Cell Painting Consortium (Chandrasekaran et al., 2023) used in the study was obtained from IDR0033 available at "http://idr-demo.openmicroscopy.org/webclient/?show=screen-1751" , respectively from the Cell Painting Gallery on the Registry of Open Data on AWS "https://registry.opendata.aws/cellpainting-gallery/". Please note that these data resources need to be appropriately referenced if this dataset is used. Please refer to the above mentioned paper for a complete list of the used data sets.

en: The PSI Data Catalog is the central repository directory for scientific metadata generated at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Powered by SciCat—a community-driven, open-source metadata management framework co-developed by PSI—the catalog provides discoverability and standardized access pathways to petabyte-scale datasets produced across PSI’s large-scale research facilities, including the Swiss Light Source (SLS), the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ), and the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser.

en: Data for Image2Reg


en: The article linked to the datasets provided here describes a diverse assemblage of fossil mosses retrieved from the Early Cretaceous Catefica mesofossil flora, Portugal. The Catefica mesofossil flora is mainly dominated by angiosperm remains such as flowers, fruits and seeds. Mosses constitute a minor part of the flora. However, the mosses are systematically varied and informative, and they add important new information for understanding the diversification of the group through geological time. The fossil mosses from Catefica comprise three-dimensional charcoalified and lignitized fragments of gametophytes with leaves still attached and a single capsule. Twenty-four specimens were studied at the TOMCAT beamline of the Swiss Light Source of the Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. The analyses were carried out using a x10 objective with isotropic pixel size of 0.65 μm (S156534, S156535, S266374–S266379, S266383–S266392) or a x20 objective with isotropic pixel size of 0.325 μm (S171522, S174251, S266084, S266380–S266382). Together with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) analyses have revealed excellent morphology and cellular details that allow the recognition of seven new, extinct species accommodated in six genera. Three of the species can with confidence be placed in extant genera, while four are assigned to new, extinct genera. The species are distributed among four orders of extant mosses, Sphagnales, Polytrichales, Diphysciales and Dicranales, representing three classes, Sphagnopsida, Polytrichopsida and Bryopsida. Diphysciales being reported from Mesozoic strata for the first time. It is significant that although the Catefica mosses are diverse, they all document the presence of taxa from the basal grade of moss phylogeny, and all fossils belong to lineages that diverged prior to the diversification of the Bryidae, the most diverse clade of living mosses.

en: PSI Data Catalog

en: Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy datasets for Early Cretaceous mosses from the Catefica mesofossil flora, Portugal


en: The data available here consists of XPEEM, SQUID, transport, RHEED, and atomic force probe microscopy raw data that was used for a publication entitled "Direct Imaging of the Magnetoelectric Coupling in BaTiO3/La0.9Ba0.1MnO3 Multiferroic Heterostructures" by F. Stramaglia, G. Panchal, L. Tovaglieri, C. Lichtensteiger, F. Nolting, and C. A. F. Vaz.


en: The goal of the proposed experiment is to visualize and quantitatively describe the melt pool formation, its dynamics and formation of defects during Selective Laser Melting (SLM) manufacturing of alumina using operando synchrotron tomography. SLM manufacturing is a complex process that due to extremely fast melting, solidification and cooling cannot be explained by classical thermodynamic analysis.  This experiment will provide information, which was not accessible so far, but is a key to advance our understanding in laser additive manufacturing. For this purpose, an in-house built miniaturized SLM device for 3D printing alumina will be installed and used at the TOMCAT beamline for the first operando 3D imaging experiment, which will give direct insight into melt pool dynamics and defect formation occurring during SLM manufacturing

en: High-resolution time-resolved tomography of Selective Laser Melting of alumina


en: Data set for the manuscript: Image2Reg - Linking Chromatin Images to Gene Regulation using Genetic Perturbation Screens

envi

en: Environment


en: The article associated with these data collection describes the development of an image analysis pipeline suitable for analysis of all airspaces of an entire mouse lung. The classical stereology contributed to understanding the lung structure of the healthy and homogeneous lung, but has its limit in the analysis of heterogeneous structures such as diseased lung. Expanding stereology to the entire lung volume will allow for better comprehension of unevenly distributed lung damage. The proposed pipeline consists of several steps and starts with (i) image acquisition with high-resolution synchrotron radiation-based X-ray tomographic microscopy, as well as reconstruction and stitching of the individual scans, followed by (ii) image segmentation with free machine learning tool ilastik and ImageJ and (iii) calculation of the airspace diameter distribution with the thickness map function from the image analysis program pi2. To test the efficacy of the pipeline we analyzed adult mice lungs with cystic fibrosis-like disease or elastase-induced emphysema and their littermate controls. We were able to separately analyze two main lung compartments, the conducting airways and gas-exchange area. The distribution of airspace dimeters indicates the presence of enlarged lung airspaces in both compartments for both disease models. Finally, comparable results were obtained when applying the pipeline to images acquired with μCT, suggesting that our pipeline is applicable to a broader range of imaging modalities.

en: Airspace diameter map - a quantitative measurement of all pulmonary airspaces to characterize structural lung diseases


en: This dataset contains time-resolved X-ray tomographic microscopy on wicking in interlacing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns.  Wicking is a two-phase flow phenomenon in porous media where a wetting fluid replaces spontaneously the non-wetting fluid, here water and air. The employed setup provides high-quality four-dimensional imaging of water uptake in yarn interlaces in a FOV of 5.5 mm height at 2.75 um voxel size and up to 2.5 full scans per second. The segmented data gives the detailed inter-fiber pore structure and allows to track the evolution of the water configuration at pore level with its evolution of free (interfacial) energy.  Yarn-to-yarn transition is found to coincide with slow water advance in a thin interface zone at the yarn contact. The pore spaces of the two yarns merge within this interface zone and provide a transition path. A deep capillary pressure minimum occurs while water passes through the center of the interface zone, effectively delaying the wicking flow.

en: Wicking through complex interfaces at interlacing yarns


en: We present a detailed study of the magnetic, spectroscopic and structural properties of ultrathin LaMnO3 films deposited on SrTiO3(001) substrates by oxide molecular beam epitaxy. We find that the as-grown LaMnO3 films are slightly reduced and present a significant magnetic moment, while annealing to 600 oC fully oxidises and enhances its magnetic properties. From synchrotron x-ray photoemission spectromicroscopy, we find the presence of Sr, Ca and Si in the LaMnO3 film that diffuse from the SrTiO3 substrate; these impurities act as hole dopants, and can explain the presence of ferromagnetism in LaMnO3. This work highlights the importance of cation mobility at the elevated growth temperature in modifying the magnetic properties of ultrathin LaMnO3 films.

en: Role of interdiffusion on the magnetism of ultrathin LaMnO3 films


en: The controlled rotation of acoustically levitated samples is beneficial for analyzing sample properties, e.g., in a recently reported room temperature x-ray diffraction experiment, wherein thin film sample holders comprising thin film disks with short blades attached around their circumference were utilized. However, the mechanism of producing the torque and the determinant factor of the rotation direction for these planar ultrasonic rotors have been elusive. We, therefore, study the impact of the size and shape on the rotation characteristics of these ultrasonic rotors in air and further study the influence of the viscosity of fluid. Theory and experiment demonstrate the essential role of the short blades in producing the acoustic torque both in air and water. In the airborne case, the shape and arrangement of the blades are found to determine the rotation direction. In water, with a dynamic viscosity 55 times higher than that of air, we demonstrate that ultrasonic rotors down to 25-μm-disk-diameter function in an optimized experimental geometry with approximately the same actuation efficiency as in air. Our results will be beneficial to further improve the applicability of the ultrasonic rotors as sample holders for airborne experiments and to explore the micrometer-scale ultrasonic rotors in liquid.

en: Data for Size and shape dependent rotation characteristics of thin film ultrasonic rotors


en: Acoustic levitation has attracted attention in terms of chemical and biochemical analysis in combination with various analytical methods because of its unique container-less environment for samples that is not reliant on specific material characteristics. However, loading samples with very high viscosity is difficult. To expand the scope, we propose the use of polymer thin films as sample holders, whereby the sample is dispensed on a film that is subsequently loaded onto an acoustic levitator. When applied for protein crystallography experiments, rotation controllability and positional stability are important prerequisites. We therefore study the acoustic levitation and rotation of thin films with an aspect ratio (the diameter-to-thickness ratio) of 80–240, which is an order of magnitude larger than those reported previously. For films with empirically optimized shapes, we find that it is possible to control the rotation speed in the range of 1–4 rotations per second while maintaining a positional stability of 12 ± 5 µm. The acoustic radiation force acting on the films is found to be a factor of 26–30 higher than that for same-volume water droplets. We propose use cases of the developed films for protein crystallography experiments and demonstrate data collections for large single crystal samples at room temperature.

en: The PSI Data Catalog is the central repository directory for scientific metadata generated at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Powered by SciCat—a community-driven, open-source metadata management framework co-developed by PSI—the catalog provides discoverability and standardized access pathways to petabyte-scale datasets produced across PSI’s large-scale research facilities, including the Swiss Light Source (SLS), the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ), and the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser.

en: Data for Acoustic levitation and rotation of thin films and their application for room temperature protein crystallography


en: The small size, the location (embedded in the temporal bone), and the tiny movements of the three ossicles of the human middle ear make the study of sound transmission through the human auditory system extremely challenging. From the encouraging results of our previous investigations with dynamic synchrotron-based phase-contrast microtomography (proposal 20200954), we aim to further characterize the biomechanics of the human middle ear. The goal is to stimulate the middle ear with a broad range of sound frequencies, covering a wider spectrum of the human voice, together with a range of sound intensities meeting physiological criteria.

en: PSI Data Catalog

en: DYNAMITE: DYNamic phAse-contrast MIcro-Tomography of the human middle Ear


en:
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-invasive tumor that can give rise to invasive breast cancer, a
leading cause of cancer death. We generated a large-scale tissue microarray imaging dataset, stained for
chromatin using DAPI, from 560 tissue samples from 122 patients at 3 disease stages and 11 phenotypic
categories of the tumor during DCIS progression. We investigated what cell or tissue features mark DCIS
progression and if such features could be obtained from chromatin images alone without the use of
highly multiplexed staining or high-throughput sequencing. Using unsupervised representation learning
methods, we identified eight distinct morphological cell states just based on the chromatin images and
showed that these distinct cell states were associated with interpretable nuclear and chromatin features.
All cell states were observed in all 3 disease stages and 11 phenotypic categories with different
proportions, indicating that cell states that are enriched in invasive cancer already exist in small fractions
in normal breast tissue. Tissue-level analysis revealed that the spatial organization of the cell states, in
terms of a cell state’s position relative to the ducts and relative to each other, were significantly altered
during DCIS progression. Importantly, we showed that disease stage and phenotypic category could be
accurately predicted just based on statistics of cell state neighborhoods. Collectively, our analysis
demonstrates that chromatin imaging represents a powerful measure of cell state and disease stage of
DCIS, thereby providing a simple and effective imaging-based biomarker for tumor progression.

en: Imaging data related to the paper "Unsupervised representation learning of chromatin images identifies changes in cell state and tissue organization during DCIS progression"


en: Many environmental and industrial processes depend on how fluids displace each other in porous materials. However, the flow dynamics that govern this process are still poorly understood. This dataset introduces a novel 4D micro-velocimetry method to study this, based on tracking flow-tracing micro-particles  (silver-coated hollow glass spheres of 10 µm diameter) using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography with fast imaging rates. The measurement was done at the TOMCAT beamline of the Swiss Light Source. The dataset pertains to unsteady-state multiphase flow in a porous sintered glass filter sample, in which a non-wetting phase (silicon oil) was injected at constant rate to displace the wetting phase (water doped with potassium iodide: 10%wt KI brine). The tracer particles were dispersed in the non-wetting phase. The dataset spans a time window of 50 seconds during which 200 tomograms were acquired (i.e. 4 Hz imaging rate), each with a 2.75 micrometer voxel size. During this time window, the dynamics prior, during and after a Haines jump were captured. We provide reconstructions without phase retrieval which maximize the contrast between the tracer particles and the non-wetting phase, and reconstructions with Paganin phase retrieval that maximize the contrast between the non-wetting and the wetting phase. The data shows that Haines jumps cause perturbations to the 3D flow field in the porous medium and makes it possible to investigate the non-equilibrium energy dynamics.

en: 4D X-ray micro-velocimetry data of multiphase flow perturbations in porous media

en: Environment


en: We report the observation of fully magnetically polarized ultrathin La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 films by using LaMnO3 and La0.45Sr0.55MnO3 buffer layers grown epitaxially on SrTiO3(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Specifically, we show that La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 films grown on 12-unit-cell LaMnO3 have bulk-like magnetic moments starting from a single unit cell thickness, while for the 15-unit-cell La0.45Sr0.55MnO3 buffer layer, the La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 transitions from an antiferromagnetic state to a fully spin-polarized ferromagnetic state at 4 unit cells. The magnetic results are confirmed by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, while linear dichroic measurements carried out for the La0.8Sr0.2MnO3/La0.45Sr0.55MnO3 series show the presence of an orbital reorganization at the transition from the antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic state corresponding to a change from a preferred in-plane orbital hole occupancy, characteristic of the A-type antiferromagnetic state of La0.45Sr0.55MnO3, to preferentially out of plane. We interpret our findings in terms of the different electronic charge transfers between the adjacent layers, confined to the unit cell in the case of insulating LaMnO3 and extended to a few unit cells in the case of conducting La0.45Sr0.55MnO3. Our work demonstrates an approach to growing ultrathin mixed-valence manganite films that are fully magnetically polarized from the single unit cell, paving the way to fully exploring the unique electronic properties of this class of strongly correlated oxide materials.

en: Fully Magnetically Polarized Ultrathin La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 Films


en: Reconstruction code for burst ptychography and tomography used at the at the cSAXS beamline, Swiss Light Source in Paul Scherrer Institute.

en: X-ray Tomography of a Data Processing Chip at 4 nm Resolution


en: Data of a computer chip obtained by using Ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (PXCT) with a 4.2 nm voxel size in 3D. The sample pillar diameter was 5 micrometers and the sample was acquired at the cSAXS beamline, Swiss Light Source in Paul Scherrer Institute.


en:
Two-dimensional magnetic materials attract a lot of attention since
they potentially exhibit new magnetic properties due to, e.g., strongly
enhanced spin fluctuations. However, the suppression of the long-range
magnetic order in two dimensions due to long-wavelength spin fluctuations,
as suggested by the Mermin-Wagner theorem, has been questioned
for finite-size laboratory samples. Here we study the magnetic properties
of a dimensional crossover in superlattices composed of the antiferromagnetic
LaFeO3 and SrTiO3 that, thanks to their large lateral size, allowed
examination using a sensitive magnetic probe — muon spin rotation spectroscopy.
We show that the iron electronic moments in superlattices with
3 and 2 monolayers of LaFeO3 exhibit a static antiferromagnetic order. In
contrast, in the superlattices with single LaFeO3 monolayer, the moments
do not order and fluctuate to the lowest measured temperature as expected
from the Mermin-Wagner theorem. Our work shows how dimensionality
can be used to tune the magnetic properties of ultrathin films.

en: Magnetic properties of LaFeO3/SrTiO3 superlattices


en: In this work, we map the charge carrier concentration as a function of depth and electric field across the SiO2/Si interface up to a depth of 100 nm in Si-based MOS capacitors using low-energy muons. The results show that the formation of the anisotropic bond-centered muonium MuBC state in Si serves as a direct measure of the local changes in electronic structures, which were detected and scanned for a range of depths. In general, any muonium state in a semiconductor can be used as a sensitive probe for the presence of free charge carriers. Therefore, our work represents a significant extension of the application of the muon spin rotation technique (μSR) and lays the foundation for further research on direct observation of charge carrier density manipulation at technologically important semiconductor device interfaces.

en: The PSI Data Catalog is the central repository directory for scientific metadata generated at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Powered by SciCat—a community-driven, open-source metadata management framework co-developed by PSI—the catalog provides discoverability and standardized access pathways to petabyte-scale datasets produced across PSI’s large-scale research facilities, including the Swiss Light Source (SLS), the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ), and the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser.

en: Charge carrier distribution observation and manipulation in Si-MOS


en: The evolution of the magnetic ground state of ultrathin 0–10 unit cells (uc) thick La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 films interfaced to an antiferromagnetic La0.45Sr0.55MnO3/SrTiO3(001) buffer layer was investigated with x-ray photoemission electron microscopy. For 0–3 uc La0.8Sr0.2MnO3, we observe antiferromagnetic domains but no ferromagnetic contrast, showing that nominally ferromagnetic La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 adopts the antiferromagnetic ground state of the buffer layer. For larger thicknesses, ferromagnetic domains emerge, confirming that the additional layers revert to the ferromagnetic ground state. We also observe a drastic increase in the complexity of the domain configuration between 3 and 5 uc, which we attribute to competing magnetic and electronic ground states in the system. We attribute the interfacial modified magnetic ground state to charge sharing at the interface due to the chemical potential mismatch, which leads to hole doping at the La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 interface. The present work sheds light on the impact of charge sharing at the interface of complex oxide materials, in particular on the magnetic and electronic states, and presents a strategy for modulating the electronic ground state properties at metallic interfaces.

en: PSI Data Catalog

en: Charge-exchange-driven interfacial antiferromagnetic ground state in La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 ultrathin films


en:
Tomographic data set of dynamic liquid water injection into SGL 24 BA gas diffusion layer

Data collected at TOMCAT beamline of SLS.

en: Tomographic data set of dynamic liquid water injection into SGL 25 BA gas diffusion layer

lamibracmularczyk-paper

display_name: lamibracmularczyk-paper

liquid-injection

display_name: liquid-injection

sgl

display_name: sgl

tomcat

display_name: tomcat


en:
Tomography data published in A. Mularczyk et al. (2020). 'Droplet and Percolation Network Interactions in a Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layer', Journal of The Electrochemical Society 167(8): 084506.  https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab8c85
#####
The tomographic data of liquid water observed in the flow field channel was used also in Andersson, M., et al. (2018). "Modeling and synchrotron imaging of droplet detachment in gas channels of polymer electrolyte fuel cells." Journal of Power Sources 404: 159-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.10.021
###### The tomographic data of liquid water observed in the GDL and flow field channel was also used in Niblett, D., et al. (2020). "Two-phase flow dynamics in a gas diffusion layer - gas channel - microporous layer system." Journal of Power Sources 471: 228427.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228427
###### A small ROI segmentation around the water cluster in GDL of this dataset can be accessed under https://doi.org/10.16907/13dc29a3-733b-419b-ad61-838d17ddfa47
###### The Large ROI segmentation of this dataset can be accessed under https://doi.org/10.16907/a27fda1c-e6bb-47f0-ba14-31b407179756

en: Tomographic data set of dynamic liquid water injection into SGL 25 BA gas diffusion layer: Raw reconstruction


en:
Tomography data published in A. Mularczyk et al. (2020). 'Droplet and Percolation Network Interactions in a Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layer', Journal of The Electrochemical Society 167(8): 084506. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab8c85
###### The tomographic data of liquid water observed in the flow field channel was used also in Andersson, M., et al. (2018). "Modeling and synchrotron imaging of droplet detachment in gas channels of polymer electrolyte fuel cells." Journal of Power Sources 404: 159-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.10.021
###### The tomographic data of liquid water observed in the GDL and flow field channel was also used in Niblett, D., et al. (2020). "Two-phase flow dynamics in a gas diffusion layer - gas channel - microporous layer system." Journal of Power Sources 471: 228427.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228427
###### A small ROI segmentation around the water cluster in GDL of this dataset can be accessed under https://doi.org/10.16907/13dc29a3-733b-419b-ad61-838d17ddfa47
###### The Raw CT data of this dataset can be accessed under https://doi.org/10.16907/63ac1a63-8ab6-4a92-be5a-db499c9e7e6a

en: Tomographic data set of dynamic liquid water injection into SGL 25 BA gas diffusion layer: Large ROI segmentation

envi

en: Environment


en:
Tomography data published in A. Mularczyk et al. (2020). 'Droplet and Percolation Network Interactions in a Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layer', Journal of The Electrochemical Society 167(8): 084506. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab8c85
######
The tomographic data of liquid water observed in the flow field channel was used also in Andersson, M., et al. (2018). "Modeling and synchrotron imaging of droplet detachment in gas channels of polymer electrolyte fuel cells." Journal of Power Sources 404: 159-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.10.021
###### The tomographic data of liquid water observed in the GDL and flow field channel was also used in Niblett, D., et al. (2020). "Two-phase flow dynamics in a gas diffusion layer - gas channel - microporous layer system." Journal of Power Sources 471: 228427.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228427

######
The Large ROI segmentation of this dataset can be accessed under 	https://doi.org/10.16907/a27fda1c-e6bb-47f0-ba14-31b407179756
######
The Raw CT data of this dataset can be accessed under 	https://doi.org/10.16907/63ac1a63-8ab6-4a92-be5a-db499c9e7e6a

en: Tomographic data set of dynamic liquid water injection into SGL 25 BA gas diffusion layer: SmallROI segmentation


en: We investigate solvent effects in the hydrodeoxygenation of 4-propylguaiacol (4PG, 166 amu), a key lignin-derived monomer, over Ru/C catalyst by combined operando synchrotron photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. With and without isooctane co-feeding, ring-hydrogenated 2-methoxy-4-propylcyclohexanol (172 amu) is the first product, due to the favorable flat adsorption configuration of 4PG on the catalyst surface. In contrast, tetrahydrofuran (THF)—a polar aprotic solvent that is representative of those used for lignin solubilization and upgrading—strongly coordinates to the catalyst surface at the oxygen atom. This induces a local steric hindrance, blocking the flat adsorption of 4PG more effectively, as it needs more Ru sites than the tilted adsorption configuration revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. Therefore, THF suppresses benzene ring hydrogenation, favoring a demethoxylation route that yields 4-propylphenol (136 amu), followed by dehydroxylation to propylbenzene (120 amu). Solvent selection may provide new avenues to controlling catalytic selectivity.

en: Dataset: A Solution for 4-Propylguaiacol Hydrodeoxygenation without Ring Saturation


en: Morphology and defects in 3D self-assembled diamond networks


en: Ptychographic and tomographic reconstructions of a triblock copolymer soft matter crystal replicated into gold

en: The PSI Data Catalog is the central repository directory for scientific metadata generated at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Powered by SciCat—a community-driven, open-source metadata management framework co-developed by PSI—the catalog provides discoverability and standardized access pathways to petabyte-scale datasets produced across PSI’s large-scale research facilities, including the Swiss Light Source (SLS), the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ), and the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser.


en:
The articles based on this dataset discuss structural dynamics in an operating zero-gap forward-bias bipolar membrane CO2 electrolyzer using time-resolved X-ray tomographic microscopy. The employed setup provides high-quality four-dimensional imaging in a FOV of 5 mm height at 2.75 um voxel size and one full scan (1s acquisition) every minute. Different routes for segmentation yield the membrane with forming cavities, the catalyst layer and the porous cathode gas diffusion layer including pore and flow field filling with liquid water.
We find strong swelling of the membrane, membrane delamination, anode catalyst layer degradation, but no flooding of the cathode.

en: Operando X-ray tomography in bipolar membrane electrolyte CO2-electrolysis


en: The resonant excitation of electronic transitions with coherent laser sources creates quantum coherent superpositions of the involved electronic states. Most time-resolved studies have focused on gases or isolated subsystems embedded in insulating solids, aiming for applications in quantum information1–6. Here, we focus on the coherent control of orbital wavefunctions in the correlated quantum material Tb2Ti2O7, which forms an interacting spin liquid ground state. We show that resonant excitation with a strong THz pulse creates a coherent superposition of the lowest energy Tb 4f states. The coherence manifests itself as a macroscopic oscillating magnetic dipole, which is detected by ultrafast resonant x-ray diffraction. We envision the coherent control of orbital wavefunctions demonstrated here to become a new tool for the ultrafast manipulation and investigation of quantum materials.

en: PSI Data Catalog

en: Coherent control of rare earth 4f shell wavefunctions in the quantum spin liquid Tb2Ti2O7 Source Data


en: Multiphase fluid flow through porous media occurs in various natural and engineered settings. How local wetting phenomena, such as those induced by pore-scale roughness, translate into effective multiphase fluid flow behavior observed at larger scales remains poorly understood. In this study, an unsteady-state waterflooding experiment in a sandstone sample with pronounced surface roughness was conducted and imaged using synchrotron-based sub-micron time-resolved X-ray tomography at the TOMCAT beamline of the Swiss Light Source. The data shows how local roughness features cause fluid displacements to occur as a series of smaller sub-pore scale events controlled by (de-)pinning of the fluid-fluid interface and wetting layer growth. Our data offers quantitative insights into multiphase fluid displacement process and provides a basis to verify numerical simulations of pore-scale multiphase fluid flow.

en: A submicron time-resolved X-ray tomography dataset investigating the role of surface roughness during multiphase flow in porous media


en: The interaction of magnetic order and spontaneous polarization is a fundamental coupling with the prospect for the control of electronic properties and magnetism. The connection among magnetic order, charge localization and associated metal-insulator transition (MIT) are cornerstones for materials control. Materials that combine both effects are therefore of great interest for testing models that claim the occurrence of spontaneous polarization from and magnetic charge order. One class of materials proposed to combine these functionalities is the family of RNiO3 (R: lanthanide or Y), whose members show a clear MIT and an antiferromagnetic ground state and for which an electric polarization has been predicted. Using resonant magnetic x-ray scattering with circular polarization and an applied electric field we show that YNiO3 possess a magnetic structure containing domains of spin-rotations that are consistent with an electric polarization. We show a reversal of the magnetic structure with the applied electric field confirming that charge ordered RNiO3 are magnetoelectric type II multiferroics with a MIT.

en: Magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic nickelate perovskite YNiO3


en: The data is part of a manuscript submitted to the journal Green Chemistry, entitled "Catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of lignin moieties driven by aldehyde, hydroxyl, methoxy, and allyl functionalization: the role of reactive quinone methide and ketene intermediates". [DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/d4gc03143a. This work is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (project number 200021_178952)

en: Dataset: Catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of lignin moieties driven by aldehyde, hydroxyl, methoxy, and allyl functionalization: the role of reactive quinone methide and ketene intermediates

en: Environment


en: Understanding the biomechanics of the human middle ear remains a challenge, primarily due to the auditory ossicles’ size, its location in the temporal bone, and subtle movements. In a recent study, dynamic synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography has been used on acoustically stimulated intact human ears, allowing the three-dimensional visualization of the ossicular chain in intact human ears for the first time. The implementation of a dedicated analysis pipeline has demonstrated the ability to resolve fast micromotions at 128 Hz for two acoustic stimuli (110 and 120 dB Sound Pressure Level (SPL)) on fresh-frozen human temporal bones. Measuring at lower sound pressure levels is challenging, because the ossicular vibrations become smaller, and the spatial resolution limit of the current detection system is reached. Increasing the spatial resolution without compromising the image quality or the temporal resolution would significantly extend the dynamic imaging capabilities. Here, a comparative study is conducted for a stimulation frequency of 128 Hz at 120 dB SPL between two synchrotron-based X-ray magnification setups: a 4x high NA macroscope (pixel size 2.75 \textmu m) versus a x10 high NA microscope (pixel size 1.1 \textmu m) in combination with the GigaFRoST fast read-out detector. It shows that an increase in resolution can indeed improve the detection of the micromovements, at the compromise of a more limited field of view.

en: High-resolution dynamic synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography of the human middle ear


en: In this paper we present a model system built out of artificially layered materials, allowing us to understand the interrelation of magnetic phases with the metallic-insulating phase at long length scales, and enabling new strategies for the design and control of materials in devices. The artificial model system consists of superlattices made of SmNiO3 and NdNiO3 layers, – two members of the fascinating rare earth nickelate family, having different metal-to-insulator and magnetic transition temperatures. By combining two complementary techniques—resonant elastic x-ray scattering and muon spin relaxation—we show how the magnetic order evolves, in this complex multicomponent system, as a function of temperature and superlattice periodicity. We demonstrate that the length scale of the coupling between the antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases is longer than that of the electronic metal-insulator phase transition—despite being subsidiary to it. This can be explained via a Landau theory—where the bulk magnetic energy plus a gradient cost between magnetic and nonmagnetic phases is considered. These results provide a clear understanding of the coupling of magnetic transitions in systems sharing identical order parameters.

en: Coupling of magnetic phases at nickelate interfaces (SNO-NNO)


en: In this study, we explore the intricate interplay between the electronic properties within the solid and field emission beams characteristics. By examining the fundamental principles governing field emission, we investigate how transverse momentum impact the propagation of the emitted electron beams. We demonstrate that transverse momentum and the spatial coherence of the emission source significantly affect beam properties, leading to notable changes in interference patterns.

en: The PSI Data Catalog is the central repository directory for scientific metadata generated at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Powered by SciCat—a community-driven, open-source metadata management framework co-developed by PSI—the catalog provides discoverability and standardized access pathways to petabyte-scale datasets produced across PSI’s large-scale research facilities, including the Swiss Light Source (SLS), the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ), and the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser.

en: Beam Divergence and Interference Characteristics of Field Emission Beam


en: Acoustic tweezers comprising a surface acoustic wave chip and a disposable silicon microfluidic chip are potentially advantageous to stable and cost-effective acoustofluidic experiments while avoiding the cross-contamination by reusing the surface acoustic wave chip and disposing of the microfluidic chip. For such a device, it is important to optimize the chip-to-chip bonding and the size and shape of the microfluidic chip to enhance the available acoustic pressure. In this work, aiming at studying samples with the size of a few tens of microns, we explore the device structure and assembly method of acoustic tweezers. By using a polymer bonding layer and shaping the silicon microfluidic chip via deep reactive ion etching, we were able to attain the acoustic pressure up to 2 MPa with a corresponding acoustic radiation pressure of 0.2 kPa for 50 MHz ultrasound, comparable to reported values at lower ultrasound frequencies. We utilized the fabricated acoustic tweezers for non-contact viscoelastic deformation experiments of soft matter and  trapping of highly motile cells. These results suggests that the feasibility of the hybrid chip approach to attaining the high acoustic force required to conduct acoustomechanical testing of small soft matters and cells.

en: Dataset for Surface-acoustic-wave driven silicon microfluidic chips for acoustic tweezing of motile cells and viscoelastic microbeads


en:
The experimental realisation of unconventional superconductivity and charge order
in kagome systems AV3Sb5 is of critical importance. This work presents the most
systematic study to date, employing tuning parameters such as doping, hydrostatic
pressure, magnetic fields, and depth, using muon spin rotation, AC susceptibility, and
STM, to uncover tunable exotic magnetism in the normal state of Cs(V1−xNbx)3Sb5
with x=0.07 (Nb0.07-CVS), which transitions to a chiral superconducting state under
pressure. Our findings reveal that the bulk of Nb0.07-CVS (at depths >20 nm from the
surface) experiences time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking below T ∗ = 40 K, lower
than the charge order onset temperature, TCO = 58 K. However, near the surface (<20
nm), the TRS breaking signal doubles and onsets at TCO, indicating that Nb-doping
decouples TRS breaking from charge order in the bulk but synchronises them near
the surface. Additionally, Nb-doping raises the superconducting critical temperature
TC from 2.5 K to 4.4 K. Applying hydrostatic pressure enhances both TC and the
superfluid density by a factor of two, with a critical pressure pcr ≃ 0.85 GPa, suggesting
competition with charge order. Notably, above pcr, we observe nodeless electron pairing
and weak internal fields below TC, pointing to chiral superconducting pairing. Overall,
these results demonstrate a highly unconventional normal state with a tunable onset of
TRS breaking, and a transition to chiral superconductivity under low pressures, with
an unconventional correlation between TC and the superfluid density.

en: PSI Data Catalog

en: Pressure induced transition from chiral charge order to time-reversal symmetry-breaking superconducting state in Nb-doped CsV3Sb5 - LEM data


en: The experimental realisation of unconventional superconductivity and charge order in kagome systems AV3Sb5 is of critical importance. This work presents the most systematic study to date, employing tuning parameters such as doping, hydrostatic pressure, magnetic fields, and depth, using muon spin rotation, AC susceptibility, and STM, to uncover tunable exotic magnetism in the normal state of Cs(V1−xNbx)3Sb5 with x=0.07 (Nb0.07-CVS), which transitions to a chiral superconducting state under pressure. Our findings reveal that the bulk of Nb0.07-CVS (at depths >20 nm from the surface) experiences time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking below T ∗ = 40 K, lower than the charge order onset temperature, TCO = 58 K. However, near the surface (<20 nm), the TRS breaking signal doubles and onsets at TCO, indicating that Nb-doping decouples TRS breaking from charge order in the bulk but synchronises them near the surface. Additionally, Nb-doping raises the superconducting critical temperature TC from 2.5 K to 4.4 K. Applying hydrostatic pressure enhances both TC and the superfluid density by a factor of two, with a critical pressure pcr ≃ 0.85 GPa, suggesting competition with charge order. Notably, above pcr, we observe nodeless electron pairing and weak internal fields below TC, pointing to chiral superconducting pairing. Overall, these results demonstrate a highly unconventional normal state with a tunable onset of TRS breaking, and a transition to chiral superconductivity under low pressures, with an unconventional correlation between TC and the superfluid density.

en: Pressure induced transition from chiral charge order to time-reversal symmetry-breaking superconducting state in Nb-doped CsV3Sb5 - GPS data

gps

display_name: gps

smus

display_name: smus


en: Resonant X-ray diffraction (RXD) provides a unique capability to investigate electronic ordered states in matter. The circular dichroism in RXD can determine the absolute chirality formed by anisotropic multipole arrangement. Here, we demonstrate that the scattering interference between distinct atomic electric multipoles can create circular contrast in resonant RXD even in a non-chiral crystal. These general considerations are applied to 1T-TiSe2, where recently reported circular dichroism in RXD was used to claim chiral charge density wave order. We show that the experimental observations are well reproduced by our ab initio calculations on the basis of the centrosymmetric crystal structure. Our results not only illuminate a way for a better understanding of possible chiral electronic order but also propose a general approach to extract buried high-order atomic multipoles via circular contrast in RXD. Besides, we discuss the difference in the circular dichroism of RXD originated by crystal chirality in chiral crystals and the interference effect in non-chiral crystals.

en: Non-chiral 1T-TiSe2 creates circular dichroism in resonant X-ray diffraction via multipole scattering interference


en: In the corresponding article to these data sets, we explore the flow dynamics for two-phase flow in a porous medium (a bioclastic carbonate rock). We use state-of-the-art synchrotron X-ray tomography to capture the fluid dynamics within the pore space, with a temporal resolution of 1 s. The rock sample was initially saturated with brine (DI water doped with 15%wt. KI) before brine and nitrogen gas were injected simultaneously. As the gas establishes a path through the pore space, the flow dynamics are transient. Eventually, an equilibrium is established, where the gas saturation oscillates about a constant mean value; this is referred to as steady state. There are 9 data sets, with all the dynamics captured during steady state. We explore 3 total flow rates (brine flow rate + nitrogen flow rate): 0.1ml/min, 0.4ml/min, 0.7ml/min. With 3 fractional flows (brine flow rate / total flow rate) explored for each total flow rate: 0.85, 0.7 and 0.5. The images were captured with a voxel size of 2.75 µm3. In these data sets we observe the development of intermittent flow pathways, and the stability of these pathways when perturbed by a change in the flow rate .

en: Dynamic fluid interface rearrangement during steady-state multiphase flow in rocks

envi

en: Environment


en: This dataset contains tomographic data (grayscale and segmented) of the commercial Fumasep bipolar membrane assembled in a CO2-electrolyzer. One sample is a fully functional cell, while the other does not contain catalyst layers to avoid metal artifacts. The samples were imaged in dry and water saturated state.

en: Laboratory source X-ray tomographic microscopy of bipolar membrane swelling in an assembled CO2-electrolyzer


cd-rixs-data-on-cuo

en: Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) has become a prominent technique to study quasiparticle excitations. With advances in polarization analysis capabilities at different facilities, RIXS offers exceptional potential for investigating symmetry-broken quasiparticles like chiral phonons and magnons. At optical wavelengths birefringence can severely affect polarization states in low-symmetry systems. Here we show its importance for soft x-ray resonances. Given the growing interest in Circular Dichroism (CD) in RIXS, it is important to evaluate how birefringence may affect the RIXS spectra of anisotropic systems. We investigate CuO, a well-known anisotropic material, using Cu L3-edge RIXS and detect significant CD in both magnetic and orbital excitations in the collinear antiferromagnetic phase. We demonstrate that the CD can be modeled by a proper treatment of RIXS scattering amplitudes derived from single-ion calculations with birefringence. Recognizing these effects is crucial for unambiguous identification of subtle dichroic effects induced by symmetry-broken quasiparticles. Furthermore, the combined sensitivity of RIXS and birefringence to local symmetry presents an opportunity to study microscopic changes driven by external perturbations.

en: CD RIXS data on CuO

title_for_slug: cd-rixs-data-on-cuo


en:
Background: The Thiel embalming method offers lifelike tissue preservation, yet its suitability for biomechanical studies remains debated.
Methods: Here, we investigated two human temporal bones, one Thiel-fixed and one fresh-frozen, using dynamic synchrotron-based X-ray imaging under acoustic stimulation.

en: The PSI Data Catalog is the central repository directory for scientific metadata generated at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Powered by SciCat—a community-driven, open-source metadata management framework co-developed by PSI—the catalog provides discoverability and standardized access pathways to petabyte-scale datasets produced across PSI’s large-scale research facilities, including the Swiss Light Source (SLS), the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ), and the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser.

en: Comparison of Thiel-fixed and fresh-frozen temporal bones with dynamic synchrotron-based X-ray imaging


en: Chirality is a fundamental symmetry element existing at disparate scales and in many categories of scientific fields. Even though symmetry breaking is an indispensable concept for describing qualitatively distinct phenomena, symmetry cannot quantitatively predict measurable quantities. Since chirality is ternary, i.e., left-handed, right-handed, or achiral, the role of its “amplitude” in material properties is habitually not addressed. Considering the role of “amplitude” for time-reversal symmetry breaking, which can be described by magnetization, chirality amplitude is intuitively a key quantity for controlling emergent phenomena. Here, we propose two types of chiral order parameters and demonstrate the tunability of their amplitude at ultrafast timescales. Resonant X-ray diffraction with circular polarization is an established technique to measure crystal chirality directly. Extending this technique to the time domain, we quantify the ultrafast change in chirality amplitude in real time after an optical excitation. Besides, using a THz excitation, we observe oscillations in the resonant diffraction intensities with specific phonon frequencies. This indicates the creation of additional asymmetry, which could also be described as an enhancement in chirality amplitude. Our proposed concept of chirality amplitude and its ultrafast control may lead to a unique approach to control chirality-induced emergent phenomena at ultrafast timescales.

en: Tuning chirality amplitude at ultrafast timescales


en: The purpose of this experiment was to measure a brain specimen by nf-PXCT, with the aim to measure it afterwards at the ID16A beamline of the ESRF.

en: PSI Data Catalog

en: Raw datasets corresponding to the near-field ptychographic X-ray computed tomography acquisition of a resin-embedded, heavy-metal stained brain speciamen of about 100 micron diameter


en: Near-field PXCT dataset of a resin-embedded, heavy meatal stained brain specimen of about 100 micron diameter. The same sample was measured afterwards at the ID16A beamline of he ESRF


en: Van der Waals (vdW) materials exhibit a variety of states that can be switched with low power at low temperatures, offering a viable cryogenic "flash memory" required for the classical control electronics for solid-state quantum information processing. In 1T-TaS2, a non-volatile metallic 'hidden' state can be induced from an insulating equilibrium charge-density wave ground state using either optical or electrical pulses. Given that conventional memristors form localized, filamentary channels which support the current, a key question for design concerns the geometry of the conduction region in highly energy-efficient 1T-TaS2 devices. Here, we report in operando micro-beam X-ray diffraction, fluorescence, and concurrent transport measurements, allowing us to spatially image the non-thermal hidden state induced by electrical switching of 1T-TaS2. Our results reveal a long-range ordered, non-filamentary switched state that extends well below the electrodes, implying that the self-organized, collective growth of the hidden phase is driven by a combination of charge flow and lattice strain. Our unique combination of techniques showcases the potential of non-destructive, three-dimensional X-ray imaging to study bulk switching properties in microscopic detail, namely electrical control of the vdW layer stacking.

en: Imaging of electrically controlled van der Waals layer stacking in 1T-TaS2


en:
n this work, we introduce the first single-photon-counting hybrid pixel detec-27
tor capable of detecting X-ray energies as low as 550 eV, utilizing the internal28
amplification of Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) sensors. This detector is29
thoroughly characterized in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Detective Quan-30
tum Efficiency. We demonstrate its capabilities through ptychographic imaging31
at MAX IV 4th generation synchrotron light source at the Fe L3-edge (707 eV),32
showcasing the enhanced detection performance of the system. This development33
sets a new benchmark for soft X-ray applications at synchrotrons, paving the way34
for significant advancements in imaging and analysis at lower photon energies.

en: Single-photon counting pixel detector for soft X-rays - raw data


en:
X-ray tomographic microscopy of structural damages in a forward-bias bipolar membrane CO2-electrolyzer
TO BE EXTENDED

envi

en: Environment


en: Recently, we have fabricated heterostructures formed by a ferromagnetic topological insulator Cr-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3 (CBST) and a non-superconducting antiferromagnet FeTe. Combining electrical transport and ARPES measurements, we demonstrate the coexistence of emergent superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and topological order in these heterostructures; these three essential ingredients make this an ideal candidate to host chiral topological superconductivity. We propose performing low-energy muSR measurements to study the nature of this interface-induced superconducting state, and to determine whether the superconductivity and magnetic order coexist in the same region.

en: Coexistence of Superconductivity and Magnetic Order in Magnetic Topological Insulator Heterostructures


en: We have quantified the complex motion patterns of the human tympanic membrane during acoustic stimulation using dynamic synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography combined with non-rigid registration. Here, we present the datasets used in this study, which were measured at the TOMCAT Beamline X02DA of the Swiss Light Source (Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland). Three fresh-frozen samples were acoustically stimulated with frequencies ranging from 128 to 512 Hz and sound pressure level ranging from 120 to 151 dB. The datasets, which have 2.75 um pixel size, were reconstructed across 10 phases of motion. The non-rigid registration results, namely spatial transformations from one reference phase to all subsequent phases of motion, are also provided. The complex motion patterns showed displacement 'hot spots' in the posterosuperior quadrant of the tympanic membrane and the pars flaccida for all three specimens, though variation in displacement amplitudes strongly varied between specimens, ranging from <0.15 to nearly 2 um/Pa.

en: Dynamic synchrotron-based microtomography of human tympanic membrane motions


en: Raw data from dataset C319_EPL1_cSAXS_273_S01394-S02309, obtained at the cSAXS beamline at the Swiss Light Source during beamtime 20190654 (e17964).

en: The PSI Data Catalog is the central repository directory for scientific metadata generated at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Powered by SciCat—a community-driven, open-source metadata management framework co-developed by PSI—the catalog provides discoverability and standardized access pathways to petabyte-scale datasets produced across PSI’s large-scale research facilities, including the Swiss Light Source (SLS), the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ), and the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser.

en: Non-destructive X-ray tomography of brain tissue ultrastructure. Supporting raw data. Dataset C319_EPL1_cSAXS_273_S01394-S02309.


en: Raw data from dataset Y357_3dot_cSAXS_853_S14468-S15686, obtained at the cSAXS beamline at the Swiss Light Source during beamtime 20211852 (e19533).

en: Non-destructive X-ray tomography of brain tissue ultrastructure. Supporting raw data. Dataset Y357_3dot_cSAXS_853_S14468-S15686.


en: X-ray photon correlation scattering measurements are undertaken on a thermally active artificial spin ice based on the square lattice, referred to as artificial square ice, to probe the fluctuation timescales as a function of temperature as the system passes through the paramagnetic- antiferromagnetic phase transition, which belongs to the two-dimensional Ising universality class.

en: csx 23-id-1 coherent-soft-x-ray-scattering detector-frames x-ray-photon-correlation-spectroscopy synchrotron nsls-ii

en: PSI Data Catalog

en: Stretched exponential magnetic relaxation dynamics in artificial square ice revealed through x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy

coherent-soft-x-ray-scattering

display_name: coherent-soft-x-ray-scattering

csx

display_name: csx

detector-frames

display_name: detector-frames

nsls-ii

display_name: nsls-ii

synchrotron

display_name: synchrotron

x-ray-photon-correlation-spectroscopy

display_name: x-ray-photon-correlation-spectroscopy


en: High-temperature and high-magnetic-field-induced re-entrant superconductivity has been discovered in the infinite-layer nickelate Sm1−x−yEuxCayNiO2 (SECNO). Infinite-layer nickelates are the closest known analogues of high-Tc cuprate superconductors, yet they host distinct magnetic ground states. Using low-energy muon spin relaxation and polarized neutron reflectometry, we reveal the magnetic order in SECNO. We find that magnetic freezing occurs at a higher-temperature than in other nickelate compounds, and that a substantial net magnetization of 55 kA m−1 ±10 kA m−1 emerges and remains largely unchanged across the superconducting transition. The magnetism in SECNO is disordered and nonuniform.

en: Net Magnetization and Inhomogeneous Magnetic Order in a High-Tc Nickelate Superconductor


en: CT data (few raw slice time series, segmented dry and 1Hz operando cathode water) used Mularczyk, A., et al. (2021). 'Operando Liquid Pressure Determination in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells.' ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13(29): 34003-34011. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c04560

en: Tomographic data set of 1Hz 4D imaging of water percolation and percolation path instability in Toray TGP-H-060 gas diffusion layer