snow-drift-station-flowcapt

en: The FlowCapt is an ultra-robust instrument measuring solid particle acoustic mass - flux intensities (g m&8254; &178; s&8254; &185;) and wind speeds (m s&8254; &185;). It was deployed at Gotschnagrat (LON: 46.859 LAT: 9.849). The vertical tube with a length of 1 m monitors snowdrift and snow-blowing; and is mounted at a height between 0.1 an 1.1 m above snow surface. The time within each data set is given in UTC+1.

en: Snow Drift Station - Flowcapt

en: acoustic-mass-flux snow-blowing snowdrift raclets flowcapt wind-speed

title_for_slug: snow-drift-station-flowcapt

en:
Resource Title: minimum mass flux
    Size: 69211 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dad6d388-e76d-4f27-8b1e-0028aa9f3d23/resource/286c7415-907c-4f97-a9e2-6b9659f023dc/download/flowcapt_massflux_min.xlsx
    Description: The data file contains the minimum mass flux of 10 minute intervalls. The duration of one cycle was 1 min and contained 6s observations and 54 s stand-by. The time is given in UTC+1.

en:
Resource Title: avergaged mass flux
    Size: 71943 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dad6d388-e76d-4f27-8b1e-0028aa9f3d23/resource/923d9c5c-7bbd-4e31-8ff8-11feb1e86498/download/flowcapt_massflux_avg.xlsx
    Description: Average mass flux of 10 min measurement interval. The Cycle duration is 1 min which includes 6 s observation and 54 s stand-by. The time is given in UTC+1.

en:
Resource Title: maximum wind speed
    Size: 74090 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dad6d388-e76d-4f27-8b1e-0028aa9f3d23/resource/d8324ec0-7d85-49e1-8978-ea460ca92386/download/flowcapt_windspeed_max.xlsx
    Description: The data file contains the maximum wind speed in 10 minute intervalls. The duration of one cycle was 1 min and contained 6 s observations and 54 s stand-by. The time is given in UTC+1.

en:
Resource Title: average wind speed
    Size: 73245 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dad6d388-e76d-4f27-8b1e-0028aa9f3d23/resource/41378f42-ff53-4961-aa5e-58aa7a9ef771/download/flowcapt_windspeed_avg.xlsx
    Description: The data file contains the average wind speed in 10 minute intervalls. The duration of one cycle was 1 min and contained 6s observations and 54 s stand-by. The time is given in UTC+1.

en:
Resource Title: maximum mass flux
    Size: 73039 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dad6d388-e76d-4f27-8b1e-0028aa9f3d23/resource/760227b7-3ef2-4164-bae3-bc59652d28e8/download/flowcapt_massflux_max.xlsx
    Description: The data file contains the maximum mass flux of 10 minute intervalls. The duration of one cycle was 1 min and contained 6s observations and 54 s stand-by. The time is given in UTC+1.

en:
Resource Title: minimum wind spees
    Size: 68651 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dad6d388-e76d-4f27-8b1e-0028aa9f3d23/resource/89e6e1e3-ceea-473f-bb4d-0735df53bf90/download/flowcapt_windspeed_min.xlsx
    Description: The data file contains the minimum wind speed in 10 minute intervalls. The duration of one cycle was 1 min and contained 6s observations and 54 s stand-by. The time is given in UTC+1.

acoustic-mass-flux

display_name: acoustic-mass-flux

flowcapt

display_name: flowcapt

raclets

display_name: raclets

snow-blowing

display_name: snow-blowing

snowdrift

display_name: snowdrift

wind-speed

display_name: wind-speed


$oid: OBSOLETE

en:
The repository contains the source code necessary to reproduce Figs. 2-5 of the publication: L. Mewes, H. Löwe, M. Schneebeli & B. Walter, *Optical determination of snow density via sub-surface scattering*, Commun Phys, doi: [10.1038/s42005-026-02490-1](https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-026-02490-1).
The data for Fig. 5 of the above mentioned publication is available at [10.16904/envidat.724](https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.724).
Please refer to the `README` in this repository for additional information.
- **License:** The scripts in this repository are licensed under the MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for the full text.
 Files
`generate_figures.py`: Main script to generate the figures of the publication.
`snow_optics.py`: Core radiative-transfer functions.
`snow_image.py`: Utilities for loading and processing SnowImager ([www.snowimager.ch](https://www.snowimager.ch)) HDF5 data.
`helper.py`: Miscellaneous helper functions.
`lambertw.py`: Lambert W function implementation (John Burkardt, 2023, MIT license, -https://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/py_src/lambert_w/lambert_w.py-).
 Third party resources
- Refractive indices of ice are taken from 'Warren, S. G., and R. E. Brandt (2008), Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave: A revised compilation, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14220, doi:[10.1029/2007JD009744](https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009744).' available at: https://refractiveindex.info/database/data/main/H2O/nk/Warren-2008.yml
- The Lambert *W* function is implemented using the code of John Burkardt, modified 20 June 2023 and distributed under the MIT license (-https://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/py_src/lambert_w/lambert_w.py-).
- The source code in this repository is part of a larger project for post-processing [SnowImager](https://www.snowimager.ch) data hosted at [https://code.wsl.ch/snow-physics/snowimagerpro](https://code.wsl.ch/snow-physics/snowimagerpro).

en: Source code for the publication Optical determination of snow density via sub-surface scattering

en: snow-profile laboratory-study snow-stratigraphy reflection snow-density snowimager snow-microstructure

envidat

approval_status: approved

fr: EnviDat est le portail de données du WSL; il offre un accès uniformisé et réglementé aux données de surveillance et de recherche en matière d’environnement. Ce portail est capable d’héberger et de publier des ensembles de données précieuses et uniques, qui sont partagées aux quatre coins de la planète. Ce faisant, EnviDat favorise la recherche et contribue à l’avancement des sciences environnementales.

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

de: EnviDat ist das Datenportal der WSL für einen einheitlichen und verwalteten Zugang zu Umweltdaten aus Monitoring- und Forschungsprojekten. Auf dem Portal können Datensätze gehostet und veröffentlicht werden. Durch die weltweite Bereitstellung einzigartiger und wertvoller Datensätze leistet EnviDat einen Beitrag zur Forschung im Bereich der Umweltwissenschaften.

it: EnviDat è il portale dati del WSL che fornisce un accesso unificato e gestito ai dati di monitoraggio ambientale e di ricerca. Il portale ha la capacità di ospitare e pubblicare serie di dati preziosi e unici che vengono condivisi in tutto il mondo. Così facendo, EnviDat promuove la ricerca e contribuisce al progresso della scienza ambientale.

de: EnviDat: das Umwelt-Datenportal

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

fr: EnviDat: le portail de données environnementales

it: EnviDat: il portale dei dati ambientali

political_level: other

state: active

type: organization

wsl

capacity: public

de: EnviDat

type: dataset

key: guid

key: uri

value: Envidat Harvester

envi

de: Umwelt

en: Environment

fr: Environnement

it: Ambiente

en:
Resource Title: Source code
    Size: 22825 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/5ef9984d-7fd8-4b95-87c4-f479b2e5ac13/resource/9af1ca7b-8780-46ec-abbc-e4b6890eead6/download/src.zip
    Description: Source code to generate the figures for Mewes et al., Commun Phys, 2026.

The scripts in this repository are licensed under the MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for the full text.

format: ZIP

media_type: application/zip

en:
Resource Title: README.md
    Size: 5181 bytes
    Format: text/markdown
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/5ef9984d-7fd8-4b95-87c4-f479b2e5ac13/resource/97d46f1d-9321-4b1a-9a72-d79978da633f/download/readme.md
    Description: Instructions to generate figures for Mewes et al., Commun Phys, 2026.

format: markdown

laboratory-study

display_name: laboratory-study

reflection

display_name: reflection

snow-density

display_name: snow-density

snow-microstructure

display_name: snow-microstructure

snow-profile

display_name: snow-profile

snow-stratigraphy

display_name: snow-stratigraphy

snowimager

display_name: snowimager


en:
This repository contains data related to an interdisciplinary study on playgrounds, looking at both playground vegetation and the well-being of pre-school children using those playgrounds. This project was funded by and initiated at the Institute for Landscape Planning and Ecology (ILPÖ) of the University of Stuttgart, Germany. Data was collected by ILPÖ. The project was finalised in collaboration with the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL). The aim of the study was to (1) describe playground vegetation (species richness and diversity at the ground, shrub and tree layers; habitat structure); (2) describe preschool children’s well-being and nature-connectedness; and (3) investigate whether there is a relationship between plant diversity and well-being while exploring potential other predictors of well-being, including children’s and parents’ or carer’s nature-connectedness, greenspace exposure, seasonality, and socio-demographic background.
We sampled ground (-1m height), shrub (1-2m height) and tree (-2m hieght) vegetation of 29 playgrounds of Stuttgart's inner city. Sampling took place between May 25 and July 01, 2021. Ground layer vegetation was sampled in ten one-by-one m2 quadrats per playground, within which we recorded the cover of each species based on the Braun-Blanquet scale. Woody vegetation was exhaustively sampled within the playgrounds and in a surrounding two meters buffer, recording each individual plant. Vegetation cover was visually estimated as a percentage for each vegetation layer, namely the ground, shrub and tree (canopy) layers.
In parallel, we distributed questionnaires to parents and carers to assess the well-being and connectedness-to-nature of preschool children (aged 6 or younger) across the seasons. The questionnaire covered children's (1) use of greenspaces, (2) nature-connectedness, (3) well-being, and (4) socio-demographic variables. Questionnaires were distributed accross all seasons: sampling seasons included autumn (Oct-Nov 2021), winter (Jan-Feb 2022), spring (April-May 2022) and summer (June-July 2022). Ethical approval was granted by the University of Stuttgart Commission on Responsibility in Research (Az. 21-033).

en: Playground biodiversity and preschool children well-being

en: green-spaces urban seasons well-being biodiversity

en:
Resource Title: Spielplatz Fragebogen_Französisch.pdf
    Size: 353495 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/517c3b45-c944-41fd-8f3e-bc37ec321e88/resource/872f9d84-d7a4-498d-9f3e-5851bd9bddfd/download/spielplatz-fragebogen_franzosisch.pdf
    Description: This document includes the French version of the questionnaire administered to carers of pre-school children.

format: PDF

media_type: application/pdf

en:
Resource Title: Spielplatz Fragebogen_Ukrainian.pdf
    Size: 1015736 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/517c3b45-c944-41fd-8f3e-bc37ec321e88/resource/1ae17430-7011-40f1-87d5-48f642e997ea/download/spielplatz-fragebogen_ukrainian.pdf
    Description: This document includes the Ukrainian version of the questionnaire administered to carers of pre-school children.

en:
Resource Title: Spielplatz Fragebogen_Deutsch.pdf
    Size: 364554 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/517c3b45-c944-41fd-8f3e-bc37ec321e88/resource/deca6461-d9a1-4cf4-8739-480e13432408/download/spielplatz-fragebogen_deutsch.pdf
    Description: This document includes the German version of the questionnaire administered to carers of pre-school children.

en:
Resource Title: Spielplatz Fragebogen_Spanisch.pdf
    Size: 345221 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/517c3b45-c944-41fd-8f3e-bc37ec321e88/resource/c57948ab-c230-45c0-a9b2-b60eb3460cfd/download/spielplatz-fragebogen_spanisch.pdf
    Description: This document includes the Spanish of the questionnaire administered to carers of pre-school children.

en:
Resource Title: Spielplatz Fragebogen_Arabisch.pdf
    Size: 397855 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/517c3b45-c944-41fd-8f3e-bc37ec321e88/resource/56c767f8-0b3d-45c3-9209-2bce6dac682f/download/spielplatz-fragebogen_arabisch.pdf
    Description: This document includes the Arabic version of the questionnaire administered to carers of pre-school children.

en:
Resource Title: Spielplatz Fragebogen_Russisch.pdf
    Size: 357530 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/517c3b45-c944-41fd-8f3e-bc37ec321e88/resource/53481be4-b668-48c6-98df-c58961caf97b/download/spielplatz-fragebogen_russisch.pdf
    Description: This document includes the Russian version of the questionnaire administered to carers of pre-school children.

en:
Resource Title: Plant and playground data.xlsx
    Size: 97321 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/517c3b45-c944-41fd-8f3e-bc37ec321e88/resource/eb12671e-2a17-4acf-b181-a68e40fd1fe5/download/plant-and-playground-data.xlsx
    Description: This file contains the playground and plant diversity data for the manuscript "Playground tree diversity: a driver of well-being in preschool children".
The file is separated in five tabs containing:
(1) the overview of the playgrounds,
(2) the overview of all plant species, with their life-history traits and the diversity indexes per layer,
(3) the tree (canoy) layer abundance of each plant species, measured exhaustively in each playground,
(4) the shrub layer abundance of each plant species, measured exhaustively in each playground, and
(5) the ground layer abundance of each plant species, estimated with the Braun-Blanquet scale in 10 quadrats per playground.

format: XLS

en:
Resource Title: Spielplatz Fragebogen_Englisch.pdf
    Size: 340244 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/517c3b45-c944-41fd-8f3e-bc37ec321e88/resource/b87bc6b7-9aaa-4c86-adfc-52dcf47bcfb4/download/spielplatz-fragebogen_englisch.pdf
    Description: This document includes the English version of the questionnaire administered to carers of pre-school children. This was the original questionnaire, later translated in the 10 most spoken languages in Baden-Württemberg (DE).

en:
Resource Title: Spielplatz Fragebogen_Polnisch.pdf
    Size: 361073 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/517c3b45-c944-41fd-8f3e-bc37ec321e88/resource/024bbf41-00b5-4c84-ba75-28e136050d41/download/spielplatz-fragebogen_polnisch.pdf
    Description: This document includes the Polish version of the questionnaire administered to carers of pre-school children.

en:
Resource Title: Spielplatz Fragebogen_Türkisch.pdf
    Size: 346481 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/517c3b45-c944-41fd-8f3e-bc37ec321e88/resource/f49040c1-0140-4b98-8b3a-b8b6be4fd565/download/spielplatz-fragebogen_turkisch.pdf
    Description: This document includes the Turkish version of the questionnaire administered to carers of pre-school children.

en:
Resource Title: Well-being.xlsx
    Size: 184576 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/517c3b45-c944-41fd-8f3e-bc37ec321e88/resource/8b624832-b01e-4728-95cc-22644320da26/download/well-being.xlsx
    Description: This file contains the anonymised well-being and nature-connectedness data for the manuscript "Playground tree diversity: a driver of well-being in preschool children".

en:
Resource Title: Spielplatz Fragebogen_Rumänisch.pdf
    Size: 349716 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/517c3b45-c944-41fd-8f3e-bc37ec321e88/resource/0ac43c39-4a0d-40c2-a544-e2a4e6109213/download/spielplatz-fragebogen_rumanisch.pdf
    Description: This document includes the Romanian version of the questionnaire administered to carers of pre-school children.

en:
Resource Title: Spielplatz Fragebogen_Italienisch.pdf
    Size: 322529 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/517c3b45-c944-41fd-8f3e-bc37ec321e88/resource/6971a33d-2b7d-40d4-8d99-d583aed944d2/download/spielplatz-fragebogen_italienisch.pdf
    Description: This document includes the Italian version of the questionnaire administered to carers of pre-school children.

biodiversity

display_name: biodiversity

green-spaces

display_name: green-spaces

seasons

display_name: seasons

urban

display_name: urban

well-being

display_name: well-being


en:
**Schweizweite Hinweiskarten des lichtbedingten Verjüngungspotentials (Stand LFI VHM 2024)**
This is a dataset for Swiss forestry, for a description in English please see below.
Il s'agit d'un ensemble de données relatives à la sylviculture suisse. Pour une description en français, voir ci-dessous.
Si tratta di una serie di dati relativi alla silvicoltura svizzera. Per una descrizione in francese, vedere sotto.
Die Karte zeigt, wo die Lichtbedingungen für genügend Höhenzuwachs der Verjüngung (-= 300 cm) der jeweiligen Baumartengruppe ausreichen. Die Karte basiert auf gutachtlich erhobenen Feldaufnahmen in 39 Forstrevieren, verteilt über die ganze Schweiz und verschiedene Höhenlagen, sowie auf dem Kronenöffnungsgrad, der aus LiDAR Daten abgeleitet wurde. Die berücksichtigten Baumarten wurden anhand ihrer Lichtansprüche in die unten aufgeführten Klassen eingeteilt. Indikativ kann die Karte auch für andere Baumarten der jeweiligen Klasse verwendet werden:
- Lärche, Birke, Stiel- und Traubeneiche, Waldföhre und Kirschbaum: Lichtbaumarten (Klasse 1)
- Berg- und Spitzahorn: Halblichtbaumarten (Klasse 2)
- Fichte, Sommer- und Winterlinde: Halbschattenbaumarten (Klasse 3):
- Buche und Tanne: Schattenbaumarten (Klasse 4)
- Zu dunkel für das Aufwachsen sämtlicher Baumarten (Klasse 5)
Zweck: Die Karte zeigt, ob die lokal vorhandenen Lichtverhältnisse ausreichen, damit Jungbäume ohne zusätzlichen Eingriff vital ins Stangenholz aufwachsen können, und macht damit potenziell nötige waldbauliche Massnahmen frühzeitig erkennbar.
Hinweise zur Verwendung: Unterstützung von Försterinnen und Waldbewirtschaftern bei der Planung von Verjüngungseingriffen, der Jungwaldpflege, der Baumartenwahl und beim zeitlichen und räumlichen Monitoring, da die Karte bei neuen LiDAR-Befliegungen regelmässig aktualisiert wird.
Bemerkungen: Das Verjüngungspotential wurde ausschliesslich aufgrund des Kronenöffnungsgrads berechnet, der die Abschattung durch die umliegenden Baumkronen und dem Gelände berücksichtigt. Die direkte Sonneneinstrahlung wurde bisher nicht berücksichtigt, da damit statistisch weniger gute Ergebnisse erreicht werden. Somit kann auch die Hangexposition oder die Ausrichtung der Lücken bisher nicht berücksichtig werden. Ebenso können bisher keine Höhenstufen-spezifischen Unterteilungen erfolgen, da das verwendete nationale Modell in den statistischen Tests am besten abschneidet. In Beständen mit Bäumen und Sträuchern von ca. 3-7 Höhe werden die Lichtbedingungen in der Unterschicht überschätzt, d.h. die Karte zeigt in solchen Fällen ein zu hohes Verjüngungspotential. Die Karte wurde auf die Waldfläche gemäss LFI reduziert und Waldstrassen wurden so gut wie möglich ausmaskiert.
**Cartes nationales indiquant le potentiel de régénération lié à la lumière (état IFN VHM 2024)**
La carte montre les endroits où les conditions de luminosité sont suffisantes pour permettre une croissance en hauteur suffisante (-= 300 cm) de la régénération pour chaque groupe d'essences. La carte est basée sur des relevés effectués sur le terrain dans 39 districts forestiers répartis sur toute la Suisse et à différentes altitudes, ainsi que sur le degré d'ouverture de la canopée, dérivé des données LiDAR. Les essences prises en compte ont été classées dans les catégories ci-dessous en fonction de leurs besoins en lumière. La carte peut également être utilisée à titre indicatif pour d'autres essences de la catégorie correspondante :
Mélèze, bouleau, chêne pédonculé et chêne rouvre, pin sylvestre et cerisier : essences photophiles (classe 1)
Érable sycomore et érable plane : essences semi-photophiles (classe 2)
Épicéa, tilleul à petites feuilles et tilleul à grandes feuilles : essences semi-ombelibles (classe 3)
Hêtre et sapin : essences ombéliques (classe 4)
Trop sombre pour la croissance de toutes les essences (classe 5)
Objectif : la carte indique si les conditions de luminosité locales sont suffisantes pour que les jeunes arbres puissent atteindre le stade de perchis sans intervention supplémentaire et permet ainsi d'identifier à un stade précoce les mesures sylvicoles potentiellement nécessaires.
Conseils d'utilisation : aide les forestiers et les gestionnaires forestiers à planifier les mesures de rajeunissement, l'entretien des jeunes forêts, le choix des essences et le suivi temporel et spatial, car la carte est régulièrement mise à jour lors de nouveaux survols LiDAR.
Remarques : le potentiel de régénération a été calculé exclusivement sur la base du degré d'ouverture de la canopée, qui tient compte de l'ombrage causé par les cimes des arbres environnants et le terrain. L'ensoleillement direct n'a pas été pris en compte jusqu'à présent, car il donne des résultats statistiquement moins bons. De même, l'exposition des pentes ou l'orientation des clairières ne peuvent pas être prises en compte pour l'instant. De même, aucune subdivision spécifique à l'altitude ne peut être effectuée jusqu'à présent, car le modèle national utilisé obtient les meilleurs résultats dans les tests statistiques. Dans les peuplements composés d'arbres et d'arbustes d'une hauteur d'environ 3 à 7 mètres, les conditions d'ensoleillement dans la strate inférieure sont surestimées, c'est-à-dire que la carte indique dans ces cas un potentiel de régénération trop élevé. La carte a été réduite à la surface forestière selon l'IFN et les routes forestières ont été masquées autant que possible.
**Mappe indicative a livello nazionale del potenziale di ringiovanimento legato alla luce (stato LFI VHM 2024)**
La mappa mostra dove le condizioni di luce sono sufficienti per garantire un'adeguata crescita in altezza del rimboschimento (-= 300 cm) del rispettivo gruppo di specie arboree. La mappa si basa su rilevamenti sul campo effettuati da esperti in 39 distretti forestali distribuiti su tutto il territorio svizzero e a diverse altitudini, nonché sul grado di apertura della chioma ricavato dai dati LiDAR. Le specie arboree prese in considerazione sono state classificate in base alle loro esigenze di luce nelle classi elencate di seguito. La mappa può essere utilizzata in modo indicativo anche per altre specie arboree della rispettiva classe:
- Larice, betulla, farnia e faggio, pino silvestre e ciliegio: specie arboree che necessitano di luce (classe 1)
- Acero di montagna e acero riccio: specie arboree che necessitano di luce moderata (classe 2)
- Abete rosso, tiglio estivo e tiglio invernale: specie arboree di mezz'ombra (classe 3):
- Faggio e abete: specie arboree di ombra (classe 4)
- Troppo buio per la crescita di tutte le specie arboree (classe 5)
Scopo: la mappa mostra se le condizioni di luce locali sono sufficienti affinché i giovani alberi possano crescere vitalmente senza ulteriori interventi e rende così riconoscibili tempestivamente le misure selvicolturali potenzialmente necessarie.
Indicazioni per l'uso: supporto ai forestali e ai gestori forestali nella pianificazione degli interventi di ringiovanimento, nella cura dei boschi giovani, nella scelta delle specie arboree e nel monitoraggio temporale e spaziale, poiché la mappa viene aggiornata regolarmente con nuove rilevazioni LiDAR.
Osservazioni: il potenziale di rigenerazione è stato calcolato esclusivamente sulla base del grado di apertura della chioma, che tiene conto dell'ombreggiamento causato dalle chiome degli alberi circostanti e dal terreno. Finora non è stata presa in considerazione l'esposizione diretta al sole, poiché ciò comporta risultati statisticamente meno attendibili. Pertanto, non è stato possibile tenere conto dell'esposizione del pendio o dell'orientamento delle radure. Allo stesso modo, non è ancora possibile effettuare suddivisioni specifiche per altitudine, poiché il modello nazionale utilizzato ottiene i migliori risultati nei test statistici. Nei popolamenti con alberi e arbusti di circa 3-7 metri di altezza, le condizioni di luce nello strato inferiore sono sovrastimate, ovvero in questi casi la mappa mostra un potenziale di rigenerazione troppo elevato. La mappa è stata ridotta alla superficie forestale secondo l'IFN e le strade forestali sono state mascherate il più possibile.
**Switzerland-wide maps showing light-induced regeneration potential (as of NFI VHM 2024)**
The map shows where light conditions are sufficient for sufficient height growth of regeneration (-= 300 cm) for each tree species group. The map is based on expert field surveys in 39 forest districts spread across Switzerland and at various altitudes, as well as on the degree of canopy opening derived from LiDAR data. The tree species considered were divided into the classes listed below based on their light requirements. The map can also be used as a guide for other tree species in the respective class:
- Larch, birch, English oak, sessile oak, Scots pine, and cherry: light-demanding tree species (class 1)
- Sycamore maple and Norway maple: semi-light-demanding tree species (class 2)
- Spruce, small-leaved and large-leaved lime: semi-shade tree species (class 3):
- Beech and fir: shade tree species (class 4)
- Too dark for all tree species to grow (class 5)
Purpose: The map shows whether the local light conditions are sufficient for young trees to grow vigorously into pole wood without additional intervention, thus identifying potentially necessary silvicultural measures at an early stage.
Notes on use: Support for foresters and forest managers in planning regeneration measures, young forest maintenance, tree species selection, and temporal and spatial monitoring, as the map is regularly updated with new LiDAR flights.
Comments: The regeneration potential was calculated solely on the basis of the degree of canopy opening, which takes into account the shading caused by the surrounding tree crowns and the terrain. Direct sunlight has not been taken into account so far, as this leads to statistically less reliable results. This means that slope exposure or the orientation of gaps cannot be taken into account at this stage. Similarly, no altitude-specific subdivisions can be made at present, as the national model used performs best in statistical tests. In stands with trees and shrubs of approx. 3-7 m in height, the light conditions in the understorey are overestimated, i.e. in such cases the map shows an excessively high regeneration potential. The map has been reduced to the forest area according to the NFI, and forest roads have been masked out as much as possible.

en: Switzerland-wide maps of light-induced regeneration potential (as of NFI VHM 2024)

en: forest-management rejuvenation protection-forest light-availability lidar

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

envi

en: Environment

en:
Resource Title: Verjüngungspotential_LFI_2024.tif
    Size: 163577856 bytes
    Format: image/tiff
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/c9b1019d-78cf-49b5-b065-25d8e2dd2700/resource/2a3adf57-5d17-4c04-897b-13c2c94149b9/download/verjpot_ch_18122025.tif
    Description:

format: TIFF

media_type: image/tiff

en:
Resource Title: Verjüngungspotentialkarte_Kurzbeschrieb.pdf
    Size: 364954 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/c9b1019d-78cf-49b5-b065-25d8e2dd2700/resource/1f901079-7a5a-46a5-8246-a685d71e0c8f/download/verjungungspotentialkarte_kurzbeschrieb_17022026.pdf
    Description: Kurzbeschrieb inkl. Legende und Limitierungen

en:
Resource Title: LiDAR_Befliegungsjahre_VHM_LFI_2024.png
    Size: 201083 bytes
    Format: image/png
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/c9b1019d-78cf-49b5-b065-25d8e2dd2700/resource/75048199-3e98-4715-9d2e-8e27cb265b12/download/lidar_befliegungsjahre_18122025.png
    Description: Karte mit den Befliegungsjahren der LiDAR Daten, welche für die Berechnung des Verjüngungspotential verwendet wurden.

format: PNG

media_type: image/png

forest-management

display_name: forest-management

lidar

display_name: lidar

light-availability

display_name: light-availability

protection-forest

display_name: protection-forest

rejuvenation

display_name: rejuvenation


en:
This dataset contains the main atmospheric measurements and treatment information from the VPDrought experiment conducted at the Pfynwald research platform. It comprises three types of data files:
- Over-canopy meteorological data (*pfynwald_vpdrought_meteo_oc_1Minutes_year.txt*): In-situ measurements from the meteorological station located above the canopy. These measurements represent atmospheric conditions above the canopy and are not affected by the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) manipulation treatment. The data are provided at 1-minute resolution and include precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, VPD, global radiation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), wind speed, and wind direction.
- In-canopy meteorological data (*pfynwald_vpdrought_meteo_ic_1Minutes_year.txt*): Aggregated measurements from multiple measurement points within the canopy at 1-minute resolution. Depending on the parameter, measurements are either distinguished between ambient and VPD manipulated conditions or, for parameters unaffected by the VPD manipulation, provided as a single aggregated variable. The data include air temperature, relative humidity, VPD, wind speed, wind direction, and the operation status of the VPD reduction system.
- Irrigation data (*pfynwald_vpdrought_irrigation_1Day_year.txt*): Daily irrigation sums aggregated across the four irrigated sub-plots 2, 3, 6, and 7.

 Quality control and gap filling
All meteorological and treatment data were subjected to a combined automatic and visual quality-control (QC) procedure before gap filling. The procedure included parameter-specific hard-limit, temporal-consistency, consecutive-value, and spatial-consistency checks, followed by visual inspection of suspicious values and measurement periods. Implausible values were excluded.
After QC, the resulting time series were completely gap filled. The gap filling method was selected according to the characteristics of the individual parameter and the available reference data. Short gaps were filled by linear interpolation, whereas longer gaps were filled using parameter-specific approaches, including fitting external reference data or using valid observations from preceding and following days at the same time of day.
The resulting data classes are specified in the data files:
- _observed_ = directly measured value that passed the QC procedure
- _corrected_ = measured value to which a correction was applied
- _derived_ = value derived from multiple observations
- _estimated_ = value estimated to fill a missing or excluded observation
In the data files, the *quality_flag* indicates the quality and origin of each value, with 1 representing the highest quality and 3 the lowest. For values with a *quality_flag* -1, as well as for estimated or corrected values, a specific comment provides additional information on the method used to obtain the value and/or the reason for the reduced quality.
The resulting datasets provide continuous time series at their respective temporal resolutions while retaining information on the origin and quality of each value. Detailed descriptions of the parameter-specific processing and gap filling approaches are provided with the respective data files.
 Treatment and measurement conditions
- Irrigation and VPD reduction were generally limited to the period May to September.
- Irrigation added approximately 600 mm of water per year.
- The VPD reduction system was mostly operating during periods of high VPD, typically from late morning to the evening. During system operation, VPD was reduced by approximately 25%.
- During a few periods, treatments could not be applied (e.g., due to power cuts, lack of available water, or technical failures).
- In canopy measurements were conducted in the center of the tree crowns, exposed either to ambient atmospheric conditions or to the VPD reduced conditions. The measurements are representative of the VPD treatment effects, although some gradients in VPD reduction occurred within the VPD reduced canopies.

 For further information, see:
- Schaub, M., Hunziker, S., Gisler, J., Bortolami, G., Trotsiuk, V., Meusburger, K., Hug, C., Rigling, A., Gessler, A. & Grossiord, C. Disentangling atmospheric and soil drought: A new stand-level manipulation approach for mature forests. Manuscript under review at New Phytologist.

en: Pfynwald VPDrought experiment atmospheric parameters and manipulations

en: par relative-humidity air-temperature pfynwald wind-direction vpd meteorological-measurements pinus-sylvestris irrigation-manipulation precipitation wind-speed global-radiation vpdrought irrigation continuous-monitoring rhone-valley drought-experiment atmospheric-observations

en:
Resource Title: pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_ic_2024.zip
    Size: 19799175 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0/resource/c251e9b2-4dcd-453c-a164-fda0dce7ec7a/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_ic_2024.zip
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_irrigation_2025.zip
    Size: 22033 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0/resource/6b38bacf-0a45-4d3d-86af-b8af5dfe8bcd/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_irrigation_2025.zip
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_irrigation_2024.zip
    Size: 22129 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0/resource/667bd594-5d6b-4160-ad54-e2b40182333c/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_irrigation_2024.zip
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_oc_2024.zip
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    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0/resource/3d4822ac-4fe2-4c94-8904-6412eec60785/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_oc_2024.zip
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_oc_2025.zip
    Size: 17855577 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0/resource/c63037b7-d729-48eb-8f1e-b9a70bf38eee/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_oc_2025.zip
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_ic_2025.zip
    Size: 19967306 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0/resource/0f80143c-7ef7-43a1-a2d6-4b75c5453bf2/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_ic_2025.zip
    Description:

air-temperature

display_name: air-temperature

atmospheric-observations

display_name: atmospheric-observations

continuous-monitoring

display_name: continuous-monitoring

drought-experiment

display_name: drought-experiment

global-radiation

display_name: global-radiation

irrigation

display_name: irrigation

irrigation-manipulation

display_name: irrigation-manipulation

meteorological-measurements

display_name: meteorological-measurements

par

display_name: par

pfynwald

display_name: pfynwald

pinus-sylvestris

display_name: pinus-sylvestris

precipitation

display_name: precipitation

relative-humidity

display_name: relative-humidity

rhone-valley

display_name: rhone-valley

vpd

display_name: vpd

vpdrought

display_name: vpdrought

wind-direction

display_name: wind-direction

wind-speed

display_name: wind-speed


en:
High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Beatenberg in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural coniferous forest (BAB) with Norway spruce (_Picea abies_; 190-210 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, BAF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Beatenberg is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.

en: Beatenberg, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards

en: precipitation wind-speed temperature relative-humidity climate-change long-term meteo par meteorology swiss-forest-lab

en:
Resource Title: Data plot of the forest station (BAB)
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    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/29e5645c-8572-4fb3-ada6-d63fb0f4a1f2/resource/8c00d355-294d-4f2f-b4dc-07040fb26cf9/download/babplot.pdf
    Description: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

en:
Resource Title: Site aerial photo (Beatenberg)
    Size: 7606891 bytes
    Format: image/jpeg
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/29e5645c-8572-4fb3-ada6-d63fb0f4a1f2/resource/8bc02435-75c6-4d95-b9c0-cfc2d2bef9ca/download/bafront.jpg
    Description: Site aerial photo from both Beatenberg stations. Source: Google. 2016. Site aerial photo from both Beatenberg stations. Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https://www.google.ch/maps

format: jpeg

en:
Resource Title: Forest station data (BAB)
    Size: 10587165 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/29e5645c-8572-4fb3-ada6-d63fb0f4a1f2/resource/570f2184-ab50-4d27-95b3-719a232be310/download/babforest.csv
    Description: Data file.

format: CSV

media_type: text/csv

en:
Resource Title: Site photo of the forest station (BAB)
    Size: 4369495 bytes
    Format: image/jpeg
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/29e5645c-8572-4fb3-ada6-d63fb0f4a1f2/resource/a9319eac-4faa-4d52-b421-9f7bb84e28c8/download/bab.jpg
    Description: Site photo of the forest station from below (viewing upwards the slope).

en:
Resource Title: Data plot of the field station (BAF)
    Size: 344142 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/29e5645c-8572-4fb3-ada6-d63fb0f4a1f2/resource/b262014f-928c-4dde-8753-9a1114bca646/download/bafplot.pdf
    Description: Data overview for air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, PAR, wind speed.

en:
Resource Title: Site photo of the field station (BAF)
    Size: 572287 bytes
    Format: image/jpeg
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/29e5645c-8572-4fb3-ada6-d63fb0f4a1f2/resource/47eb2579-665a-4d7a-b12c-dd900596ce1a/download/baf.jpg
    Description: Site photo of the field station from below (viewing upwards the slope).

en:
Resource Title: Field station data (BAF)
    Size: 10526030 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/29e5645c-8572-4fb3-ada6-d63fb0f4a1f2/resource/49b0170b-e917-43ee-bdac-d34c0a84a1c4/download/baffield.csv
    Description: Data file.

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

long-term

display_name: long-term

meteo

display_name: meteo

meteorology

display_name: meteorology

swiss-forest-lab

display_name: swiss-forest-lab

temperature

display_name: temperature


en:
This dataset contains eddy-covariance measurements in the ablation period of 2014-2016. Measurements were taken from two turbulence towers over a long-lasting snow patch, which are 5 m apart from each other (2014 and 2015). The turbulence towers were equipped with two YOUNG ultrasonic anemometers mounted 0.7 m (in 2014) and 3.3 m (in 2015) above snow-free ground, two ultrasonic anemometers (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific, Inc.) mounted at 2.6 m (in 2014) and 2.2 m (in 2015) above snow-free ground and one anemometer (DA-600, Kaijo Denki) mounted at 0.3 m above snow surface.
The measurement setup changed in 2016 and includes a measurement above the snow-free ground in upwind direction (Swiss coordinates: 790191/176689). The measurement tower is equipped with one ultrasonic anemometer (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific, Inc.) in 3.3 m above the snow-free ground. Additionally, one measurement tower is installed above the long-Lasting snow patch and equipped with the same setup as 2015.
Turbulence data were sampled at a frequency of 20 Hz. The processing of the data to quality controlled fluxes has been done with the Biomicrometeorology flux software (Thomas et al., 2009). The program applies plausibility tests and a despiking test after Vickers and Mahrt (1997) on the measured data. The routine further applies a time-lag correction and considers the deployment (e.g.  the sonic azimuth). A frequency response correction (Moore, 1986) is done and a three-dimensional rotation is performed. Finally, quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) flags after Foken et al., (2004) are issued and fast Fourier transform power and co-spectra are calculated.  The change in snow height is considered in the post-processing for every measurement day. The turbulence data were averaged to 30 minute intervals.

en: DISCHMEX - Impact of extreme land-surface heterogeneity on micrometeorology over spring snow-cover

en: dischmex turbulent-sensible-heat-fluxes patchy-snow-covers snow-patch eddy-covariance-measurements

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

envi

en: Environment

en:
Resource Title: S1 2016
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    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/b5c85840-bf9f-4605-b4c7-9d05b00f2cdc/download/s1-2016.zip
    Description: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (R.M. Young Company) in 3.5 m.

en:
Resource Title: Gletschboden setup
    Size: 1723556 bytes
    Format: image/png
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/622ba326-7828-4f83-868c-94ad784c1841/download/gletschboden.png
    Description: Background map based on data © 2014/2016 swisstopo (JD100042)

en:
Resource Title: S5 2014
    Size: 212111 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/fb937402-fc94-4121-9d55-809664005628/download/s5-2014.zip
    Description: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (DA-600, Kaijo-Denki) in 0.3 m on a daily basis.

en:
Resource Title: S2 2014
    Size: 726971 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/25ce04fb-452c-439e-b1fe-8ef2ccb1ea4e/download/s2-2014.zip
    Description: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific, Inc.) in 2.6 m.

en:
Resource Title: S5 2015
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    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/d9037751-fbdf-438c-a1b0-03aa3301c065/download/s5-2015.zip
    Description: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (DA-600, Kaijo-Denki) in 0.3 m on a daily basis.

en:
Resource Title: S2 2016
    Size: 571682 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/e78a7861-5a9d-458f-b66d-d180292f6840/download/s2-2016.zip
    Description: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific Inc.) in 3.2 m on a daily basis.

en:
Resource Title: S3 2016
    Size: 860498 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/0425d29f-b2cd-4092-afe6-00ca6fbd2303/download/s3-2016.zip
    Description: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific Inc.) in 1.7 m on a daily basis.

en:
Resource Title: S4 2015
    Size: 764023 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/3e7cd0af-60cb-4026-8e8f-7c0736c45f5b/download/s4-2015.zip
    Description: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific, Inc.) in 2.2 m.

en:
Resource Title: Output explanation
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    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/c97df0fe-0691-4123-9d12-73909311f289/download/outputexplanation.xlsx
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: S5 2016
    Size: 54602 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/43081c3a-5d6c-4f7c-9259-b221e82f9b61/download/s5-2016.zip
    Description: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (DA-600, Kaijo-Denki) in 0.3 m on a daily basis.

en:
Resource Title: S3 2014
    Size: 717361 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/96640b5b-18e4-4de4-b19b-d8be3fabe9a6/download/s3-2014.zip
    Description: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (R.M. Young Company) in 0.7 m.

en:
Resource Title: S1 2015
    Size: 737846 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/68c609d2-beb3-45b7-bbd4-cdf33de5f6e1/download/s1-2015.zip
    Description: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (R.M. Young Company) in 3.3 m.

en:
Resource Title: S3 2015
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    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/9e551281-5120-4041-860e-8d2fc911c9dd/download/s3-2015.zip
    Description: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific, Inc.) in 2.2 m.

en:
Resource Title: S4 2014
    Size: 717473 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/60ca7742-4ab9-49f6-9318-3dac0c4ae4bd/download/s4-2014.zip
    Description: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (R.M. Young Company) in 0.7 m.

en:
Resource Title: S2 2015
    Size: 735270 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/81cb8412-b9bf-4ac8-a65b-7fdd0c597087/download/s2-2015.zip
    Description: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (R.M. Young Company) in 3.3 m.

en:
Resource Title: S1 2014
    Size: 725025 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/7e8c6dac-80cf-49d7-bd85-2a61d3336e6f/resource/486e31a9-78e2-4736-9cad-a40c0958662c/download/s1-2014.zip
    Description: Eddy-covariance measurement with an ultrasonic anemometer (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific, Inc.) in 2.6 m.

dischmex

display_name: dischmex

eddy-covariance-measurements

display_name: eddy-covariance-measurements

patchy-snow-covers

display_name: patchy-snow-covers

snow-patch

display_name: snow-patch

turbulent-sensible-heat-fluxes

display_name: turbulent-sensible-heat-fluxes


en:
This dataset contains all data on which the following publication below is based.
Paper Citation:
Risch Anita C., Zimmermann, Stefan, Schütz, Martin, Borer, Elizabeth T., Broadbent, Arthur A.D., Caldeira, Maria C., Davies, Kendi F., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Hagedorn, Frank, Knops, Johannes M.H., Lembrechts, Jonas, J., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Seabloom, Eric W., Silveira, Maria L., Virtanen, Risto, Yahdjian, Laura, Ochoa-Hueso, Raul (accepted). Drivers of the microbial metabolic quotient across global grasslands. Global Ecology and Biogeography
Please cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile.
The microbial metabolic quotient (MMQ; mg CO2-C mg MBC-1 h-1), defined as the amount of microbial CO2 respired (MR; mg CO2-C kg soil-1 h-1) per unit of microbial biomass C (MBC; mg C kg soil-1), is a key parameter for understanding the microbial regulation of the carbon (C) cycle, including soil C sequestration. Here, we experimentally tested hypotheses about the individual and interactive effects of multiple nutrient addition (NPK+micronutrients) and herbivore exclusion on MR, MBC, and MMQ across 23 sites (5 continents). Our sites encompassed a wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions, thus we assessed which edaphoclimatic variables affected MMQ the most and how they interacted with our treatments. Soils were collected in plots with established experimental treatments. MR was assessed in a five-week laboratory incubation without glucose addition, MBC via substrate-induced respiration. MMQ was calculated as MR/MBC and corrected for soil temperatures (MMQsoil). Using LMMs and SEMs, we analysed how edaphoclimatic characteristics and treatments interactively affected MMQsoil. MMQsoil was higher in locations with higher mean annual temperature, lower water holding capacity, and soil organic C concentration, but did not respond to our treatments across sites as neither MR nor MBC changed. We attributed this relative homeostasis to our treatments to the modulating influence of edaphoclimatic variables. For example, herbivore exclusion, regardless of fertilization, led to greater MMQsoil only at sites with lower soil organic C (-1.7%). Our results pinpoint the main variables related to MMQsoil across grasslands and emphasize the importance of the local edaphoclimatic conditions in controlling the response of the C cycle to anthropogenic stressors. By testing hypotheses about MMQsoil across global edaphoclimatic gradients, this work also helps to align the conflicting results of prior studies.

en: nutrient-addition anthropogenic-management soil-properties microbial-biomass-carbon herbivore-exclusion climate microbial-respiration

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

envi

en: Environment

anthropogenic-management

display_name: anthropogenic-management

climate

display_name: climate

herbivore-exclusion

display_name: herbivore-exclusion

microbial-biomass-carbon

display_name: microbial-biomass-carbon

microbial-respiration

display_name: microbial-respiration

nutrient-addition

display_name: nutrient-addition

soil-properties

display_name: soil-properties


aerosol-data-weissfluhjoch

en:
Aerosol properties were measured between February 8 and March 31 2019  at the measurement site Weissfluhjoch (LON: 9.806475, LAT: 46.832964). Optical and aerodynamic particle counters, as well as a scanning mobility particle size spectrometer and an ice nuclei counter were deployed to report particle concentrations and size distributions in fine (10-1000 nm) and coarse mode (- 1000 nm), cloud condensation nuclei concentrations (CCNCs), and ice nuclei particle concentrations (ICNCs). The ambient particles were transported via a heated inlet to be distributed to the particle detecting devices inside the setup room.
Optical Particle Counter (OPC): Light scattering of a diode laser beam caused by travelling particles is used in the both, the OPC-N3 (0.41 - 38.5 &956;m) and GT-526S (0.3 – 5 &956;m), to determine their size and number concentration. For the OPC-N3, particle size spectra and concentration data are used afterwards to calculate PM&8321;, PM&8322;,&8325; and PM&8321;&8320; (assumptions: particle density: 1.65 g cm&713;&179;, refractive index: 1.5+i0).
Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS): The APS (3321, TSI Inc.) measured the particle size distribution for aerodynamic diameters between 0.5 &956;m and ~20 &956;m by the particle’s time-of-flight and light-scattering intensity (assumptions: particle density 1 g cm&713;&179;).
Scanning Mobility Particle Size Spectrometer (SMPS): Particle number concentrations in a size range between 12 and 460 nm (electrical mobility diameter) were measured at Davos Wolfgang, using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer (SMPS 3938, TSI Inc.). The classifier (3082, TSI Inc.) was equipped with a neutralizer (3088, TSI Inc.) and a differential mobility analyzer working with negative polarity (3081, TSI Inc.). The size selected particles were counted by a water-based condensation particle counter (3787 TSI Inc.). The TSI AIM software was used to provide particle size distributions by applying multiple charge and diffusion loss corrections (assumptions: particle density 1 g cm&713;&179;).
Coriolis &956; and LINDA: A microbial air sampler (Coriolis &956;, bertin Instruments) was used to collect airborne particles for investigating their ice nucleating ability with a droplet freezing device. Particles larger than 0.5 &956;m were drawn with an air flow rate of up to 300 l min&8254;&185; into the cone and centrifuged into the wall of the cone due to the forming vortex. The liquid sample was transferred into the LED based Ice Nucleation Detection Apparatus (LINDA, University of Basel) to study heterogeneous ice formation (immersion freezing mode) of ambient airborne particles.

en: Aerosol Data Weissfluhjoch

en: inp ice-nucleation raclets particles linda aerosol

title_for_slug: aerosol-data-weissfluhjoch

en:
Resource Title: SMPS Dataset Weissfluhjoch
    Size: 32316159 bytes
    Format: application/x-netcdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/67ab6458-99fd-4f2e-b707-20c8dcf52109/resource/585a81d2-1d89-4453-b9b0-49176e48359d/download/smps_weissfluhjoch.nc
    Description: The SMPS file contains aerosol data (particle concentration, total number concentration, median, mean, geometric mean, mode and geometric standard deviation of the size distribution) in a size range between 12 and 460 nm (electrical mobility diameter) as well as instrument characteristics (sample temperature, pressure, relative humidity, mean free path and gas viscosity) in a temporal resolution of 2 minutes, with time in UTC, measured at Weissfluhjoch.

en:
Resource Title: OPC-GT526S Dataset Weissfluhjoch
    Size: 11552644 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/67ab6458-99fd-4f2e-b707-20c8dcf52109/resource/6e0ab260-4ec2-4b08-b485-63bbed6b4433/download/opc-gt526s_weissfluhjoch.csv
    Description: Particle counts were recorded in six size channels (0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.5, 2.5 and 5 μm) in a resolution of 20 seconds (time in UTC) by a particle counter (GT-526S, Met One Instruments, Inc.).

en:
Resource Title: APS Dataset Weissfluhjoch
    Size: 98624420 bytes
    Format: application/x-netcdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/67ab6458-99fd-4f2e-b707-20c8dcf52109/resource/c7846a5d-4a0f-462b-bddc-594bfb6a578b/download/aps_weissfluhjoch.nc
    Description: The APS file contains aerosol data (total number concentration, median, mean, geometric mean, mode and geometric standard deviation of the size distribution) for aerodynamic diameters between 0.5 μm and ~20 μm as well as instrument characteristics, in a temporal resolution of 20 seconds, with time in UTC, measured at Weissfluhjoch.

en:
Resource Title: LINDA Dataset Weissfluhjoch
    Size: 191898 bytes
    Format: application/x-netcdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/67ab6458-99fd-4f2e-b707-20c8dcf52109/resource/6451c23d-b1ec-4100-8f78-ba35611e540f/download/raclets_inp_wfj.nc
    Description: The LINDA file contains information on temperature (in °C) dependent frozen fractions, number of Ice Nuleating Particles (INP, per standard liter) and differential INP concentrations (per standard liter and Kelvin).

en:
Resource Title: OPC-N3 Dataset Weissfluhjoch
    Size: 54387041 bytes
    Format: text/csv
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/67ab6458-99fd-4f2e-b707-20c8dcf52109/resource/3932aae8-fa08-4dd7-bb1c-35cdfe3859bf/download/opc-n3_weissfluhjoch.csv
    Description: Particle concentrations in a size range of 0.35 μm to 40 μm were measured with an OPC-N3 (Alphasense, Inc.) in a resolution of 20 seconds (time in UTC). PM₁, PM₂,₅ and PM₁₀ were directly derived.

aerosol

display_name: aerosol

ice-nucleation

display_name: ice-nucleation

inp

display_name: inp

linda

display_name: linda

particles

display_name: particles

raclets

display_name: raclets


en: This data includes (1) Scripts to aggregate landscape resistance layers into squared and hexagonal grids (i.e., different representations and resolutions), (2) Input resistance layers and focal nodes in .txt format to run in Circuitscape (Python implementation v4.0.5). Circuitscape is a software tool for modeling and analyzing landscape connectivity, which simulates movement of organisms across landscapes by estimating resistance to movement across each point of the landscape. (3) Scripts for the ecological network analysis, and (4) environmental predictors for amphibian whole-life cycle habitats used to describe the local environment for BGI design (i.e. topographic, hydrologic, edaphic, vegetation, land-use derived, movement-ecology related).

en: Multi-Scale Prioritization framework for Urban Blue-Green Infrastructure Planning to Support Biodiversity: Data & Codes

en: biodiversity ecological-corridors network-analysis ecosystem-services circuit-theory urban-planning

en:
Resource Title:  Amphibian movement resistance layers and scripts for connectivity modelling - part 2
    Size: 20335272 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dd7b7d6e-6fe8-455e-9743-adf791914a17/resource/1283e651-6999-46ad-b23d-0e81c593a90e/download/2_network-analysis.zip
    Description: The zipped folder includes the script to create and analyse the networks from Circuitscape outputs. The subfolders “Boundaries”, “Layers”, and “Reference_net” contain files either called by the code or created in the process. The subfolder “Outputs_from_Circuitscape” contains the outputs from Circuitscape including node and branch cumulative currents in a network format.

en:
Resource Title:  Amphibian movement resistance layers and scripts for connectivity modeling - part 1
    Size: 247430561 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dd7b7d6e-6fe8-455e-9743-adf791914a17/resource/e364cf62-5561-4b4d-8909-0977b3da60f3/download/1_resistance_layers.zip
    Description: The zipped folder includes the script to aggregate the resistance layers into squared and hexagonal grids. The subfolders “Boundaries”, “Layers”, “Reference_grids”, and “Resistance_from_SDMs” contain files either called by the code or created in the process.The subfolder “Inputs_for_Circuitscape” contains the inputs to run Circuitscape, after doing some subsequent processing steps in QGIS (listed in the R script) with the files created with the script.

biodiversity

display_name: biodiversity

circuit-theory

display_name: circuit-theory

ecological-corridors

display_name: ecological-corridors

ecosystem-services

display_name: ecosystem-services

network-analysis

display_name: network-analysis

urban-planning

display_name: urban-planning


rorcc

en:
The dataset "RoRCC" consists of simulation-based results on climate change impacts on Alpine RoR power production; it is based on 21 Swiss RoR power plants, with a total production of 5.9 TWh a-1. The dataset contains the following information:
1) metadata on the RoR power plants under consideration, 2) annual and seasonal production potential scenarios under into three emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) and three future periods (T1: 2020–2049, T2: 2045–2074, T3: 2070–2099), 3) annual and seasonal streamflow scenarios, 4) annual and seasonal production loss due to environmental flow requirements, 5) annual and seasonal the technical increase potential (via design discharge optimisation) and 6) annual and seasonal changes in the hydrological cycle.

en: RoRCC

en: environmental-flow run-of-river-power-plants climate-change design-discharge hydropower

title_for_slug: rorcc

climate-change

display_name: climate-change

design-discharge

display_name: design-discharge

environmental-flow

display_name: environmental-flow

hydropower

display_name: hydropower

run-of-river-power-plants

display_name: run-of-river-power-plants


en:
This dataset contains the fire events, drivers and auxillery datasets analyzed in the study "Compounding preconditions of wildfires vary in time and space within Europe" of Miller et al. (2025) (DOI: 10.1038/s43247-025-02955-1).
A Jupyter-Notebook explaining the fire event datasets and code to reproduce the figures of Miller et al. (2025) are available on gitlab (see https://gitlab.com/jumi26/wildfire-drivers-in-europe).

en: Wildfire events and drivers across Europe

en: driver event-analysis forest-fire europe observations mountains

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

envi

en: Environment

driver

display_name: driver

europe

display_name: europe

event-analysis

display_name: event-analysis

forest-fire

display_name: forest-fire

mountains

display_name: mountains

observations

display_name: observations


digitizing-historical-plague

en: We present newly digitized data on 6,929 plague outbreaks that occurred between 1347 and 1900 AD across Europe. The data base on an inventory initially published 1976. For georeferencing the information of Tele Atlas 2009 was used. The coordinates are in the reference systems ETRS89 and WGS84.

en: Digitizing historical plague

en: bubonic-plague plague-mapping black-death palaeo-epidemiology plague-outbreaks yersinia-pestis historical-plague plague-inventory

title_for_slug: digitizing-historical-plague

black-death

display_name: black-death

bubonic-plague

display_name: bubonic-plague

historical-plague

display_name: historical-plague

palaeo-epidemiology

display_name: palaeo-epidemiology

plague-inventory

display_name: plague-inventory

plague-mapping

display_name: plague-mapping

plague-outbreaks

display_name: plague-outbreaks

yersinia-pestis

display_name: yersinia-pestis


en: These data were used to drive and evaluate Jules Investigation Model (JIM) snow simulations. The data provided are the forcing data used for the "deterministic" runs as described in Winstral et al., 2019. The bias-detecting ensemble (Winstral et al., 2019) used observed snow depths (HS) to detect biases in these deterministic simulations related to precipitation and energy inputs to JIM. Simulations that included the BDE evaluations substantially improved JIM simulations.

en: Meteorological data used to develop and validate the bias-detecting ensemble (BDE)

en: snow-simulation jules-investigation-model snow-depth jim snow

en:
Resource Title: HS and SWE observations
    Size: 1214806 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/04470a99-93e5-499d-b869-6c30dffdc2f5/resource/d1a89df0-4991-48a0-8fbc-35f72afb953e/download/validation.zip
    Description: Automated (HS) and manual (SWE) data used to evaluate model simulations

en:
Resource Title: Station forcing data
    Size: 152284372 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/04470a99-93e5-499d-b869-6c30dffdc2f5/resource/282b7bc4-a607-4927-a2fd-858610a973c8/download/forcings.zip
    Description: All forcing data need to run JIM at HS and SWE stations. These are data downscaled directly from COSMO NWP data (WY14, WY15) and further enhanced by additional station observations of snow depth (HS) and air temperature (Ta) in WY17. Further information can be found in README file. Note that in WY14 and WY15, shortwave radiation was not split into direct and diffuse (not necessary for JIM) and that the default method in JIM for splitting precipitation phase was used. In WY 17, direct and diffuse were combined as input to JIM and JIM was forced with pre-processed liquid and solid precipitation phases.

en:
Resource Title: DEM
    Size: 568273 bytes
    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/04470a99-93e5-499d-b869-6c30dffdc2f5/resource/705365e0-bdd9-4dca-966d-e8f9b9b7ede5/download/dem.txt
    Description: 1-km resolution DEM used for downscaling gridded NWP data to stations and for distributing BDE evaluations at HS-stations to SWE-stations

format: TXT

media_type: text/plain

en:
Resource Title: READ_ME
    Size: 1134 bytes
    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/04470a99-93e5-499d-b869-6c30dffdc2f5/resource/30d1a503-fd18-43a5-9af9-e0e0f1855272/download/read_me.txt
    Description: File/data descriptor

jim

display_name: jim

jules-investigation-model

display_name: jules-investigation-model

snow

display_name: snow

snow-depth

display_name: snow-depth

snow-simulation

display_name: snow-simulation


en:
Raw data of paper: A recent ash dieback infection neither affects emerald ash borer
performance nor triggers a substantial systemic phytochemical
defense response in European ash (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-025-01981-4)
Raw data on emerald ash borer (EAB) weight gain, mortality, development and longevity. Raw data of ash phloem and leaf chemistry. Raw data of ash dieback (ADB) lesion length.

en: Raw data-A recent ash dieback infection neither affects emerald ash borer performance nor triggers a substantial systemic phytochemical defense response in European ash

en: ash-dieback metabolomics fraxinus-excelsior pest-invasion agrilus-palnipennis

agrilus-palnipennis

display_name: agrilus-palnipennis

ash-dieback

display_name: ash-dieback

fraxinus-excelsior

display_name: fraxinus-excelsior

metabolomics

display_name: metabolomics

pest-invasion

display_name: pest-invasion


en:
This dataset groups numerical simulation outputs and validation measurement data produced in the context of the following [publication]: _not published yet_
The snow transport model [snowBedFoam] was used to analyse snow deposition around a specific type of Alpine PV structures named HELIOPLANT®.
The results of a sensitivity analysis of multiple key parameters that govern the spatial organisation of these structures are provided here. Measurements of snow distribution taken from the test-site of the [Gondosolar] project, are provided too.

To reproduce the results of the aforementioned publication, follow the instructions on this [repository].
[publication]: https://
[snowBedFoam]: https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.223
[Gondosolar]: https://www.gondosolar.ch
[repository]: https://github.com/frischwood/snowbed-helio.git

en: Drifting and blowing snow distribution around structures for Alpine PV applications

en: photovoltaic renewable-energy alpine snow-transport preferential-deposition

en:
Resource Title: Browse simulation files
    Size: 1024 bytes
    Format: No Info
    URL: https://envicloud.wsl.ch/#/?bucket=https%3A%2F%2Fos.zhdk.cloud.switch.ch%2Fenvicloud%2F&prefix=doi%2Fenvidat.589%2Fsimulations%2F
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: simulations.zip
    Size: 11811160064 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://os.zhdk.cloud.switch.ch/envicloud/doi/envidat.589/simulations.zip
    Description: This file contains the snowBedFoam simulations carried out to produce the results presented in: _article not published yet_.

## Content

### 1. /simulations
Groups all simulations folders organised by parameter (azimuth, groupsize, height, interspace) and by type of experiment (single_ref, group_ref).

### 2. /simulations/[parameter]/
For each parameter multiple simulations were carried out. Each simulation folder follows the same naming systematic:

`helioplant_n#_h#_ARL#_BL#_az#_windDir#`
- n: number of Helioplant units
- h: height-above-surface
- sp: regular distance between the units
- ARL: additional refinement level
- BL: boundary layer first cell height
- windDir: wind direction
- stag: staggered arangement (suffix)

Here is an example of a folder content for a specific parameter
(simulations/azimuth/):
- `helioplant_n9_h07_sp10_ARL45_BL0015_az30_windDir5`: following the naming systematic this folder corresponds to a simulation with 9 aligned Helioplant units with 0.7m of height-above-surface, an inter-unit distance of 10m an azimuth of 30° and a wind direction of 5°.

### 3. /simulations/[parameter]/[helioplant_n#_h#_ARL#_BL#_az#_windDir#]
Each simulation folder contains multiple sub-folders (0/, 100/, 300/, constant/ etc.) and files that define the experiment. For each simulation, the files used in the processing [scripts] are the following:
- 0/Cx: contains the x coordinates of sampling grid cells and of the Helioplants structures.
- 0/Cy: contains the y coordinates of sampling grid cells and of the Helioplants structures.
- 300/kinematicCloud-massCheckPatterns: contains the snow mass distribution values [kg/m2] for each grid cell.

[scripts]: https://github.com/frischwood/snowbed-helio.git

alpine

display_name: alpine

photovoltaic

display_name: photovoltaic

preferential-deposition

display_name: preferential-deposition

renewable-energy

display_name: renewable-energy

snow-transport

display_name: snow-transport


en:
Starter kit for the TreeMig framework that allows for an easy application of the forest landscape model TreeMig for simulating forest dynamics in space under changing environmental and land use conditions.
The starter kit consists of a set of climate, land-use, topography and soil property input data for Switzerland, a script for installing the framework and running the GUI of the framework with the link to the input data, a tutorial covering a range of simulation examples for Switzerland and a transect through Europe, and an associated example simulation environment containing the model executables and other model inputs.

en: Starter Kit for the TreeMig framework v1 for easy simulation of spatio-temporal forest dynamics

en: forest-dynamics bioclimatic-variables forest species-interaction gui forest-model spatial-modelling treemig land-use species-migration r-package

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

envi

en: Environment

en:
Resource Title: TreeMig Simulation Environment and Input Data
    Size: 1602386904 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/516d259a-3b10-419c-a033-980bedf6ade1/resource/c2ae78fd-418a-4cdb-a511-0914eb46224f/download/tmenvandinputdata.zip
    Description: The zip file consists of a R-script to provide the framework, an example simulation environment and a set of input data.
- The R-script installAndRunTreeMigWrapperAndGUI.R installs the R-package, links to the input data and starts the graphical user interface.
- The gridded input datasets in TMInputData are specifically tailored to Switzerland and have the same coordinate reference system and a congruent 200m spatial resolution. They consist of climate, topographic, land use and soil data.  For details see TMInputDataDetails.pdf.
- TMEnvironment is an example simulation environment, i.e. a set of hierarchically structured folders.  For the first example simulation of the tutorial it contains the
   - the TreeMig executables for MacOS, Linux and Windows
   - simulation control files that define the setup and input files of the simulation (in folder C)
   - species parameters (in folder P)
   - bioclimatic data  (in folder E)
   - folder R for results
   - folder Plots for plots of the simulation results.
   - This environment can be also used for the subsequent simulations of the tutorial.
- Some additional R-scripts demonstrate more complex applications described in the tutorial, e.g. coupling to another model.

en:
Resource Title: TreeMig_Tutorial_v2024_12.pdf
    Size: 3399819 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/516d259a-3b10-419c-a033-980bedf6ade1/resource/5188a2e1-470c-4ed7-83c6-26dc72bd18ab/download/treemig_tutorial_v2024_12.pdf
    Description: Tutorial for using the TreeMig framework; updated

en:
Resource Title: TreeMig Simulation Environment and Input Data
    Size: 1612103870 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/516d259a-3b10-419c-a033-980bedf6ade1/resource/5eef16d1-80af-442b-9da2-f64b4fa94671/download/tmenvandinputdata.zip
    Description: The zip file consists of a R-script to provide the framework, an example simulation environment and a set of input data.
- The R-script installAndRunTreeMigWrapperAndGUI.R installs the R-package, links to the input data and starts the graphical user interface.
- The gridded input datasets in TMInputData are specifically tailored to Switzerland and have the same coordinate reference system and a congruent 200m spatial resolution. They consist of climate, topographic, land use and soil data.  For details see TMInputDataDetails.pdf.
- TMEnvironment is an example simulation environment, i.e. a set of hierarchically structured folders.  For the first example simulation of the tutorial it contains the
   - the TreeMig executables for MacOS, Linux and Windows
   - simulation control files that define the setup and input files of the simulation (in folder C)
   - species parameters (in folder P)
   - bioclimatic data  (in folder E)
   - folder R for results
   - folder Plots for plots of the simulation results.
   - This environment can be also used for the subsequent simulations of the tutorial.
- Some additional R-scripts demonstrate more complex applications described in the tutorial, e.g. coupling to another model.

en:
Resource Title: TreeMig_Tutorial_2025-05-02.pdf
    Size: 2107648 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/516d259a-3b10-419c-a033-980bedf6ade1/resource/a1dec65a-30ba-4688-90ac-50df5db73d4c/download/treemig_tutorial_2025-05-02.pdf
    Description: Tutorial for using the TreeMig framework; updated

en:
Resource Title: Description input data
    Size: 263110 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/516d259a-3b10-419c-a033-980bedf6ade1/resource/3db8ca57-2838-4b26-82a9-9770b75b7096/download/readme_descriptioninputdata.pdf
    Description: Details where the input data come from and how they have been processed

en:
Resource Title: TreeMig_Tutorial_v2024_12_04.pdf
    Size: 6400462 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/516d259a-3b10-419c-a033-980bedf6ade1/resource/d4c15251-917c-4102-b172-256fecd39161/download/treemig_tutorial_v2024_12_04.pdf
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: TreeMig Tutorial
    Size: 2046576 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/516d259a-3b10-419c-a033-980bedf6ade1/resource/8e6ac324-ab2b-40bc-a12f-70960c8f4bd1/download/treemig_tutorial.pdf
    Description: Tutorial for using the TreeMig framework

bioclimatic-variables

display_name: bioclimatic-variables

forest

display_name: forest

forest-dynamics

display_name: forest-dynamics

forest-model

display_name: forest-model

gui

display_name: gui

land-use

display_name: land-use

r-package

display_name: r-package

spatial-modelling

display_name: spatial-modelling

species-interaction

display_name: species-interaction

species-migration

display_name: species-migration

treemig

display_name: treemig


en: Laboratory experiments are presented on the phase change at the surface of sodium chloride – water mixtures at temperatures between 259 K and 240 K. High selectivity to the upper few nanometres of the frozen solution – air interface is achieved by using electron yield near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. We present the NEXAFS spectrum of the hydrohalite.

en: Data set on interfacial supercooling and the precipitation of hydrohalite in frozen NaCl solutions by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

en: arctic ice snow sea-salt-aerosol antarctica

en:
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    Description: Data to Figure 1C

en:
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    Format: text/plain
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    Description: Individual data to mean shown in Figure 1F

en:
Resource Title: Table1
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    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4f67a0e6-accb-40a1-b9f1-3c8f8eebf886/resource/89079eb2-5bc0-4032-ad8d-41db87a93c81/download/table1.txt
    Description: This table lists all data files in chronological order. "SampleTemp" refers to the reading of the PT-1000 at the side of the sample holder. "cellPressure" is the water vapour pressure during the measurements. From this, in presence of ice, the temperature of the ice sample can be calculated which is given in the column "iceTemp". "dT" is the difference, or temperature offset, between sensor's reading and the ice samples temperature. The offset is due to the sensor being mounted away from the cooled spot of the sample were it experiences heating from warmer parts of the sample holder. The off-set is used to calibrate the temperature sensor and the resulting temperature during the experiments is given in the column "temperature". "relHum" is the relative humidity above (supercooled) liquid and "concBrine" is the concentration of a NaCl solution in mol/l in equilibrium with ice at the experimental temperature. "Area" is the integrated PE signal.

en:
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    Description: Data to Figure 1D

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en:
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    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4f67a0e6-accb-40a1-b9f1-3c8f8eebf886/resource/b5116736-f648-48fc-b151-84f9e7425b02/download/fig1datae.txt
    Description: Data to Figure 1E

en:
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    Description: Individual data to mean shown in Figure 1B

en:
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    Description: Individual data to mean shown in Figure 1B

en:
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    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4f67a0e6-accb-40a1-b9f1-3c8f8eebf886/resource/e34c6b10-2a60-47ff-9861-c4532f9f6cd5/download/fig1datab.txt
    Description: Data in Figure 1B

en:
Resource Title: Code
    Size: 4438 bytes
    Format: application/vnd.wolfram.mathematica.package
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4f67a0e6-accb-40a1-b9f1-3c8f8eebf886/resource/4f8edf22-d8cf-42e9-aae8-88cf6d84ceec/download/bartelsrausch_cryosphere_nacl_2020.m
    Description: Matlab code to read and plot the data

en:
Resource Title: Read Me
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    Format: application/pdf
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4f67a0e6-accb-40a1-b9f1-3c8f8eebf886/resource/06ee35fe-4ee5-4813-812c-5600ac828b25/download/bartelsrausch_cryosphere_nacl_2020-data-repository.pdf
    Description: Description of the data tables

en:
Resource Title: Fig 1F
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    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4f67a0e6-accb-40a1-b9f1-3c8f8eebf886/resource/4066e023-0d99-4ee8-9b28-7dcc5bae6e6a/download/fig1dataf.txt
    Description: Data to Figure 1F

en:
Resource Title: Table 2
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    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4f67a0e6-accb-40a1-b9f1-3c8f8eebf886/resource/0a3fb7b3-b96d-496a-86e2-00a635c1fdab/download/table2.txt
    Description: This table lists all NEXAFS data files in chronological order with PE carbon to oxygen signal intensity ratios -from which the atomic ratio were calculated in the paper - before ("preCtoO") and after ("postCtoO") each NEXAFS measurement. Also listed is the change in Na ("lossSodi"), O ("lossOxy"), Cl ("lossChlor"), and C ("lossCarb") signal intensity after the NEXAFS measurement compared to prior to the NEXAFS measurement.

en:
Resource Title: Fig 1A
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    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4f67a0e6-accb-40a1-b9f1-3c8f8eebf886/resource/b90f9e5e-d4a1-47ef-8654-659b2ee7734a/download/fig1dataa.txt
    Description: Data Figure 1A

en:
Resource Title: Fig 1F_1
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    Format: text/plain
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/4f67a0e6-accb-40a1-b9f1-3c8f8eebf886/resource/927bbb3a-590d-46a1-8cc2-8eef6b2040a9/download/fig1dataf_phoenix04042016_015.txt
    Description: Individual data to mean shown in Figure 1F

antarctica

display_name: antarctica

arctic

display_name: arctic

ice

display_name: ice

sea-salt-aerosol

display_name: sea-salt-aerosol

snow

display_name: snow


en:
This python code uses the Finite Element library FEniCS (via docker) to solve the one dimensional partial differential equations for heat and mass transfer in snow. The results are written in vtk format.
The dataset contains the code and the output data to reproduce the key Figure 5 from the related publication:
_Schürholt, K., Kowalski, J., Löwe, H.; Elements of future snowpack modeling - Part 1: A physical
instability arising from the non-linear coupling of transport and phase changes, The Cryosphere, 2022_
The code and potential updates can be accessed directly through git via:
https://gitlabext.wsl.ch/snow-physics/snowmodel_fenics

en: A numerical solver for heat and mass transport in snow based on FEniCS

en: snow python vapor-transport pattern-formation numerical-model

envidat

en: EnviDat is the WSL data portal providing unified and managed access to environmental monitoring and research data. The portal has the capability to host and publish data sets. Through the sharing of unique and high-value data sets worldwide, EnviDat fosters research and contributes to advancing environmental science.

en: EnviDat: the Environmental Data Portal

envi

en: Environment

numerical-model

display_name: numerical-model

pattern-formation

display_name: pattern-formation

python

display_name: python

vapor-transport

display_name: vapor-transport


en:
The data consists of a collection of environmental data, tree-ring width and intra-annual δ13C measurements of tree rings of three conifer species (Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Abies alba), and the R scripts that were used to analyse the data. Data was collected at two pairs of north and south exposed sites in Switzerland, in the Eastern Grisons (Surava North and Surava South) and Central Valais (Buthan and Lens).
Intra-annual δ13C measurements were obtained using the laser ablation technique, which involved 10 sequential shots per ring. Shot 1 represents the δ13C value at the start of the ring, while Shot 10 corresponds to the δ13C value at the end of the ring's formation. Overall, the datasets consist of 400 profiles and 4000 isotope measurements.
Environmental data was collected at each site over decade, from 2012 to 2023. Key environmental variables include temperature, vapour pressure deficit (VPD), and soil water potential (SWP). Precipitation data was obtained from the EOBS v29.0e dataset (https://www.ecad.eu/download/ensembles/download.php) from the closest grid point. All data was aggregated on an hourly to daily scale.
In addition to environmental data, dendrometer data was used to derive the onset days, beginning of growth for each site (Onset_days.Rds). The data captures the dynamic relationship between environmental factors, such as soil and air moisture, and tree physiological responses, as reflected in δ13C variation. This dataset provides insights into the intra-seasonal interactions between environmental conditions and tree physiology. We provide the scripts for the main analyses performed in the Vitali, V. et al. 2025 article listed below, including the correlation of the isotope intra-annual time series with environmental variables.
This dataset contains all data on which the publication listed below is based.
Please cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile.

en: 10 years of intra-annual carbon isotopes in tree rings from 3 conifer species

en: tree-ring soil-water dendrochronology pinus-sylvestris picea-abies stable-isotopes drought abies-alba vpd

abies-alba

display_name: abies-alba

dendrochronology

display_name: dendrochronology

drought

display_name: drought

picea-abies

display_name: picea-abies

pinus-sylvestris

display_name: pinus-sylvestris

soil-water

display_name: soil-water

stable-isotopes

display_name: stable-isotopes

tree-ring

display_name: tree-ring

vpd

display_name: vpd


en:
Acknowledgements: The CORE format was proudly inspired by the Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF ([COG](https://www.cogeo.org/)) format, by considering how to leverage the ability of clients issuing HTTP GET range requests for a time-series of remote sensing and aerial imagery (instead of just one image).
License: The Cloud Optimized Raster Encoding (CORE) specifications are released to the public domain under a Creative Commons 1.0 CC0 "No Rights Reserved" international license. You can reuse the information contained herein in any way you want, for any purposes and without restrictions.
-----------------------
Summary:
The Cloud Optimized Raster Encoding (CORE) format is being developed for the efficient storage and management of gridded data by applying video encoding algorithms. It is mainly designed for the exchange and preservation of large time series data in environmental data repositories, while in the same time enabling more efficient workflows on the cloud. It can be applied to any large number of similar (in pixel size and image dimensions) raster data layers. CORE is not designed to replace COG but to work together with COG for a collection of many layers (e.g. by offering a fast preview of layers when switching between layers of a time series).
WARNING: Currently only applicable to RGB/Byte imagery. The final CORE specifications may probably be very different from what is written herein or CORE may not ever become productive due to a myriad of reasons (see also 'Major issues to be solved').
With this early public sharing of the format we explicitly support the Open Science agenda, which implies "shifting from the standard practices of publishing research results in scientific publications towards sharing and using all available knowledge at an earlier stage in the research process" (quote from: European Commission, Directorate General for Research and Innovation, 2016. Open innovation, open science, open to the world).
CORE Specifications:
1) a MP4 or WebM video digital multimedia container format (or any future video container playable as HTML video in major browsers)
2) a free to use or open video compression codec such as H.264, VP9, or AV1 (or any future video codec that is open sourced or free to use for end users)
Note: H.264 is currently recommended because of the wide usage with support in all major browsers, fast encoding due to acceleration in hardware (which is currently not the case for AV1 or VP9) and the fact that MPEG LA has allowed the free use for streaming video that is free to the end users. However, please note that H.264 is restricted by patents and its use in proprietary or commercial software requires the payment of royalties to [MPEG LA](https://www.mpegla.com/programs/avc-h-264/). However, when AV1 matures and accelerated hardware encoding becomes available, AV1 is expected to offer 30% to 50% smaller file size in comparison with H.264, while retaining the [same quality](https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/AV1).
3) the encoding frame rate should be of one frame per second (fps) with each layer segmented in internal tiles, similar to COG, ordered by the main use case when accessing the data: either layer contiguous or tile contiguous;
Note: The internal tile arrangement should support an easy navigation inside the CORE video format, depending on the use case.
4) a CORE file is optimised for streaming with the moov atom at the beginning of the file (e.g. with -movflags faststart) and optional additional optimisations depending on the codec used (e.g. -tune fastdecode -tune zerolatency for H.264)
5) metadata tags inside the moov atom for describing and using geographic image data (that are preferably compatible with the [OGC GeoTIFF standard](https://www.ogc.org/standards/geotiff) or any future standard accepted by the geospatial community) as well as list of original file names corresponding to each CORE layer
6) it needs to encode similar source rasters (such as time series of rasters with the same extent and resolution, or different tiles of the same product; each input raster should be having the same image and pixel size)
7) it provides a mechanism for addressing and requesting overviews (lower resolution data) for a fast display in web browser depending on the map scale (currently external overviews)
Major issues to be solved:
- Internal overviews (similar to COG), by chaining lower resolution videos in the same MP4 container for fast access to overviews first); Currently, overviews are kept as separate files, as external overviews.
- Metadata encoding (how to best encode spatial extent, layer names, and so on, for each of the layer inside the series, which may have a different geographical extent, etc...; Known issues: adding too many tags with FFmpeg which are not part of the standard MP4 moov atom; metadata tags have a limited string length.
- Applicability beyond RGB/Byte datasets; defining a standard way of converting cell values from Int16/UInt16/UInt32/Int32/Float32/Float64/ data types into multi-band Byte values (and reconstructing them back to the original data type within acceptable thresholds)
Example
Notice: The provided CORE (.mp4) examples contain modified Copernicus Sentinel data [2018-2021].
For generating the CORE examples provided, 50 original Sentinel 2 (S-2) TCI data images from an area located inside Switzerland were downloaded from www.copernicus.eu, and then transformed into CORE format using ffmpeg with H.264 encoding using the [x264 library](https://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html).
DISCLAIMER: Basic scripts are provided for the Geomatics peer review (in 2021) and kept as additional information for the dataset. Nevertheless, please note that software dependencies and libraries, as well as cloud storage paths, may quickly become deprecated over time (after 2021). For compatibility, stable dependencies and libraries released around 2020 should be used.

en: raster sentinel-2 gridded-data video-encoding geodata time-series research-data-management core

en:
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    URL: https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A28180
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: CORE Dataset (80 GB)
    Size: 85899345920 bytes
    Format: No Info
    URL: https://envicloud.wsl.ch/#/?prefix=doi/envidat.230/CORE_S2A/
    Description:

en:
Resource Title: extract_S2A_CORE
    Size: 3147 bytes
    Format: application/zip
    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/387cd755-33df-4543-ae50-529df462b94f/resource/dec6f9ce-cef3-4da1-97a2-42e2d47315a6/download/extract_s2a_core.sh.zip
    Description: Disclaimer: provided for the Geomatics peer review in 2021 and left as additional information for the dataset. Software dependencies and libraries, as well as cloud storage paths, may change over time (after 2021).

en:
Resource Title: reproduce_S2A_CORE
    Size: 4313 bytes
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    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/387cd755-33df-4543-ae50-529df462b94f/resource/5d8926a7-e8b9-4f01-a197-7edd0968e5c8/download/reproduce_s2a_core.zip
    Description: Disclaimer: provided for the Geomatics peer review in 2021 and left as additional information for the dataset. Software dependencies and libraries, as well as cloud storage paths, may change over time (after 2021).

core

display_name: core

geodata

display_name: geodata

gridded-data

display_name: gridded-data

raster

display_name: raster

research-data-management

display_name: research-data-management

time-series

display_name: time-series

video-encoding

display_name: video-encoding


en:
Forest monitoring to assess forest functioning under air pollution and climate change. Proceedings.
FORECOMON 2021 - the 9th forest ecosystem monitoring conference.
7-9 June 2021, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
The goal of FORECOMON 2021 is to highlight the extensive ICP Forests data series on forest growth, phenology and leaf area index, biodiversity and ground vegetation, foliage and litter fall, ambient air quality, deposition, meteorology, soil and crown condition. We combine novel modeling and assessment approaches and integrate long-term trends to assess air pollution and climate effects on European forests and related ecosystem services. Latest results and conclusions from local scale to European scale studies will be presented and discussed.
Copyright © 2021 by WSL, Birmensdorf
The authors are responsible for the content of their contribution.

en: Forest monitoring to assess forest functioning under air pollution and climate change. Proceedings. FORECOMON 2021 - the 9th forest ecosystem monitoring conference. 7–9 June 2021, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

en: long-term-monitoring air-pollution long-term-forest-ecosystem-research forest monitoring

en:
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en:
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    URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/6c2c3d5b-8b2f-4c7b-b996-46df4ccf2b20/resource/1928196d-5fee-48c1-9b30-66362abf2045/download/icp_abstractband_web.pdf
    Description: First version of the proceedings containing errors. This early version it is kept, for traceability purposes, in conformance with DOI rules.

en:
Resource Title: Link to Proceedings in DORA WSL
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    URL: https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A27202
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air-pollution

display_name: air-pollution

forest

display_name: forest

long-term-forest-ecosystem-research

display_name: long-term-forest-ecosystem-research

long-term-monitoring

display_name: long-term-monitoring

monitoring

display_name: monitoring